21. [hep-th/9411110] The Life And Times Of Emmy Noether; Contributions Of E. Noether APA style "noether, emmy" Retrieved February 15, 2003, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/9411110

High Energy Physics - Theory, abstract hep-th/9411110 The Life and Times of Emmy Noether; contributions of E. Noether to particle physics Author: Nina Byers (Physics Dept., UCLA) Comments: Replacement file has typographical and bibliographic corrections Report-no: UCLA/94/TEP/42 The contributions of Emmy Noether to particle physics fall into two categories. One is given under the rubric of Noether's theorem, and the other may be described as her important contributions to modern mathematics. These are discussed along with an historical account of her work and what its impact has been. In addition a brief biography is given. (To be published in the Proceedings of the Int'l Conf. on The History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics, Erice, Italy, 29 July - 4 Aug., 1994.) Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted); CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Links to: arXiv hep-th find abs

22. Emmy Noether Intro A site dedicated to her work in physics and mathematics http://www.emmynoether.com/intro.htm

Free Web space and hosting - 20megsfree.com Emmy Noether Symmetry in Physics: Introduction Symmetry is a crucial concept in mathematics, chemistry, and biology. Its definition is also applicable to art, music, architecture and the innumerable patterns designed by nature, in both animate and inanimate forms. In modern physics, however, symmetry may be the most crucial concept of all. Fundamental symmetry principles dictate the basic laws of physics, control stucture of matter, and define the fundamental forces in nature. Some of the most famous mathematicians and physicists had this to say about symmetry: "I aim at two things: On the one hand to clarify, step by step, the philosophic-mathematical significance of the idea of symmetry and, on the other, to display the great variety of applications of symmetry in the arts, in inorganic and organic nature." Hermann Weyl (in his book "Symmetry") "Special relativity emphasizes, in fact is built on, Lorentz symmetry or Lorentz invariance, which is one of the most crucial concepts in 20th Century Physics." C. N. Yang (Nobel Laureate in Physics)

23. Emmy Noether: Creative Mathematical Genius It might be that emmy noether was designed for mathematical greatness. http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/noether.html

Contents Next Born: Erlangen, Germany, March 23, 1882 Died: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, April 14, 1935 Creative Mathematical Genius I t might be that Emmy Noether was designed for mathematical greatness. Her father Max was a math professor at the University of Erlangen. Scholarship was in her family; two of her three brothers became scientists as well. Emmy would surpass them all. Ultimately Max would become best known as Emmy Noether's father. Amalie Emmy Noether spent an average childhood learning the arts that were expected of upper middle class girls. Girls were not allowed to attend the college preparatory schools. Instead, she went to a general "finishing school," and in 1900 was certified to teach English and French. But rather than teaching, she pursued a university education in mathematics Noether worked at the Mathematical Institute of Erlangen, without pay or title, from 1908 to 1915. It was during this time that she collaborated with the algebraist Ernst Otto Fischer and started work on the more general, theoretical algebra for which she would later be recognized. She also worked with the prominent mathematicians Hermann Minkowski, Felix Klein, and David Hilbert, whom she had met at Göttingen. In 1915 she joined the Mathematical Institute in Göttingen and started working with Klein and Hilbert on Einstein's general relativity theory. In 1918 she proved two theorems that were basic for both general relativity and elementary particle physics. One is still known as "Noether's Theorem."

24. Noether_Emmy The woman responsible for connecting symmetry with physical lawsCategory Science Physics Quantum Mechanics People......emmy Amalie noether. Born 23 emmy noether's father Max noether was a distinguishedmathematician and a professor at Erlangen. Her mother http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Noether_Emmy.html

Emmy Amalie Noether Born: 23 March 1882 in Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany Died: 14 April 1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA Click the picture above to see nine larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Emmy Noether 's father Max Noether was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen. Her mother was Ida Kaufmann, from a wealthy Cologne family. Both Emmy's parents were of Jewish origin and Emmy was the eldest of their four children, the three younger children being boys. Hilbert Klein and Minkowski In 1904 Noether was permitted to matriculate at Erlangen and in 1907 was granted a doctorate after working under Paul Gordan Hilbert 's basis theorem of 1888 had given an existence result for finiteness of invariants in n variables. Gordan , however, took a constructive approach and looked at constructive methods to arrive at the same results. Noether's doctoral thesis followed this constructive approach of Gordan and listed systems of 331 covariant forms. Having completed her doctorate the normal progression to an academic post would have been the habilitation . However this route was not open to women so Noether remained at Erlangen, helping her father who, particularly because of his own disabilities, was grateful for his daughter's help. Noether also worked on her own research, in particular she was influenced by

