Geometry.Net - Basic_T: Tsunamis Geology

Intro To Tsunamis
Coastal marshes buried by tsunami sands are clear evidence that tsunamis have struckthe Oregon coast many of geology Mineral Industries 800 NE Oregon St.
http://www.oregongeology.com/earthquakes/Coastal/TsunamiIntro.htm

Extractions: The past occurrence of seismic sea waves in the Pacific Northwest has come to light with recent research that matches records from Japan with carbon-isotope-14 data from wood buried in tsunami sands on the West Coast. Because the Japanese data are so accurate, exact dates can be given for sea wave occurrences. The date of the last large tsunami, recorded in the sands and correlated with Japanese records, was January 26, 1700. The earthquake that generated the wave registered M 9, and the ensuing tsunami destroyed coastal villages in Japan. In Oregon, prehistoric runups (i.e., how high a tsunami wave reaches above mean sea level) can be deduced with numerical methods. From such models, it was concluded that a tsunami that struck Salishan Spit in Lincoln County between 300 and 800 years ago had a runup of up to 40 feet above sea level. It is likely that the same wave probably overtopped a 16-foot-high barrier ridge at Cannon Beach and breached a 20-foot ridge at Seaside. One of the largest subduction zone earthquakes ever recorded was the M 9.2 quake on March 27, 1964, centered in Prince William Sound, Alaska. This generated a tsunami that struck the Oregon coast at 11:30 p.m. with waves as high as 10 feet, swamping houses, destroying bridges and sea walls, and tragically killing four children. A family was camping at Beverly Beach and sleeping in a small driftwood shelter at the time. The second wave reached them, throwing the mother out onto the beach and the father up against a cliff, while the children were washed out to sea. In March 1999, a plaque remembering the children and providing information about tsunamis was dedicated at Beverly Beach State Park.
Learn More About Tsunamis
slides from land under the water, also triggered by earth movement, can intensifythe effects of tsunamis. of geology Mineral Industries 800 NE Oregon St.
http://www.oregongeology.com/earthquakes/Coastal/ScienceofTsunamis.htm

Extractions: Tsunami links Tsunamis, the first cousins to earthquakes, can arrive with only slight warning. A tsunami, also called a seismic sea wave, or incorrectly called a tidal wave, travels across the deep ocean at speeds up to 500 miles per hour. A tsunami generated offshore from Japan or Alaska might not hit the Oregon coast for several hours. A tsunami following a Cascadia earthquake may hit in less than 30 minutes. On the open ocean, a fast moving tsunami might be a wave only three to four feet high, with 100 miles separating wave crests. Approaching the coast, however, the tsunami begins to slow in shallow water, and successive waves bunch up, increasing in height. As the ocean bottom shallows even more, the wave rapidly rises and may break several tens of feet high with incredible destructive power. It has been conjectured that the configuration of the Oregon and Washington continental shelf could produce tsunami waves that would appear to rise slowly out of the ocean but build up to 30 feet or more in height as water is cast shoreward. If you throw a pebble into standing water, a succession of ripples or waves moves across the water. Similarly, tsunamis almost never come as single waves but arrive as multiple crests that are sometimes hours apart. Often the first tsunami is not even the largest or most destructive, and wave four or five may be the largest of all.
Listings Of The World Science Earth Sciences Geology Geologic
British Columbia Tsunami Preparedness Post Review Information brochures, reportsand firsthand accounts of past tsunamis, and other information on preparedness
http://listingsworld.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Geologic_Hazards/Tsunami
Listings Of The World Science Earth Sciences Geology Geologic
About.com Weather tsunamis Post Review Links and the latest informationincluding advisories, physics of tsunamis, and research references.
http://listingsworld.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Geologic_Hazards/Tsunami
TSUNAMIS
tsunamis can be generated quotby any largescale, short-duration disturbance of earthmovement, subsidence, or volcanic eruption (Glossary of geology, 1980).
http://www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes/eqpapers/00000051.htm

