1. Malus Etienne Louis Malus. Born 23 July Etienne Louis Malus's father was LouisMalus de Mitry and was Treasurer of France. Etienne Louis was http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Malus.html

Etienne Louis Malus Born: 23 July 1775 in Paris, France Died: 24 Feb 1812 in Paris, France Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Etienne Louis Malus Monge who realised Malus had special mathematical talents. In 1793 Malus left the school, having been dismissed for political reasons. Fourier , and he was perhaps the most able of all of Fourier 's pupils. He was to remain associated with Ecole Polytechnique as an examiner all his life. While studying at the Ecole Polytechnique Malus began to undertake original research, writing papers on the path of light through materials of differing refractive indices. After graduating from the Ecole Polytechnique Malus rejoined the army, this time taking part in campaigns on the Rhine in 1797. As an army engineer Malus was ordered to accompany Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798. This did not greatly please him since at the time that he received the order he was stationed in the town of Giessen, as part of the occupying force, and he was about to marry the daughter of the Chancellor of the University of Giessen. While in Cairo, Napoleon's fleet was destroyed in Aboukir Bay and Malus wrote, see [3]

2. MALUS, ETIENNE LOUIS gave the castle and its appurtenances to Eustace son of John, whose descendants took the name of Vescy http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/M/MA/MALUS_ETIENNE_LOUIS.htm

document.write(""); MALUS, ETIENNE LOUIS MALVACEAE, in botany, an order of Dicotyledons belonging to the series Columniferae, to which belong also the orders Tili— aceae (containing Tilia, the lime-tree), Bombaceae (containing Adansonia, the baobab), Sterculiaceae (containing Theobroma, cocoa, and Cob, cola-nut). It contains 39 genera with about 300 species, and occurs in all regions except the coldest, the number of species increasing as we approach the tropics. It is represented in Britain by three genera: Malva, mallow; Althaea, marsh-mallow; and Lavatera, tree-mallow. The plants are herbs, as in the British mallows, or, in the warmer parts of the earth, shrubs or trees. The leaves are alternate and often palmately lobed or divided; the stipules generally fall early. The leaves and young shoots often bear stellate hairs and the tissues contain mucilage-sacs. The regular, hermaphrodite, often showy flowers are borne in the leaf-axils, solitary or in fasicles, or form more ,n-..~ or less complicated cymose 14~~ ~‘~‘f arrangements. An epicalyx (see

3. References For Malus References for etienne louis malus. Biography Articles JB Biot, etiennelouis malus, Biographie universelle XXVI (Paris, 1820), 410. JZ http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Malus.html

References for Etienne Louis Malus Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: E L Malus, (Paris, 1892). Articles: J B Biot, Etienne Louis Malus, Biographie universelle XXVI (Paris, 1820), 410-. J Z Buchwald, Experimental investigations of double refraction from Huygens to Malus, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. E Frankel, The search for a corpuscular theory of double refraction : Malus, Laplace and the prize competition of 1808, Centaurus Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR January 1997 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Malus.html

4. Malus Biography of etienne louis malus (17751812) etienne louis malus. Born 23 July 1775 in Paris, France http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Malus.html

Etienne Louis Malus Born: 23 July 1775 in Paris, France Died: 24 Feb 1812 in Paris, France Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Etienne Louis Malus Monge who realised Malus had special mathematical talents. In 1793 Malus left the school, having been dismissed for political reasons. Fourier , and he was perhaps the most able of all of Fourier 's pupils. He was to remain associated with Ecole Polytechnique as an examiner all his life. While studying at the Ecole Polytechnique Malus began to undertake original research, writing papers on the path of light through materials of differing refractive indices. After graduating from the Ecole Polytechnique Malus rejoined the army, this time taking part in campaigns on the Rhine in 1797. As an army engineer Malus was ordered to accompany Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798. This did not greatly please him since at the time that he received the order he was stationed in the town of Giessen, as part of the occupying force, and he was about to marry the daughter of the Chancellor of the University of Giessen. While in Cairo, Napoleon's fleet was destroyed in Aboukir Bay and Malus wrote, see [3]