25. References For Noether_Emmy References for emmy noether. EP noether and GE noether, emmy noether in Erlangenand Göttingen, emmy noether in Bryn Mawr (New YorkBerlin, 1983), 133-137. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Noether_Emmy.html

References for Emmy Noether Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: A Dick, Emmy Noether, (Basel, 1970). A Dick, Emmy Noether, 1882-1935 (Boston, 1981). A Dick, Emmy Noether: 1882-1935, Elem. Math. Beiheft (Basel, 1970). C Kimberling, Emmy Noether and her influence, in J W Brewer and M K Smith (eds.), Emmy Noether : A tribute to her life and work (New York, 1981). B Srinivasan and J Sally, Emmy Noether in Bryn Mawr (New York-Berlin, 1983). H Wussing, E Noether, in H Wussing and W Arnold, Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker (Berlin, 1983). Articles: N Byers, The Life and Times of Emmy Noether; contributions of E Noether to particle physics, in H B Newman and T Ypsilantis (eds) History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics (New York 1996). N Byers, E Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws, Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings P S Chee, Emmy Noether-an energetic washerwoman, Bull. Malaysian Math. Soc.

26. The History Of Algebra In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries Topics include the contribution of David Hilbert, the origins of emmy noether's work, the spread and development of this field in Europe and the US, as well as modern algebra in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Will take place at Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) on 2125 April 2003 in Berkeley, CA, USA. http://www.msri.org/calendar/workshops/WorkshopInfo/245/show_workshop

Calendar The History of Algebra in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries April 21, 2003 to April 25, 2003 Organized by: Jeremy J. Gray and Karen Hunger Parshall Historians of mathematics have come to focus seriously on the history of modern algebra only within the last twenty-five years. That history originally tended to be done from the very technical point of view of the history of ideas, an approach typified in, for example, Morris Kline's massive Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times (1972), although Kline tended to give algebra in general rather short shrift in that work. In 1985, B. L. van der Waerden provided a more synthetic and focused account in A History of Algebra from al-Khwarismi to Emmy Noether, but while this work incorporated some biographical and broader historical analysis, it presented the development of algebra as a series of rather disjointed mathematical vignettes instead of in terms of a coherent historical and mathematical analysis. To date, no work has been written on the history of algebra in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that ranges widely over the complex and interacting factors that led to modern algebra. Some of the topics the workshop will address are: the contribution of David Hilbert to modern algebra, his re-working of the ideas of Dedekind and Kronecker, and the role of his new formulation of the subject in guiding subsequent research;

27. Profiles Of Women In Mathematics: About Emmy Noether Provides an assessment of the German mathematician's career and her impact on the field. In 1935, the year of emmy noether's death, Albert Einstein wrote in a letter to the New York Times, "In the judgement of http://www.awm-math.org/noetherbrochure/AboutNoether.html

Emmy Noether (1882 - 1935) Previous Index Next In 1935, the year of Emmy Noether's death, Albert Einstein wrote in a letter to the New York Times, "In the judgement of the most competent living mathematicians, Fraulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began." Born in 1882 in Germany, Emmy Noether persisted in the face of tremendous obstacles to become one of the greatest algebraists of this century. Known primarily for her profound and beautiful theorems in ring theory, Emmy Noether's most significant achievement runs deeper: she changed the way mathematicians think about their subject. "She taught us to think in simple, and thus general, terms... homomorphic image, the group or ring with operators, the ideal... and not in complicated algebraic calculations," said her colleague P.S. Alexandroff during a memorial service after her death. In this way, she cleared a path toward the discovery of new algebraic patterns that had previously been obscured. Despite her intellectual achievements and the recognition of such mathematicians as David Hilbert and Hermann Weyl, Emmy Noether endured years of poor treatment by German universities, where for a time she could not even lecture under her own name. Weyl later wrote that, even when the Nazis prevented her from lecturing, "her courage, her frankness, her unconcern about her own fate, her conciliatory spirit, were, in the midst of all the hatred and meanness, despair and sorrow... a moral solace." Forced out of Germany by the Nazis in 1933, Emmy Noether came to Bryn Mawr College, where she soon collected many students and colleagues around her. She died there just two years later at the age of fifty-three.