Extractions: from California Geology, March 1981, Vol. 34, No. 3. TSUNAMIS By DIANE PIERZINSKI Environmental Planner Department of Conservation INTRODUCTION The earliest efforts to explain great sea waves were made in legend and story by people who lived on land that bordered the ocean. Early Greek philosophers tried to explain the huge sea waves in various ways. The Greek historian Thucydides (fifth century B. C.) attributed the waves to earthquake forces. Aristotle believed the "air element" of Greek cosmology caused earthquakes which created the huge waves. Strabo, who contributed one of the last Greek explanations, came closest to modern theory when he wrote: "For the floor [of the sea] that is saturated with water is far more easily moved and is liable to undergo more sudden changes. . . . Deluges, as we have seen, are caused by upheavals of the bed of the sea; and earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and upheavals of the submarine floor raises the sea, whereas the settling of the sea lowers the sea . . ." (Ambraseys, 1962). At this point inquiry stopped. The origin of the great sea waves was considered again in the late Renaissance period and has been of interest and concern to scientists to the present day.
Marine Geology And Geophysics Group Report, Workshop: Seismic And Tsunami Hazard
Marine geology and Geophysics Working Group Report. seismic source areas, will targetregions along the coastline where future threats from tsunamis are greatest
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-353/geophysicsgrp.html

Extractions: Engineering ... Acknowledgements Marine Geology and Geophysics Working Group Report Leaders: N. Driscoll (WHOI), K. Scanlon (USGS-CMG) Members: Our long-term objective is to understand the complex interplay between the Puerto Rico Block and the North American and Caribbean plates in order to develop a consistent tectonic model for the geologic development and tectonic evolution of the Puerto Rico Region. Specifically, we will employ a three-pronged approach to define the fault and subduction kinematics operative across the region. We envision that these activities will proceed concomitantly and that the initiatives will be designed to complement and build on the efforts of the other research groups examining the region. The recommended activities are:
Tsunamis Group Report, Workshop: Seismic And Tsunami Hazard In Puerto Rico And T
on the West coast; the Pacific states WCMs have now included tsunamis as part ofthe Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) of the Department of geology of the
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-353/tsunamigrp.html

Extractions: Ditto for Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. In this summary report we will present issues that can be addressed by the Geologic Division of the USGS, and also issues that will need the intervention of other agencies. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? Tsunami Sources likelihood and probability of such an event using quantitative mechanisms derived from seismograms (not just qualitative inferences derived from geology). Numerical Tsunami Inundation Mapping and Near-shore Topography and Bathymetry Tsunami Deposits Mapping By looking at the Quaternary sedimentary record, geologists have begun to infer the occurrence of past tsunamis in the northwest coast of Puerto Rico and thus interpret the risk of future tsunami events (Moya, 1999). Except for the limited available written or verbal history, obtaining a record of past events may be nearly impossible. Since scientists cannot yet predict when a tsunami will occur, obtaining a geologic record of past events may be one of the best means to assess future risk. Recent work in Puerto Rico and elsewhere has shown that tsunamis leave a sedimentary record. Furthermore, if a sedimentary deposit is left, inference might be made regarding the size or extent of the tsunami. The continuation of the work begun by Moya (1999) is highly recommended for the Atlantic and Caribbean coasts of Puerto Rico.
Neill's Geology: Disasters!
But erosion and mudflows pull down the mountains, and make room for newones. geology is just one big cycle after another. 3. tsunamis!
http://members.tripod.com/~ciara_n/geology/disaster.html

Extractions: Landslides occur along something called (are you ready?) a plane of structural weakness ! So what, you say? Well, that means that all this muck coming down the side of the mountain, heading straight for you and your dog and your little log shack, is following the path of least resistance. The plane of structural weakness ! is the term for a path, in the mountain, that is relatively free of debris and usually is between the two highest points of the mountain. Some mudflows are active for years ! Isn't that amazing? It's all part of the really super cool way that Geology works: Volcanoes and converging plates push mountains up, and mudflows and rain tear them back down, bit by tiny bit, over thousands of years, until they are flat. See, without mudflows and
Locally-Generated Tsunamis In Hawaii
(bathymetry and geology) Philip Watts (hydrodynamic modeling) Our Objectives.Estimate the inundation hazard in Hawaii from locallygenerated tsunamis.
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/tsunami/