5. Malus, Etienne Louis. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. malus, Étienne louis. ( ty n´lw mälüs´) (KEY) , 1775–1812, French artillery officer and physicist. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ma/Malus-Et.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. ty KEY CONTENTS INDEX GUIDE ... NEXT Search Amazon: Click here to shop the Bartleby Bookstore Welcome Press Advertising ... Bartleby.com

6. WIEM: Malus Etienne malus Étienne louis (17751812), fizyk francuski. Dyrektor École Polytechnique (od 1811), czonek Akademii Francuskiej (od 1812). Autor prac http://www.encyklopedia.pl/wiem/012e76.html

wiem.onet.pl napisz do nas losuj: has³a multimedia Fizyka, Francja Malus Etienne widok strony znajd¼ podobne poka¿ powi±zane Malus Étienne Louis (1775-1812), fizyk francuski. Dyrektor École Polytechnique (od 1811), cz³onek Akademii Francuskiej (od 1812). Autor prac z dziedziny optyki . 1808 odkry³ polaryzacjê ¶wiat³a przy odbiciu od powierzchni szk³a lub dielektryka. 1810 poda³ wzór wyra¿aj±cy zale¿no¶æ natê¿enia I ¶wiat³a spolaryzowanego, przepuszczonego przez analizator, od k±ta pomiêdzy p³aszczyzn± polaryzacji wi±zki padaj±cej a p³aszczyzn± polaryzacji analizatora: I = I o cos , gdzie I o - natê¿enie ¶wiat³a padaj±cego. Zale¿no¶æ ta nosi nazwê prawa Malusa i znajduje zastosowanie w fotometrii. zobacz wszystkie serwisy do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

7. Étienne-Louis Malus - Encyclopedia Article From Britannica.com Search Étiennelouis malus at Britannica.com for the Web's best sites, news and magazine articles, and related products. http://www.britannica.com/seo/e/etienne-louis-malus

Search at Britannica.com for the Web's best sites, news and magazine articles, and related products. To view the complete article, sign up for Britannica's premium service - Malus, tienne-Louis b. June 23, 1775, Paris d. Feb. 23, 1812, Paris French physicist who discovered that light, when reflected, becomes partially plane polarized; i.e. , its rays vibrate in the same plane. His observation led to a better understanding of the propagation of light. A member of the corps of engineers, Malus accompanied Need more? Complete articles are available to premium service members. Information on site licenses is also available. About Us Advertise With Us Syndication International Publishing ... Help

8. Malus, Etienne Louis malus, etienne louis 17751812, French artillery officer and physicist. malus,etienne louis. 1775-1812, French artillery officer and physicist. http://www.slider.com/enc/33000/Malus_Etienne_Louis.htm

classify 98 Home Encyclopeadia M Mag - Mal ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Malus, Etienne Louis 1775-1812, French artillery officer and physicist. In 1810 he stated his discovery of the polarization of light by reflection and published a memoir of his theory of double refraction. Add URL Advertise Contact Us

9. Malus, Etienne Louis. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 malus, Étienne louis. ( ty n´ lw mälüs´) (KEY) , 17751812, French artillery officer and physicist. http://www.bartelby.com/65/ma/Malus-Et.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. ty KEY CONTENTS INDEX GUIDE ... NEXT Search Amazon: Click here to shop the Bartleby Bookstore Welcome Press Advertising ... Bartleby.com

10. Mal - Man fever Malta, Knights of MalteBrun, Conrad Maltese Maltese cat Maltese IslandsMalthus, Thomas Robert maltose Maluku malus, etienne louis Malvasia Malvern http://www.slider.com/enc/m_4.htm

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11. Malus, Etienne Louis malus, etienne louis (17751812). French physicist who discovered the polarizationof light by reflection from a surface (see polarized light. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/M/Malus/1.html

Malus, Etienne Louis French physicist who discovered the polarization of light by reflection from a surface (see polarized light. He also found the law of polarization that relates the intensity of the polarized beam to the angle of reflection. Malus was born in Paris and studied there at the Ecole Polytechnique. From 1796 he was in the army, taking part in Napoleon's campaign in Egypt and Syria in 1798 and eventually rising to major, but he was also an examiner for the Ecole Polytechnique. Malus began doing experiments on double refraction in 1807. This phenomenon causes a light beam to split in two on passing through Iceland spar and certain other crystals. An empirical description had been given by Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens, based on the assumption that light is wavelike in character, and Malus's results confirmed Huygens's laws. In 1808, Malus held a piece of Iceland spar up to some light reflecting off a window. To his surprise, the light beam emanating from the crystal was single, not double. He then noted that of the two beams that normally emerge from the crystal, only one was reflected from a water surface if the crystal was held at a certain angle. The other passed into the water and was refracted. If the crystal was turned perpendicular, the second beam was reflected and the first refracted. He described the light as being 'polarized'.

