21. Quotation By John W Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) John W Strutt (lord rayleigh) (1842 1919). Examples which mightbe multiplied ad libitum, show how difficult it often is for http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Quotations2/1112.html

John W Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) Examples ... which might be multiplied ad libitum , show how difficult it often is for an experimenter to interpret his results without the aid of mathematics. Quoted in E T Bell Men of Mathematics

22. Lord Rayleigh lord rayleigh (18421919, born John William Strutt) http://maple.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/rayleigh0.html

Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919, born John William Strutt) Density of Nitrogen Nature , 512 (1892) [from Scientific Papers , vol IV (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Press, 1903)] I am much puzzled by some recent results as to the density of nitrogen, and shall be obliged if any of your chemical readers can offer suggestions as to the cause. According to two methods of preparation I obtain quite distinct values. The relative difference, amounting to about 1/1000 part, is small in itself, but it lies entirely outside the errors of experiment, and can only be attributed to a variation in the character of the gas. In the first method the oxygen of atmospheric air is removed in the ordinary way by metallic copper, itself reduced by hydrogen from the oxide. The air, freed from CO by potash , gives up its oxygen to copper heated in hard glass over a large Bunsen, and then passes over about a foot of red-hot copper in a furnace. This tube was used merely as an indicator, and the copper in it remained bright throughout. The gas then passed through a wash-bottle containing sulphuric acid, thence again through the furnace over copper oxide , and finally over sulphuric acid, potash and phosphoric anhydride.

23. Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh Winner Of The 1904 Nobel Prize In Physics lord JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT rayleigh. Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitorsadd your own link The Life of lord rayleigh (submitted by Jack Donaldson); http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1904a.html

L ORD J OHN W ILLIAM S TRUTT R AYLEIGH 1904 Nobel Laureate in Physics for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies. Background Residence: Great Britain Affiliation: Royal Institution of Great Britain, London Featured Internet Links Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors The Life of Lord Rayleigh (submitted by Jack Donaldson) text of lecture on discovery of argon (submitted by Carmen Giunta Lord Rayleigh - the Last of the Great Victorian Polymaths (submitted by by A.T.Humphrey, GEC-Marconi Research Centre. As published in GEC REVIEW, Volume 7, No. 3, 1992. Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh - Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Lord Rayleigh – Nobel Lecture (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Nobel population 1901-50: anatomy of a scientific elite (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

24. John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) John William Strutt (lord rayleigh). http://www.chemie.uni-bremen.de/stohrer/biograph/rayleigh.htm

John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh)

25. Campus-germany.de - Nachrichten - Bestätigung Für Lord Rayleigh (14.02.2003) Translate this page Nachrichten, Die Ilmenauer Umweltphysiker beim Gewitter-Experiment, Bestätigungfür lord rayleigh (14.02.2003), Bestätigung für lord rayleigh (14.02.2003), http://www.campus-germany.de/german/10.1290.1.1.html

Forum Lexikon Sitemap Impressum ... Promotion Tour Nachrichten Die Ilmenauer Umweltphysiker beim Gewitter-Experiment Bestätigung für Lord Rayleigh (14.02.2003) Physiker der Technischen Universität Ilmenau haben erstmals mit einem Spezialmikroskop direkt beobachtet, was bei einem Gewitter in den Wolken auf mikroskopischer Ebene geschieht. In ihrem Experiment setzten die Ilmenauer Physiker winzige Flüssigkeitstropfen unter elektrische Spannung. Wie die Wissenschaftler im Fachjournal "Nature" berichten, werden Tropfen unter Strom keineswegs einfach zerfetzt oder verdampft. Hingegen verformen sie sich zu einer Ellipse, an deren beiden Polen sich Strahlen ("Jets") aus etwa 100 Mini-Tröpfchen bilden. Mit ihren Beobachtungen bestätigen die Forscher die 1882 aufgestellte Theorie des Naturforschers und Strömungsexperten Lord Rayleigh, nach der Tropfen im elektrischen Feld "Jets" bilden. Um geladene Tropfen zu produzieren, verwendeten die Umweltphysiker um Prof . Thomas Leisner in ihren Experimenten Ethylenglykol. Die mit Hilfe einer besonderen Düse erzeugten geladenen Tropfen wurden mit einer Blitzlampe belichtet. Im Mikroskop zeigte sich, dass die Flüssigkeit mit steigender Spannung zunächst von der Kugelform in eine elliptische Gestalt wechselt. Nimmt die Energie weiter zu, bilden sich an beiden Enden der Ellipse die Tröpfchen-Jets. Das Jet-Prinzip findet bereits seit längerer Zeit technische Verwendung, obwohl es bisher noch nie beobachtet wurde. Auf ihm beruht etwa die Elektrospray-Ionisation, ein Verfahren, bei dem große Biomoleküle aus chemischen Lösungen gewonnen werden, indem die Flüssigkeit durch wiederholte Jetbildung gewissermaßen in ihre Bestandteile zerlegt wird.