Extractions: Provide tsunami modeling codes to the Pacific Disaster Center for upgrade of inundation maps as better bathymetry/topography data become available. This effort was jointly supported by NASA ( Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program ) and by NOAA ( National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program ). We are in a funding hiatus, but will be back in action soon. We gratefully acknowledge support from and from the Improved Honolulu map and new maps for the Kona Coast and the south coast of Maui are on the way. Left: Inundation of Honolulu from a Kona tsunami. Background: Local tsunamis in Hawai'i? How is a tsunami generated? Hawaiian volcanoes: crumbling piles of rock The earthquake history of Hawai'i The tsunamis of 1868 and 1975 ... So just issue a warning for every big earthquake! What we are doing Bathymetry: the key to reliable simulations Simulation. The Kalapana tsunami of 1975
Geology 204 Natural Disasters
tsunamis Univ. Washington Tsunami Information.geology 204. Natural Disasters. Fall, 2002. Prof. Stephen A. Nelson.Course
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/

Extractions: Geology 204 Natural Disasters Fall, 2002 Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Course Description An examination of the causes, effects, and options available to mitigate natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, subsidence, flooding, severe weather, and meteorite impacts. Follow the links below to material related to this course. New links will be added throughout the semester, so check back with this page often. Send e-mail to Prof. Nelson: snelson@tulane.edu Return to Topics List Lecture Notes Note: Two versions of each set of lecture notes are shown in the table below. The first is in html format, optimized for viewing on the Web. You can print this version directly from your Web browser, but there is no guarantee that the pages will break where they are supposed to, since each person's browser can be set up differently (margins, fonts, font sizes, etc.). The PDF (Portable Document Format) versions of the lecture notes are optimized for printing. All page breaks should occur correctly. If your web browser has the proper plug-in installed, clicking on the PDF will bring the file into your web browser from which you can then print the notes. If the plug-ins are not installed, your web browser will either attempt to download the PDF files or offer to send you to the Adobe web site to download the plug-ins for your browser. If you choose to download the PDF format lecture notes you will still need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print the files. This and further information about the browser plug-ins can be obtained by clicking on the icon below.
Geology In The News - Kurt Friehauf
Minerals and mineral resources. Geoarcheology. Mars, our Moon, and Planetary geology.Earthquakes, tsunamis, and Geophysics. Volcanoes. Dinosaurs and Paleontology.
http://faculty.kutztown.edu/friehauf/geo_news/

Extractions: Geology in the News Kurt C. Friehauf Misc. Recent Headlines Amazing rocks and the History of the Earth Glaciers Paleoclimate and modern climate ... Geology in the news archives New Report Explains Ice-Age Mystery Oil Prices Spike - Hear about frozen natural gas? Why Did Global Warming Take Hold As World Concern? ... Global Warming Episode Between Paleocene And Eocene (Rapid global warming 55 million years ago with major changes in plant and animal life Undergrad Finds Clues to 400- Million-Year-Old Mystery Life's early 'footprint' - one of the oldest fossils known Future volcanic eruptions may cause Arctic ozone hole ... Antarctica Gives Mixed Signals on Warming 'Green' satellite calls home Earth Kills 250,000 People A Year Did mammals spread out from an Asian Eden? Study: Big Mammals Had Asian Roots ... Undergrad Finds Clues to 400- Million-Year-Old Mystery A great leap backwards Rare Rocks Offer A Unique Glimpse Of The Earth's Core Earthquakes, Volcanoes Tied to Species Diversity? ... Geophysicists Sort Out Weird Wave Behavior Near Earth's Core Arctic ice 'melting from below' World's Purest Water Can Be Explored Without Contamination Researchers Describe Overall Water Balance In Subglacial Lake Vostok ... Loess is more Color Of Ocean Yields Global Warming Clues Color Of Ocean Yields Global Warming Clues New Report Explains Ice-Age Mystery ... Antarctica Key To Sudden Sea Level Rise In The Past Water, floods, and water resources
Geology In The News - Kurt Friehauf
geology in the News. Earthquakes, tsunamis, and Geophysics stories.Kurt C. Friehauf. Earthquakes, tsunamis, and Things Geophysical.
http://faculty.kutztown.edu/friehauf/geo_news/geophysics_news.html