28. AWM Noether Lectures About the emmy noether Lecture Series. The Association believed in. Her lifeand work remain a tremendous inspiration. The emmy noether Lecturers. http://www.awm-math.org/noetherlectures.html

//menuID = "index"; About the Series The Lecturers Call for Nominations About the Emmy Noether Lecture Series The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) annually presents the Emmy Noether Lectures to honor women who have made fundamental and sustained contributions to the mathematical sciences. These one-hour expository lectures are presented at the Joint Mathematics Meetings each January. Emmy Noether was one of the great mathematicians of her time, someone who worked and struggled for what she loved and believed in. Her life and work remain a tremendous inspiration. The Emmy Noether Lecturers Each lecturer has been profiled in a commemorative booklet Jean E. Taylor, 2003 Lenore Blum, 2002 Sun-Yung Alice Chang, 2001 ... F. Jessie MacWilliams, 1980 * Special Noether Lecture at International Congress of Mathematics Call for Nominations The letter of nomination should include a one page outline of the nominee's contribution to mathematics, giving four of her most important papers and other relevant information.

29. The Emmy Noether Lectures Table of Contents. Profiles of Women in Mathematics. The EmmyNoether Lectures. AWM. ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS. http://www.math.unl.edu/~awm/awm_folder/NoetherBrochure/Cover_Page.html

Table of Contents. Profiles of Women in Mathematics The Emmy Noether Lectures AWM ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS

30. Noether, Emmy The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/people/p_noether/

Noether, Emmy ·j´M E. Noether ªº¤H½t«Ü¦n¡A¤]«D±`·ÓÅU¾Ç¥Í¡A¦oªº¾Ç¥Í­Ì¾Ö¦³¤@­Ó¼ÊºÙ¢w¢w¡uNoether ªº¤p«Ä¡v¡CÁöµM¦oªº±Ð¾Ç·¥¬°ÄY®m¡A¦ý¬O±q¤¤Àò¯qªº¾Ç¥Í¡A³£¹ï¦o²×¨­ø§Ñ¡C ¹ï¥~·j´MöÁä¦r¡G ¡D Noether ¡D Hilbert ¡D Klein ¡D Minkowski ¡D ·R¦]´µ©Z ¡]¼¶½Z¡G¯Îª¤¯¢A¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t¡^ MacTutor ¡]­Y¦³«ü¥¿¡Bº°Ý¡K¡K¡A¥i¥H¦b¦¹ ¯d¨¥ ¼g«H µ¹§Ú­Ì¡C¡^ ¦Uºô­¶¤å³¹¤º®e¤§µÛ§@Åv¬°­ìµÛ§@¤H©Ò¦³ ½s¿è¡G¦¶¦w±j

31. Biographie: Emmy Noether, 1882-1935 Translate this page 1882-1935. Photo emmy noether. emmy noether. März Amalie emmy noether wird inErlangen als Tochter des Mathematikers Max noether und seiner Frau Ida (geb. http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/NoetherEmmy/

Emmy Noether Mathematikerin Sie wird Mitglied in der "Deutschen Mathematiker Vereinigung". Sie entwickelt ihre Theorie über Invarianten und Differentialvarianten, das "Noethersche Theorem". Da Frauen in der Weimarer Republik Ihre in der "Mathematischen Zeitschrift" publizierte Abhandlung "Moduln in nichtkommutativen Bereichen, insbesondere aus Differential- und Differenzen-Ausdrücken" macht sie als Mathematikerin bekannt. Sie setzt sich besonders mit der allgemeinen Idealtheorie, speziell in Ringbereichen, auseinander und entwickelt den "Noetherschen Ring". Nationalsozialisten Ihre wichtige Studie "Nichtkommutative Algebra" erscheint. 14. April: Emmy Noether stirbt in Bryn Mawr. (si/lh)

32. Exponat: Photo: Noether, Emmy Translate this page emmy noether Photographie http://www.dhm.de/lemo/objekte/pict/noether/