12. Physicists Translate this page Mach, Ernst Maiman, Theodore Harold malus, etienne louis Marconi, Guglielmo Mariotte,Edme Marius, Simon Mauchly, John William Mayer, Christian Mayer, Johann http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/Categories/Scientists/Physicists

Mach, Ernst Maiman, Theodore Harold Malus, Etienne Louis Marconi, Guglielmo Mach, Ernst Maiman, Theodore Harold Malus, Etienne Louis Marconi, Guglielmo ... Mulliken, Robert Sanderson

13. WIEM: Malus Etienne (encyklopedia.pl)Category World Polska Leksykon Encyklopedia encyklopedia.pl M......wersja dla drukarki. Fizyka, Francja malus etienne (17751812), widok strony znajdzpodobne pokaz powiazane. malus Étienne louis (1775-1812), fizyk francuski. http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/012e76.html

wiem.onet.pl napisz do nas losuj: has³a multimedia Fizyka, Francja Malus Etienne widok strony znajd¼ podobne poka¿ powi±zane Malus Étienne Louis (1775-1812), fizyk francuski. Dyrektor École Polytechnique (od 1811), cz³onek Akademii Francuskiej (od 1812). Autor prac z dziedziny optyki . 1808 odkry³ polaryzacjê ¶wiat³a przy odbiciu od powierzchni szk³a lub dielektryka. 1810 poda³ wzór wyra¿aj±cy zale¿no¶æ natê¿enia I ¶wiat³a spolaryzowanego, przepuszczonego przez analizator, od k±ta pomiêdzy p³aszczyzn± polaryzacji wi±zki padaj±cej a p³aszczyzn± polaryzacji analizatora: I = I o cos , gdzie I o - natê¿enie ¶wiat³a padaj±cego. Zale¿no¶æ ta nosi nazwê prawa Malusa i znajduje zastosowanie w fotometrii. zobacz wszystkie serwisy do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

14. Biography.com Malthus, Thomas Robert, 1766 1834. Maltz, Albert, 1908 1985.malus, etienne louis, 1775 1812. Mamet, David (Alan), 1947 .Man http://search.biography.com/bio_browse.pl?letter=M&num=200

15. LycosZone Directory > Homework > Math > History Of Mathematics > Mathematicians Egyptians. Grade Level 912 etienne louis malus - Information anda biography about the mathematician etienne louis malus. Grade http://www.lycoszone.com/dir/Homework/Math/History of Mathematics/Mathematicians

Search For: Lycos Zone Home Family Zone Teachers Zone What kind of Mathematicians Websites are you looking for? Abraham Gotthelf Kaestner Information and a biography about the mathematician Abraham Gotthelf Kaestner. Grade Level: 9-12 Antonio Luigi Gaudenzio Giuseppe Cremona Information and a biography about the mathematician Antonio Luigi Gaudenzio Giuseppe Cremona. Grade Level: 9-12 August Ferdinand Möbius An informative site about Mobius. Grade Level: 9-12 Benjamin Gompertz Information and a biography about the mathematician Benjamin Gompertz. Grade Level: 9-12 Daniel Friedrich Hecht Information and a biography about the mathematician Daniel Friedrich Hecht. Grade Level: 9-12 Egyptian Unit Fractions The representation of rational numbers as sums of unit fractionsdates back to the time of the ancient Egyptians. Grade Level: 9-12 Etienne Louis Malus Information and a biography about the mathematician Etienne Louis Malus. Grade Level: 9-12 Euclid's Plan and Proposition 6 "A discussion of Euclid's Proposition 6, among others, including diagrams and explanatory notes." Grade Level: 9-12 Fermat's Fallibility "A discussion of Fermat's ""Last Theorem"" and whether or not Fermat had definite proof of his theory."