26. Campus-germany.de - Nachrichten - Bestätigung Für Lord Rayleigh (14.02.2003) Translate this page Nachrichten, Die Ilmenauer Umweltphysiker beim Gewitter-Experiment, Bestätigungfür lord rayleigh (14.02.2003), Physiker der Technischen http://www.campus-germany.de/german/10.1290.1.35.html

Forum Lexikon Sitemap Impressum ... Promotion Tour Nachrichten Die Ilmenauer Umweltphysiker beim Gewitter-Experiment Bestätigung für Lord Rayleigh (14.02.2003) Physiker der Technischen Universität Ilmenau haben erstmals mit einem Spezialmikroskop direkt beobachtet, was bei einem Gewitter in den Wolken auf mikroskopischer Ebene geschieht. In ihrem Experiment setzten die Ilmenauer Physiker winzige Flüssigkeitstropfen unter elektrische Spannung. Wie die Wissenschaftler im Fachjournal "Nature" berichten, werden Tropfen unter Strom keineswegs einfach zerfetzt oder verdampft. Hingegen verformen sie sich zu einer Ellipse, an deren beiden Polen sich Strahlen ("Jets") aus etwa 100 Mini-Tröpfchen bilden. Mit ihren Beobachtungen bestätigen die Forscher die 1882 aufgestellte Theorie des Naturforschers und Strömungsexperten Lord Rayleigh, nach der Tropfen im elektrischen Feld "Jets" bilden. Um geladene Tropfen zu produzieren, verwendeten die Umweltphysiker um Prof . Thomas Leisner in ihren Experimenten Ethylenglykol. Die mit Hilfe einer besonderen Düse erzeugten geladenen Tropfen wurden mit einer Blitzlampe belichtet. Im Mikroskop zeigte sich, dass die Flüssigkeit mit steigender Spannung zunächst von der Kugelform in eine elliptische Gestalt wechselt. Nimmt die Energie weiter zu, bilden sich an beiden Enden der Ellipse die Tröpfchen-Jets. Das Jet-Prinzip findet bereits seit längerer Zeit technische Verwendung, obwohl es bisher noch nie beobachtet wurde. Auf ihm beruht etwa die Elektrospray-Ionisation, ein Verfahren, bei dem große Biomoleküle aus chemischen Lösungen gewonnen werden, indem die Flüssigkeit durch wiederholte Jetbildung gewissermaßen in ihre Bestandteile zerlegt wird.

27. Rayleigh Scattering - Wikipedia rayleigh scattering (named after lord rayleigh) is the scatteringof light by particles smaller than the wavelength of the light. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Rayleigh scattering From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rayleigh scattering (named after Lord Rayleigh ) is the scattering of light by particles smaller than the wavelength of the light. It occurs when light travels in transparent solids and liquids, but is most prominently seen in gases. Rayleigh scattering of sunlight from particles in the atmosphere is the reason why the sky is blue The amount of Rayleigh scattering that occurs to a beam of light is dependent upon the size of the particles and the wavelength of the light; in particular, the intensity of the scattered light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. This means that

28. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - Lord Rayleigh (John lord rayleigh was a British physicist and mathematician who worked in many disciplinesincluding electromagnetics, physical optics, and sound wave theory. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/rayleigh.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) Lord Rayleigh was a British physicist and mathematician who worked in many disciplines including electromagnetics, physical optics, and sound wave theory. The criteria he defined still act as the limits of resolution of a diffraction-limited optical instrument. Rayleigh wrote over 446 scientific papers, but is perhaps best known for his discovery of the inert gas argon, which earned him a Nobel Prize. Born John William Strutt, Rayleigh inherited his title when his father died in 1873. Although he was to become the third Baron of Rayleigh, as a young child he was slow to show eminence. He was the eldest of seven children and was almost three years old before he began speaking. Rayleigh's childhood and early education at Eton and Harrow were frequently disrupted by poor health. Hailing from a long line of landowners, Rayleigh was not raised in a scientific family and his predilection for the field was unexpected. At Cambridge University, however, Rayleigh exhibited strong promise in mathematics and an avocation for photography. He became the top member of his class under the tutelage of Edward Routh, a famous applied mathematician, and then a fellow at Trinity College in 1866. During his undergraduate years, Rayleigh was heavily influenced and inspired by George Stokes, who was a Lucasian professor of mathematics. After graduation, Rayleigh married the sister of the future Prime Minister, Lord Arthur Balfour, and together they had three sons, the eldest of which would eventually follow his father's scientific path.

29. Lord Rayleigh: Active Nitrogen lord rayleigh's experiments with active nitrogen yielded anomalous excess energy,circa 1940. lord rayleigh's Experiments with Active Nitrogen. Robert A. Nelson. http://www.rexresearch.com/articles/activen.htm

rexresearch.com Home Catalog Links Order Lord Rayleigh's Experiments with Active Nitrogen Robert A. Nelson In the 1930s and 40s, Lord Rayleigh reported to the Royal Society of London about his experiments with active (electrically excited) nitrogen and other gases. In 1940, he gave an account of his discovery of the anomalous energy released by active nitrogen at reduced pressure. He explained the anomaly in the abstract of his second paper published on the subject in 1940, thus: "The amount of energy collected from the gas was surprisingly large, and is difficult to reconcile with existing theories of the nature of active nitrogen. In some cases the energy was as high as 10 eV for every molecule of nitrogen that passed through the discharge. [Later research raised the energy level up to 223 eV/mol.] This quantity of energy can with difficulty be accounted for by dissociation, even if it occurred to the extent of 100%." In addition, he showed that "pieces of sheet gold, copper, silver or platinum may be made red hot or even melted by exposing them to active nitrogen produced in a low-pressure discharge. The nitrogen gives up its energy to the metal, which remains unacted on... Gold was selected as the most active metal...." of the energy collected by the metal." This extra energy was about 1000 times the amount radiated by active nitrogen alone under the most favorable experimental conditions he devised.

30. Adventures In CyberSound: Strutt, John William (Lord Rayleigh) ADVENTURES in CYBERSOUND. John William Strutt (lord rayleigh) 1842 1919. lord rayleigh - the Last of the Great Victorian Polymaths. http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/RAYLEIGH_BIO.html

A D V E N T U R E S in C Y B E R S O U N D John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) : 1842 - 1919 By far, the most extensive information on Rayleigh is at the GEC Website Lord Rayleigh - the Last of the Great Victorian Polymaths by A. T. HUMPHREY, C.Eng., M.I.Mech.E., M.I.Struct.E., A.F.I.M.A. GEC-Marconi Research Centre As published in GEC REVIEW, Volume 7, No. 3, 1992 otherwise ..read on... Physicist John William Strutt was born near Maldon, Essex. He studied at Cambridge, and was elected a fellow of Trinity College in 1866. He succeeded his father as third baron in 1873. He became professor of experimental physics at Cambridge (1879-84), professor of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution, London (18881905), and president of the Royal Society (1905-08). His work included valuable studies and research on vibratory motion, the theory of sound, and the wave theory of light (Rayleigh scattering). With Sir William Ramsay he was the discoverer of argon (1894). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904, and became Chancellor of Cambridge University in 1908. Source: Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia In January 2000 I received the following eMail regarding John William Strutt's brother, Edward Gerald. It is reproduced here with the permission of the author

31. Agnes Pockels: Letter To Lord Rayleigh rayleigh, March 2. Brunswick, January 10. My lord, Will you kindly excusemy venturing to trouble you with a German letter on a scientific subject? http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/articles/pockels/pockels.html

WELCOME TO THE CWP SITE AT UCLA Nature, March 12 1891 Surface Tension I shall be obliged if you can find space for the accompanying translation of an interesting letter which I have received from a German lady, who with very homely appliances has arrived at valuable results respecting the behaviour of contaminated water surfaces. The earlier part of Miss Pockel's letter covers nearly the same ground as some of my own recent work, and in the main harmonizes with it. The later sections seem to me very suggestive, raising, if they do not fully answer, many important questions. I hope soon to find opportunity for repeating some of Miss Pockels' experiments. - RAYLEIGH, March 2. Brunswick, January 10. My lord, Will you kindly excuse my venturing to trouble you with a German letter on a scientific subject? Having heard of the fruitful researches carried on by you last year on the hitherto little understood properties of water surfaces, I thought it might interest you to know of my own observations on the subject. For various reasons I am not in a position to publish them in scientific periodicals, and I therefore adopt this means of communicating to you the most important of them. First, I will describe a simple method, which I have employed for several years, for increasing or diminishing the surface of a liquid in any proportion, by which its purity may be altered at pleasure.

32. Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Physics at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. He was the authorof lord rayleigh The Man and His Work (1970). BIBLIOGRAPHY. http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/495_84.html

33. Lord Rayleigh lord rayleigh verstarbam 30. Juni 1919 in Terling Place Whit- ham, Essex, England. http://sensorik.upb.de/forschung/saw/strutt.html

John William Strutt, dritter Baron Rayleigh wurde am 12. Novem- ber 1842 in Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex als Sohn von John James Strutt, dem zweitem Baron, und seiner Mutter Clara Elisabeth La Touche geboren. Er war einer der wenigen des britischen Hochadel, der Berühmtheit durch eine herausragende Tätigkeit als Wissenschaftler erlangte. Obwohl er in seiner Kindheit mit mit seiner schwachen physischen Konstitution zu kämpfen hatte und dadurch seine Ausbildung wie- derholt länger unterbrochen wurde, begann er 1861 am Trinity College Mathematik zu studieren. Schon nach kurzer Zeit zeich- neten sich aber seine außergewöhnlichen Fähigkeiten ab, so dass er seinen Abschluss 1965 mit Auszeichnung machte. In den Anfängen seiner Zeit als Wissenschaftler und Forscher beschäftigte er sich überwiegend mit mathematischen Problemen von optischen und schwingenden Systemen. Spätere Arbeiten deckten nahezu den gesamten Bereich der Physik ab, wie Akus- tik, Wellentheorie, Lichtstreuung, Elektromagnetismus, Strö- mungslehre, Hydrodynamik etc.. Seine sorgfältigen und heiklen Experimente führten zu Einrichtung der Standards Widerstand, Strom und elektromotorische Kraft. Es gab Veröffentlichungen über alle Forschungsgebiete darunter auch sein Buch "Theory of Sounds", das 1877-78 zweimal aufge- legt worden ist. 1879 folgte er James Clerk Maxwell als Profes- sor der Experimentalphysik nach Cambrigde. Den Nobelpreis für Physik erhielt er 1904 "für seine Untersuchungen über die Dich- te der wichtigsten Gase und seine im Zusammenhang damit ge- machten Entdeckung des Argons".

34. Lord Rayleigh of the argon made in the connection with it . lord rayleigh deceasedon 30 June 1919 in Terling Place Whitham, Essex, England. http://sensorik.upb.de/english/forschung/saw/strutt.html

John William Strutt, third baron Rayleigh became to 12. Novem- ber 1842 in Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex as a son of John James Strutt, the second baron, and his mother Clara Elizabeth La Touche born. It was one of the few British high aristocracy, which attained celebrity by an outstanding activity as a scientist. Although it had to also fight in its childhood with its weak physical constitution and thus its formation was that-gotten longer interrupted like, it began to study 1861 at the Trinity college mathematics. Already after short time drawing neten itself however its unusual abilities off, so that it made its termination 1965 with honor. In the starts of its time as scientists and a researcher busy it itself predominantly with mathematical problems of optical and swinging systems. Later work covered almost the entire field of physics, like acoustics, wellentheorie, light scattering, electromagnetism, science of flow, hydrodynamics etc.. Its careful and delicate experiments led to mechanism of the standards resistance, current and strength by electric motors. There was publications concerning all forschungsgebiete under it also its book "Theory OF sound ", which was presented 1877-78 twice. 1879 it followed James Clerk Maxwell as Profes sor experimental physics after Cambrigde. It kept 1904 its investigations more "fuer to the Nobelpreis for physics over the density the most important gases and its discovery of the argon made in the connection with it ".