Extractions: Geology in the News Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Geophysics stories Kurt C. Friehauf Geophysicists Sort Out Weird Wave Behavior Near Earth's Core North Magnetic Pole could be leaving Canada New Supercontinent Dubbed Columbia Once Ruled Earth Inner Earth May Hold More Water Than the Seas ... NASA Unveils New "Natural Hazards" Web Site - February 1, 2002 direct link to NASA Natural Hazards site New Quake Maps Focus on Orange County Danger Zones Mountains snapped from space Researchers Investigate Mysteries Of The African Rift ... Just How Old Is The Tibetan Plateau? - August 13, 2001 ( Brad Hacker story Few signs remain of quake, if you don't count the people - July 28, 2001 Polar Wander and the Cambrian Earthquake rocks Greece - July 26, 2001 All Earthquake Fault Lines Not Equal Earthquake in Perú Earthquake rocks Peru - June 24, 2001 Peruvian president surveys quake damage - June 24, 2001 Rescuers search for Peru quake survivors - June 24, 2001 In pictures: Peru quake - June 24, 2001
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
earthquake and accompanying tsunamis to strike the Pacific Northwest on 26 January,1700, and to discuss the past 15 years of earthquake geology research on
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/scitech/research/geology/

Extractions: Latest Quakes For Kids Only Regional Websites HOME ... Apply for an Internship at USGS Earthquake Geology and Paleoseismology USGS and university geologists study the walls of a trench across a recently discovered strand of the Seattle fault Earthquake geology in the broad sense is the study of the history, effects, and mechanics of earthquakes within and on the Earth's crust. Most often, earthquake geology is synonymous with active tectonics , a term used to describe the study of tectonic movements that are expected to occur within a future time span of concern to society. Such definitions overlap considerably with other research topics on this site, such as Crustal Deformation, Seismology and Earth Structure, and Strong Motion and Site Response. Important aspects of earthquake geology include the study of tectonic landforms on the Earth's surface and folds and faults within its crust produced by many earthquakes over thousands to millions of years. To learn more about ongoing research in earthquake geology subscribe to the EQ-GEO-NET listserver at the Geological Survey of Japan.
Impact Geology, Chemistry And Physics
Back to the Contents. The geology of Impacts. This would result in thedisplacement of huge amounts water and probably create tsunamis.
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Communication/Brana/impact.html

Extractions: Introduction The Physics of Impacts The Chemistry of Impacts The Geology of Impacts ... Some Interesting Websites When the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet hit the planet Jupiter in 1994 the heat released could be detected by astronomers on Earth. It is thought that throughout Earth's history, there have been similar impacts by various comets and asteroids . The best documented case of recent years occured in 1908, when the Tunguska comet exploded just prior to an impact in Siberia, causing destruction over an area approximately 30km in diameter. In photographs of the moon it is often quite easy to pick out the circular depressions which are thought to be a result of impacts. On Earth, such craters are more difficult to identify due to the effects of erosion and weathering, cover by vegetation or younger rocks and the destructive effect of plate tectonics . However, impact craters can be identified by consideration of not only their shape, but also by unique geological, chemical and physical characteristics. To date, approximately 150 impact structures have been identified on Earth's surface. These have often been identified using
Geology Links
that has ravaged the sea since 49 BC All About tsunamis another tell all adventureSavage tsunamis- waves of distruction- surf's up geology Hazards Slides
http://cathylaw.com/geologylinks.html

Extractions: What's Up Earth Science News Research Links Hot Sites Astronomy Environment Geology Meteorology Student Pages Activities/Notes Assignments Regents Info Other links Surf On!! Search Engines There's No Place Like ... HOME Send mail to Cathy Law Mailbox Atlas of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Minerals and Textures - cross sections of minerals and rocks
Geology 105 Hazards
Marine Hazards Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and tsunamis. Main Menu. Sendto Don Reed. Department of geology. San José State University.
http://geosun1.sjsu.edu/~dreed/onset/eqvolc.html

Extractions: Main Menu A good place to start learning about plate tectonics is through the material covered in the CD-ROM Introduction to Plate Tectonics by Tasa Graphics . The information presented on this WWW page is supplemental to the material on this CD. Likewise, the distribution and timing of earthquakes and volcanoes on the sea floor can be studied in great detail with the software Seismic/Eruption, which can be downloaded for free from Alan Jones H azard - "risk, peril, danger, jeopardy" Earthquake Hazards in the Bay Area
NC Museum Of Natural Sciences - Fun Stuff: FAQ Pages: Tsunamis
A good general FAQ on tsunamis comes from the Federal Emergency Management Agency ofthe edge of the continent at the Museum on the geology Overlook interactive
http://www.naturalsciences.org/funstuff/faqs/tsunami.html