Emmy Noether Photographie

33. Noether, Emmy (1882-1935) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography noether, emmy (18821935), References. Kimberling, C. emmy noether, Mentors Colleagues. http//cedar.evansville.edu/~ck6/bstud/enmc.html. Teicher, M. (Ed.). http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/NoetherEmmy.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality American ... Women Noether, Emmy (1882-1935) 165200MacTutor German-American mathematician who showed that symmetry was intimately connected to integrals of motion. She also formalized the study of certain classes of rings Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews) Women Mathematicians References Kimberling, C. "Emmy Noether, Mentors & Colleagues." http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/enmc.html Teicher, M. (Ed.). The Heritage of Emmy Noether. Providence, RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1999. van der Waerden, B. L. A History of Algebra: From Al-Khwarizmi to Emmy Noether. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985. Author: Eric W. Weisstein

34. Encyclopædia Britannica noether, (Amalie) emmy Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLA style noether, emmy. Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=57438

35. Noether, Emmy (Amalie) noether, emmy (Amalie) (18821935). German mathematician who becameone of the leading figures in abstract algebra. Modern work in http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/N/Noether/1.html

Noether, Emmy (Amalie) German mathematician who became one of the leading figures in abstract algebra. Modern work in the field of a general theory of ideals dates from her papers of the early 1920s. Noether first made her mark as a mathematician with a paper 1920 on noncommutative fields (where the order in which the elements are combined affects the result). For the next few years she worked on the establishment and systematization of a theory of ideals, and introduced the concept of primary ideals. After 1927 she returned to the subject of noncommutative algebras, her chief investigations being conducted into linear transformations of noncommutative algebras and their structure.

36. Emmy Noether 1882 - 1935 Translate this page Leben und Werk der Mathematikerin. emmy noether. 1882 - 1935. noether, emmy GesammelteAbhandlungen, N. Jacobson (ed), Berlin - Heidelberg - New York, 1983. http://www.mathematik.ch/mathematiker/noether.php

Home Geschichte Mathematiker Zitate ... Suche Diese Seite wurde von http://wmax02.mathematik.uni-wuerzburg.de/Noether/ kopiert! Besten Dank! (B.Berchtold) Dokumentation zur Ausstellung: Leben und Werk der Mathematikerin Emmy Noether Texte: Herkunft und Schulzeit Wissenschaftliche Erfolge Abitur und Studium Diskriminierung ... Bildnachweis Herkunft und Schulzeit Amalie Emmy Noether wurde als das erste Kind jüdischer Eltern am 23. März 1882 in Erlangen geboren. Der Vater, Prof. Dr. Max Noether, ist Professor für Mathematik an der Universität; die Mutter ist Ida Noether, geb. Kaufmann. Emmy Noether hat drei jüngere Brüder. Sie besucht die Städtische Höhere Töchter-Schule in Erlangen. Nach privater Vorbereitung legt sie die Staatsprüfung für Lehrerinnen der französischen und englischen Sprache ab. Kampf um die Zulassung von Frauen zum Studium In dieser Zeit gibt es keine Gymnasien, an denen Mädchen zum Abitur geführt werden. Noch können sich Frauen nicht an deutschen Universitäten immatrikulieren. Aber die Diskussion um das Frauenstudium ist voll entbrannt. Immerhin haben die Frauen erreicht, daß sie als Gasthörerinnen Vorlesungen besuchen können, sofern der Dozent es erlaubt. Ob eine Gasthörerin eine Prüfung ablegen darf, hängt vom Wohlwollen des Prüfers ab. zurück zum Anfang Abitur und Studium Emmy Noether besucht (als eine von zwei Gasthörerinnen) Vorlesungen für Mathematik, Romanistik und Geschichte in Erlangen. Außerdem bereitet sie sich auf das Abitur vor.

37. Noether, Emmy noether, emmy. EMail Address krapfn@district96.w-cook.k12.il.us. NobelPrize in Mathematics Nominations! Specific project information http://www.district96.w-cook.k12.il.us/hauser/classpages/people/NoetherEmmy.html

Noether, Emmy E-Mail Address: krapfn@district96.w-cook.k12.il.us Nobel Prize in Mathematics Nominations! Specific project information can be found in the math folder found in the Hauser Hard Drive. Use the internet sites below to investigate one of the Mathematical Pleiades, seven women mathematicians whose achievements have helped shape mathematics of today. After you have answered the questions on your worksheet, your group will present your nomination for the newly formed Nobel Prize for Mathematics. Besides pertinent biographical information, your nomination must put your mathematician in historical perspecive and must explain why she is a member of the Mathematical Pleiades. Notices: Important dates: March 15: •e-sheet due April 15: •nominations due •posters due Noether About Noether Mathematicians Another biography ... Click here to update. Last updated on 3/18/02.

