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This digital document is an article from Encyclopedia of Philosophy, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 513 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Explores major marketing and advertising campaigns from 1999-2006. Entries profile recent print, radio, television, billboard and Internet campaigns. Each essay discusses the historical context of the campaign, the target market, the competition, marketing strategy, and the outcome. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Paul Hindemith (16 November 1895 ? 28 December 1963) was a German composer, violist, violinist, teacher, music theorist and conductor. Born in Hanau, near Frankfurt, Hindemith was taught the violin as a child. He entered Frankfurt's Hoch?sche Konservatorium, where he studied violin with Adolf Rebner, as well as conducting and composition under Arnold Mendelssohn and Bernhard Sekles. At first he supported himself by playing in dance bands and musical-comedy outfits. He became deputy leader of the Frankfurt Opera Orchestra in 1914, and was promoted to leader in 1917. He played second violin in the Rebner String Quartet from 1914. In 1921 he founded the Amar Quartet, playing viola, and extensively toured Europe. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem ( 22. November 1709 in Osnabrück; ? 2. September 1789 in Braunschweig), auch ?Abt Jerusalem? genannt, war ein deutscher protestantischer Theologe.Jerusalem wuchs als Sohn eines evangelischen Pastors in Osnabrück auf. Nach dem Tod des Vaters 1726 studierte er Theologie in Leipzig und Wittenberg, wo er 1731 die Magisterprüfung ablegte. Es folgte ein zweijähriger Aufenthalt in Holland. Jerusalem kehrte 1734 nach Deutschland zurück, wo er bis 1737 eine Hofmeisterstelle in Göttingen bekleidete. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Johann Peter Beaulieu de Marconnay, also Jean Pierre Beaulieu de Marconnay, (26 October 1725 - 22 December 1819) was an Austrian military officer. He joined the Austrian army and fought against the Prussians during the Seven Years War. A cultured man, he later battled Belgian rebels and earned promotion to general officer. During the French Revolutionary Wars he fought against the French and attained high command. In 1796, a young Napoleon Bonaparte won some of his first victories against an army led by Beaulieu. He was the Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment until his death. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Abtnaundorf ist ein Leipziger Stadtteil im Nordosten der Stadt. Es bildet verwaltungsmäßig zusammen mit einem Teil von Schönefeld den Ortsteil Schönefeld-Abtnaundorf im Stadtbezirk Nordost. Abtnaundorf liegt etwa 4,5 Kilometer vom Stadtzentrum Leipzigs entfernt in der Flussaue der Parthe. Es wird umgrenzt von Schönefeld, Mockau und Thekla. Naundorf war ein altes Dorf mit Gut, das im 13. Jahrhundert an das Peterskloster Merseburg kam und so das ?Abt? im Namen erhielt. Das Kloster verpachtete das Gut mehrfach, das dann mitunter den Namen des Pächters annahm (Wognaundorff). ... Read more

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Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel (* 5. Dezember 1809 in Biendorf bei Neubukow; † 8. September 1872 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Archivar, Historiker und Politiker. Er war der Sohn des Pastors Johann Christian Conrad Riedel und dessen Ehefrau Amalia Maria Caroline geb. Joergens. Adolph Friedrich Riedel heiratete 1834 Pauline Hoefer (1816-1889), eine Cousine der Brüder Albert Hoefer und Edmund Hoefer. Seine Tochter Emma Clara Helene, eine begnadete Pianistin und Schülerin von Franz Liszt, heiratete den hochdekorierten preußischen Offizier Otto Friedrich Ferdinand von Görschen. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein, born Johann Baptist Joseph Adam Johann Nepomuk Aloys Franz de Paula (Vienna, 26 June 1760 - Vienna, 20 April 1836) was the Prince of Liechtenstein between 1805 and 1806 and again from 1814 until 1836. He was the last Liechtenstein prince to rule under the Holy Roman Empire between 1805 and 1806 and as regent of Liechtenstein from 1806 until 1814. He was the fourth son of Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Johannes Matthaeus Wacker von Wackenfels (1550 - 1619) "was an active diplomat, scholar and author, with an avid interest in history and philosophy. A follower of Neostoicism, he sought to resolve the doubts he still had about his conversion to Catholicism", according to STUDIA RUDOLPHINA - Bulletin of the Research Center for Visual Arts and Culture in the Age of Rudolf II.He was born in Konstanz (Constance) and studied in Strasbourg, Geneva and Padua. He wrote courtly poems and his manuscripts contain many philological and historical studies (examples:- "Dissertatio de nummo Ptolomaei" - which he also illustrated, presently held at the Öesterreichische Nationalbiliothek in Vienna, various philosophical treatises and "De cruce et fruce veterum" - known only from correspondence). ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Jan Fryderyk oder Johann Friedrich Bachstrom, (* 24. Dezember 1686 bei Rawicz (deutsch: Rawitsch); † Juni 1742 in Njaswisch) war ein lutherischer Theologe, Mediziner, Techniker, Schriftsteller und Pädagoge. Sein letztes Lebensjahrzehnt verbrachte er in der niederländischen Stadt Leiden. In verschiedenen Quellen wird er auch Bachstroem oder Bachstrohm genannt. Bachstrom publizierte zumeist in lateinisch, deutsch oder französisch und passte dabei die Schreibweise seiner Vornamen, mit Joannis Friderici oder Jean-Frédéric, der jeweils verwendeten Sprache an. Da er seine bekanntesten Schriften in Leiden veröffentlichte, wird er bisweilen auch als niederländischer Autor beschrieben. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. His interests were sufficiently broad that he can be classified as a polymath. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), he also wrote many essays and aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was born of a Corsican father and Genoese mother in Sète, a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Hérault, but he was raised in Montpellier, a larger urban center close by. After a traditional Roman Catholic education, he studied law at university, then resided in Paris for most of the remainder of his life, where he was, for a while, part of the circle of Stéphane Mallarmé. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Walter Karl Johann Roepke (Hohensalza , 1882 - 1961 , Wageningen ) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera and ColeopteraRoepke was educated in the University of Berlin and the University of Zürich where he took his Ph.Dr's degree in 1907. From 1908-1911 he was on the staff of the Experiment Station at Salatiga, in Java becoming Acting Diector in 1911-12 and Director from 1912-18 .From 1918-19 he was Entomologist at the Institute for Plant Diseases, Buitenzorg and from 1919 he was Professor at the Agricultural College, Wageningen. He retired in 1953. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Die Abtei Averbode ist eine Prämonstratenser-Abtei in Averbode, einer Teilgemeinde der flämischen Stadt Scherpenheuvel-Zichem. 1134-1135 wurde die Liebfrauen-und-Johannes-der-Täufer-Abtei von Arnold II., dem Grafen von Loon, gestiftet.Die Ausdehnung des Abteigeländes erfolgte erst ab 1147.Durch geschicktes Wirtschaften erlebte die Abtei Averbode Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts eine Blütezeit, die noch das gesamte 14. Jahrhundert andauerte. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Physiognomy is the assessment of a person's character or personality from their outer appearance, especially the face. The term physiognomy can also refer to the general appearance of a person, object or terrain, without reference to its implied characteristics. The credence of such study has varied from time to time. The practice was well-accepted by the ancient Greek philosophers but fell into disrepute in the Middle Ages when practiced by vagabonds and mountebanks. It was then revived and popularised by Johann Kaspar Lavater before falling from favour again in the 20th century. ... Read more