Extractions: by Chris Tacker, Curator of Geology What is a tsunami? What is down there, offshore of North Carolina? Why do scientists think a tsunami is a hazard for the North Carolina coast? When did the Albemarle-Currituck slide take place? ... Cool Links What is a tsunami? Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning "harbor wave." A common English phrase is "tidal wave" although tsunamis are not a result of tides. They are giant sea waves. A good general FAQ on tsunamis comes from the Federal Emergency Management Agency . It is also available in .pdf format What is down there, offshore of North Carolina? In terms of plate tectonics, the Atlantic Coast is a passive margin . It is not undergoing any collisions, like the West Coast, and it is not tearing apart like a rift zone. Ever since Africa pulled away about 200 million years ago, the edge of North America has cooled and subsided, with layers of sediment piling up on top of it. Rather than layers like a cake, these layers generally resemble wedges, with the thin part pointed at the land, and the thick part pointing offshore. We know a good bit about whats down there from seismic surveys, sidescan sonar, satellite telemetry and from offshore drilling. These sediments are often hosts to petroleum deposits. Underneath Cape Hatteras, the pile of sediments is nearly 10,000 feet thick. Sediments are present that date back to the Jurassic. Under Cape Fear, the sediments are only about 1,500 feet thick. The sediments here date back to the Cretaceous.
Browsing Science Earth Sciences Geology Geologic Hazards Tsunami Category
Browse Science Earth Sciences geology Geologic Hazards Tsunami Preparedness Informationbrochures, reports and firsthand accounts of past tsunamis, and other
http://www.uksprite.com/search/search/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Geologic_Ha

Extractions: WebSearch Low-cost advertising at UKSprite Join Login @UK.Sprite Home Latest Headlines UK Weather World Weather ... UK Travel Guide Fun TV Guide Lotto e-Greetings Mobile Fun Communicate Email Login Get Free Email Free Text Messages Lifestyle Horoscopes Dating Recipes Health Shop DVD's Books Videos More... Deals Auctions Classified Ads Site Map
Browsing Science Earth Sciences Geology Geologic Hazards Tsunami Warning Centers
Top Science Earth Sciences geology Geologic Hazards Tsunami WarningCenters. tsunamis About.com Annotated collection of links and articles
http://www.uksprite.com/search/search/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Geologic_Ha

Extractions: WebSearch Low-cost advertising at UKSprite Join Login @UK.Sprite Home Latest Headlines UK Weather World Weather ... UK Travel Guide Fun TV Guide Lotto e-Greetings Mobile Fun Communicate Email Login Get Free Email Free Text Messages Lifestyle Horoscopes Dating Recipes Health Shop DVD's Books Videos More... Deals Auctions Classified Ads Site Map
Science: Earth Sciences: Geology: Geologic Hazards: Tsunami: Warning Centers - W
3. About.com Weather tsunamis Links and the latest information includingadvisories, physics of tsunamis, and research references.
http://www.worldsearch.com/dp.lisa/en/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Geologic_Ha

Extractions: Looking for a better Internet Service Provider? Try 1 month free unlimited MSN Internet Access Did you know ? You can surf up to 50 times faster with a DSL access Saturday, April 12, 2003 Famous Birthday: Claire Danes Search For : What: In: Web Sites Shopping Books Used Books Calendars Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Used CDs VHS DVD Used DVDs/Videos Software Video Games Used Video Games Computers Electronics Toys Baby Outdoor Living Kitchen Auto Auctions SHOP: 2003 Calendars Autos Sports Gifts ... Shopping Guide FINANCING: Credit Cards Real Estate Loans FIND: Careers Personals Find People INTERNET: Access (ISP) Free Email Hosting Domain Registration ... Rings COMPUTER: Software Hardware Virus Protection Warning Centers World Wide Web Add site Update site The following results are from the World Wide Web and may contain objectionable material that Newave does not endorse. If you have a legitimate complaint against one or more of the following sites, do not hesitate to contact us Tsunami Forecasts Hawaii (Ewa Beach);Tokyo, Japan; Hong Kong; Yuzno-Sakhalinsk; Palmer, Alaska

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