38. Noether_Emmy Amalie emmy noether. emmy noether is best known for her contributions to abstractalgebra, in particular, her study of chain conditions on ideals of rings. http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/physicist/Noether_Emmy.html

Amalie Emmy Noether March 23 1882 - April 14 1935 Born Erlangen, Germany. Died Bryn Mawr, USA. Welcome page Instructions Birthplace map Mathematicians of the day ... Previous (Chronologically) Next Chronological Index Previous ( Alphabetically) Next Alphabetical Index Emmy Noether is best known for her contributions to abstract algebra, in particular, her study of chain conditions on ideals of rings. Emmy Noether's father Max Noether Gordan , one of the leading mathematicians of the day. Hilbert and Felix Klein Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen (1921) was of fundamental importance in the development of modern algebra. In this paper she gave the decomposition of ideals into intersections of primary ideals in any commutative ring with ascending chain condition. Lasker (the world chess champion) had already proved this result for polynomial rings. Moderne Algebra in two volumes. The major part of the second volume consists of Noether's work. From 1927 on Noether collaborated with Helmut Hasse and Richard Brauer in work on non- commutative algebras. She also did important work in the theory of invariants, which led to formulations for several concepts of Einstein 's general theory of relativity.

39. Mathematicians Mandelbrot Fractal; noether, emmy; Pascal Pascal's Principle; Poincar?;Riemann NonEuclidian Geometry; Stokes Stokes's Theorem; http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/physicist/mathematician.html

Great Mathematicians Original Site: History of Mathematics Archive , St Andrews Univ., UK. Great Physicists Cartan Euclid Euler ... Fermat : Fermat's Theorem, Principle of Least Time etc. Fourier : Fourier Series Gauss : Gauss' Theorem, Gauss Law etc. Hermite : Hermitian Operator, Hermite Polynomial etc. Hilbert : Hilbert Space Legendre : Legendre Function Leibnitz : Calculus Leibnitz : Another Biography Mandelbrot : Fractal Noether, Emmy Pascal : Pascal's Principle Poincaré Riemann : Non-Euclidian Geometry Stokes : Stokes's Theorem Taylor : Taylor Expansion Weyl : Gauge Symmetry The following links are connected to the original place : History of Mathematics Archive , St Andrews Univ., UK. For the biographies of other mathematicians, try either Long Biographies or Short Biographies Abel Bessel : Bessel Function Bolyai : Non-Euclidian Geometry Boole : Boolean Algebra Des Cartes : Cartesian Coordinate Dirichlet : Dirichlet Boundary Condition Galois : Group Theory Kronecker : Kronecker delta Levi-Civita : Levi-Civita Symbol Lie : Lie Group Liouville Lobachevsky : Non-Euclidian Geometry Maclaurin : Maclaurin Series Mandelbrot : Fractal Markov Noether, Emmy

40. Emmy Noether Modern physics is largely defined by fundamental symmetry principles and noether's Theorem. It requires Category Science Physics Quantum Mechanics...... emmy noether Welcome to emmynoether.com. a website devoted to X. The Physicsand Symmetry of Chemistry. Biographical information about emmy noether. http://www.emmynoether.com/

Free Web space and hosting - 20megsfree.com Emmy Noether Welcome to EmmyNoether.com a website devoted to: Teaching Symmetry in the Introductory Physics Curriculum Authors: Prof. Christopher T. Hill, Theoretical Physics Department, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, MS. 106, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois, 60510, USA email: hill@fnal.gov Prof. Leon M. Lederman, Illinois Math and Science Academy Resident Scholar 1500 W. Sullivan Rd. Aurora, Ill. 60506-1000 email: lederman@fnal.gov Abstract Modern physics is largely defined by fundamental symmetry principles and Noether's Theorem. It requires little more than high school algebra to understand and manipulate these concepts. Yet these are not taught to beginning students, thus missing an opportunity to make the subject of physics seem as lively and contemporary as biology, and as beautiful as the arts. We prescribe a symmetry module to insert into the curriculum, of a few weeks length. We are conducting the experiment of using this module under battle conditions, and we are developing this web-site with lots of useful information, jokes, and spirited opinions and debate on the subject. The Homepage.

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