16. Natur Des Lichts Translate this page etienne-louis malus. Étienne-louis malus (23.6.1775 - 23.2.1812) wurdein Paris geboren. Er war ein französischer Physiker. malus http://members.aol.com/mblicht1/malus.htm

Etienne-Louis Malus

17. Natur Des Lichts Translate this page L, Lichtbündel, Lichtgeschwindigkeit, Lichtstrahl. M, malus, etienne-louis,Marci de Kronland, Johannes Marcus, Maxwell, James Clerk. Michelson http://members.aol.com/mblicht1/

Index A B C D ... Z A Alhazen Alhazensche Aufgabe Auge B Ball-Modell Beugung Bradley, James Brechung ... Broglie, Louis de C Camera obscura D Descartes, Rene Doppelspalt E Einstein, Albert Euklid F Faraday, Michael Farben Fermat, Pierre de Fizeau, Hippolyte ... Fresnel, Augustin Jean G Galilei, Galileo Gitter Grimaldi, Francesco Maria H Harriot, Thomas Hertz, Heinrich Hooke, Robert Huygens, Christian ... Huygenssches Prinzip I Interferenz Interferometer J K Kepler, Johannes Kerr, John L Lichtbündel Lichtgeschwindigkeit Lichtstrahl M Malus, Etienne-Louis Marci de Kronland, Johannes Marcus Maxwell, James Clerk Michelson, Albert Abraham ... Morley, Edward Williams N Newton, Sir Isaak O P Planck, Max Plato (bzw. Platon) Q R Reflexion Regenbogen S Sammellinse Schatten Schrödinger, Erwin Sehstrahlen ... Sonnenfinsternis T Taststock-Modell Teilchentheorie Totalreflexion U V W Weber, Wilhelm Wellentheorie X Y Young, Thomas Z A B C D ... Z

18. The Science Bookstore - Chronology 1809 AD, malus, E. Aerodynamics etiennelouis malus George Cayley. Emailjfptak@thesciencebookstore.com Fax 202-318-3244 ©2002 by JF.Ptak Books. http://www.thesciencebookstore.com/chron.asp?searchstring=Malus

19. The Science Bookstore - Chronology Holmes, OW Born 8/29/1809, 1809 AD, Peirce, Benjamin Born 4/4/1809 Died 10/6/1880,1809 AD, 1809 AD, malus, E. Aerodynamics etiennelouis malus George Cayley. http://www.thesciencebookstore.com/chron.asp?pg=13

20. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - Jean-Baptiste Biot In 1808, experiments performed by etiennelouis malus showed that reflected lightbecame polarized, a finding that could only be explained by the wave theory http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/biot.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot was a physicist and mathematician who made advances in geometry, astronomy, elasticity, magnetism, heat and optics. For his work on the polarization of light passing through chemical solutions, Biot received the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1840. Biot's father was a treasury official who had planned for his son to enter the world of commerce. Biot was provided with a private math tutor in his youth and was educated at the college of Louis-le-Grand before joining the French army in 1793. After serving briefly in the artillery, he enrolled at the Polytechnic School in Paris. He later moved to Beauvais to act as a mathematics professor, but returned to Paris in 1800 when he was given the position of chair of mathematical physics at the College de France. Elected to the French Academy of Sciences at an unusually young age in 1803, that same year Biot was sent to investigate objects falling from the sky. His findings helped initiate the general acceptance of the existence of meteorites. Then, in 1804, he accompanied Joseph Gay-Lussac on the first balloon trip undertaken for scientific purposes. Biot's interest in optics was spurred in 1806 when Thomas Young revived the wave theory of light. The resurgence of the theory divided the great physics minds of the day into two separate camps, one that supported the wave theory, and another that believed in the corpuscular nature of light. Biot, a member of the latter group, began devoting his time to developing mathematical support for the idea that light existed as particles. In 1808, experiments performed by Etienne-Louis Malus showed that reflected light became polarized, a finding that could only be explained by the wave theory of light. However, Biot chose to repeat and expand upon the work of Malus in hopes of attaining validation for the opposing light theory.

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