35. Nature Publishing Group email thomas.leisner@TU-Ilmenau.de. References 1. rayleigh, lord Phil. Mag.14, 184-186 (1882). 2. Taylor, GI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 280, 383-397 (1964). http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v421/n6919/full/

36. Nature Publishing Group Article ISI . 6. rayleigh, lord Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 10, 413 (1879).7. Chandrasekhar, S. Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability (Oxford Univ. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v408/n6814/full/

37. Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh (1842 - 1919) Translate this page lord John William Strutt rayleigh (1842 - 1919). Mathématicien et physicien anglais,connu pour sa recherche dans le domaine des phénomènes ondulatoires. http://isimabomba.free.fr/biographies/chimistes/rayleigh.htm

Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh (1842 - 1919) M R R sir William Ramsay Ramsay LISTE HOME

38. RAYLEIGH JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT Lord (1842-1919) Translate this page rayleigh JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT lord (1842-1919). Physicien anglais,né à Langford Grove (Essex). John W. S. rayleigh entra en 1861 http://histoirechimie.free.fr/Lien/RAYLEIGH.htm

RAYLEIGH JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT lord (1842-1919) e Theory of Sound Non moins remarquables sont les deux longs articles " Optics " et " Wave Theory of Light " parus dans l’ Encyclopaedia Britannica e

39. John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh – Poslední Koryfej Klasické Fyziky John William Strutt, lord rayleigh – poslední koryfej klasické fyziky. M.Kucharski, MIKROKOM sro, Pod Vinicí 622, 143 00 Praha 4. 1/ lord rayleigh. http://www.fzu.cz/struktura/casopisy/cscasfyz/2002/01/ray.html

J ohn William Strutt, lord Rayleigh – poslední koryfej klasické fyziky M. Kucharski, MIKROKOM s.r.o., Pod Vinicí 622, 143 00 Praha 4 „Jediná zásluha, kterou si uvìdomuji, je, že jsem mìl potìšení ze svého badání, a jakékoli výsledky, které souvisejí s mými výzkumy, jsou následkem toho, že mi bylo potìšením stát se fyzikem“ [2]. Tato skromná slova vyslovil lord Rayleigh pøi pøevzetí vyznamenání za zásluhy Order of Merit . Fyzika byla pro nìj posláním, kterému se vìnoval z èisté touhy po poznání. Pocházel z bohaté rodiny, mohl si užívat pohodlného a rozmarného života bohatého šlechtice, volil však øeholi vìdy. Rayleigh (1842–1919) byl jednou z nejvýznamnìjších postav vìdy konce XIX. století a lze ho srovnávat s H. Helmholtzem, J. C. Maxwellem nebo lordem Kelvinem. Patøil do vzácné skupiny fyzikù, kteøí se stejnì svobodnì cítili jak v oblasti matematické fyziky, tak i v oblasti fyziky experimentální. Umožnilo mu to dosáhnout vynikajících pùvodních vìdeckých výsledkù. Kromì epochálního díla Teorie zvuku publikoval pøes 400 prací, které lze zaøadit do matematiky, obecné mechaniky, pružnosti pevných látek, vlastností plynù, kinetické teorie plynù, kapilarity, hydrodynamiky, akustiky, termodynamiky, magnetismu, elektøiny a optiky. Jeho jméno žije v mnoha termínech, napø. Rayleighùv rozptyl, Rayleighùv-Jeansùv zákon, Rayleighùv interferometr, Rayleighovo rozlišovací kritérium, Rayleighova vzdálenost nebo v seizmologii Rayleighova vlna. Dokázal pracovat na více problémech souèasnì a nebylo to na úkor kvality nebo hloubky jejich zpracování. Napøíklad bìhem tøíletého období, kdy došlo k objevu argonu, pøispìl do vìdecké literatury dvanácti èlánky pojednávajícími o interferenci a rozptylu svìtla, o telefonu a jeho technických problémech a provádìl také mìøení prahu slyšitelnosti.

40. Sito Web Italiano Per La Filosofia-LORD RAYLEIGH Translate this page lord rayleigh. La Repubblica-19 DICEMBRE 2000 Rivoluzioni Come lafisica di Max Planck cambiò il mondo. di PIERGIORGIO ODIFREDDI. http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/rassegna/rayleigh.htm

INDICE DEI NOMI LORD RAYLEIGH La Repubblica 19 DICEMBRE 2000 Rivoluzioni Come la fisica di Max Planck cambiò il mondo di PIERGIORGIO ODIFREDDI

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