61. Untitled abraham bar hiyya HaNasi, often known by the Latin name Savasorda, is famed forhis book Liber embadorum published in 1145 which is the first book published http://hem.passagen.se/ceem/summary.htm

Summary Cubics in the math history The earliest found information about computing cubic roots and solution of cubic equations is found among the Babylonians (about 2000 - 400 BC). Hindu mathematicians took the Babylonian methods further so that Brahmagupta (598-665 AD) gives an, almost modern, method which admits negative quantities. Numerical values of cubic roots were computed by Aryabhata (476 -c. 550 BC) In about 300 BC Euclid developed a geometrical approach The solution of numerical higher equations for approximate values of roots has been known for a long time in China . It has been called the most characteristic Chinese mathematical contribution. The essentials of the method are there around c. 100 BC - 50 CE. By using the method for finding the cube root of a number they were able to solve a cubic equation of the form x + ax + bx = c , where a, b and c are positive. The Arabs did not know about the advances the Hindus had made so they had neither negative quantities nor abbreviations for their unknowns. However al'Khwarizmi (c 800) gave a classification of different types of equations.

62. El Huerto Del Nogal - Kabalah - Reencarnación O Guilgul Translate this page b) abraham bar hiyya, (1150 aprox.) en Meditación del alma triste. c)Yehudáh Haleví (1100 aprox.) no menciona el Guilgul en su obra. http://ar.geocities.com/elhuertodelnogal/kabalahreencarnacion.htm

Reencarnación o Guilgul Kohelet (Eclesiastés) 1,4: “Una generación se va y otra viene, más la tierra permanece”. Resulta obvio, por lo menos para algunos, destacar que el judaísmo y el cristianismo son resurreccionistas. Por ello la visión de la reencarnación se dificulta en varios sentidos: a) No es oficial ni bien entendida la creencia en la reencarnación y por ello no aceptada. b) No resulta sencillo encontrar antecedentes para justificar su existencia, sobre todo si los mismos apuntan a ser oficiales. c) Sólo en la Kabalah, o en un desprendimiento del judaísmo (el movimiento karaíta, primera etapa de Anan ben David, su fundador en el siglo octavo e.c.), encontramos antecedentes serios. En la Kabalah la reencarnación ocupa un lugar trascendente en líneas de pensamiento importantes, como veremos más adelante. Habíamos mencionado como la Resurrección se relacionaba con un retorno de la muerte con el mismo cuerpo en concordancia al momento final de la vida del mismo.

63. Www.math.ku.dk/~ramskov/3mh-f98/rene/bioindex.txt suanjing (Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the circular Paths of Heaven)303 A Abel, Niels Henrik (18021829) Oslo 600 abraham bar hiyya ( -1136) 297 http://www.math.ku.dk/~ramskov/3mh-f98/rene/bioindex.txt

64. Azogue Translate this page En las páginas siguientes se comienzan a citar una serie de filósofos árabes yjudíos Yehuda Ha-Levi, abraham ben Ezra, abraham bar hiyya, Mose Sefardí y http://personal5.iddeo.es/emclmffgm/recension_4_4.htm

- PEDRO ROJAS GARCÍA, " La Alquimia en Aragón de Jesús Osácar editado por Ibercaja", «Azogue», nº 4, 2001, URL: http://come.to/azogue LA ALQUIMIA EN ARAGÓN Autor: Jesús Osácar Flaquer. Precio: 1500 ptas. Editorial: Ibercaja Sede de la Editorial: Zaragoza. Año: Páginas: 166 pp. ISBN: Comentario: Los ensayos monográficos redactados por plumas nacionales sobre aspectos de la alquimia en España no son desde luego habituales en nuestro país, de ahí que dar con este trabajo de Jesús Osácar Flaquer (antiguo miembro del Instituto de Carboquímica de Zaragoza, CSIC) me hiciera abordar su texto con gran atención. No en vano, en los últimos años toda una serie de investigadores foráneos han contribuido de forma importante a ahondar firmemente en la historia de la alquimia aragonesa. Contamos con las cuantiosas aportaciones de Michela Pereira sobre el beato Ramón Llull, las indagaciones de Julia Ortega en lo tocante a los alchimiayres al servicio de los reyes aragoneses, las publicaciones de Antoine Calvet y Giuliana Camili concernientes a los escritos pseudo-arnaldianos, las pesquisas de Pascale Barthélemy sobre los manuscritos de Guillem Sedacer, las transcripciones de la "Obraitge dels Philosophes" y de la "Somma" de Bernat Peire editadas por Suzanne Thiolier-Méjean... En la Edad Moderna española, desviándonos hacia el campo de la Iatroquínica, se escenifica desde finales del siglo XVI una tensión entre la medicina clásica y ciertas ideas renovadoras. Estas últimas, ejemplarmente expuestas en 1680 por Juan de Cabriada dentro de su "Carta filosófica médico-chymica" tienen como fundamento dos axiomas ya predicados por Paracelso un siglo y medio antes: cuestionar con dureza la autoridad de los clásicos y defender la experiencia como único criterio válido en

65. Ediciones Indigo Translate this page Libro revelador. (Meguillat ha-megale). abraham bar hiyya. El siclo del santuario.(Shequel ha-kodesh) Rabbi Moises de Leon. El filósofo y el cabalista. http://www.levity.com/alchemy/edicion.html

Ediciones Indigo Back to publishers page EDICIONES INDIGO Pere IV, 29-35, 6-2 Tel. 485 22 82 - Fax. 485 25 95 08018-BARCELONA (SPAIN) http://www.arrakis.es/~turba/ Editorial especializada en medicinas alternativas, homeopatía, auto-ayuda, esoterismo, psicologia alternativa, nueva era, alquimia, etc. TÍTULOS PUBLICADOS EN LA COLECCION ARCHIVO HERMETICO Colección dirigida por Santiago Jubany (sjubany@lander.es) Diccionario mito-hermético. Dom Pernety. (Traducción: Santiago Jubany). 560 pp. ISBN: 84-86668-70-0 Tratado del fuego y de la sal. Blaise de Vigenere. (Traducción: Prudenci Reguant). 230 pp. ISBN: 84-86668-59-X Los cinco libros. Nicolás Valois. (Traducción: Santiago Jubany). 160 pp. ISBN: 84-86668-86-7 La obra secreta, Jean d'espagnet; el niño hermafrodita del Sol y la Luna, anonimo; el reino de saturno transformado en siglo de oro, Huginus a Barma. (Traducción: Santiago Jubany). 252 pp ISBN: 84-86668-71-9 La turba de los filósofos. Anónimo. (Traducción: Santiago Jubany). 88 pp. ISBN: 84-89768-01-3 El jardin de las riquezas. Georges Aurach. (Traducción: Nuria G. Amat). 102 pp.

66. PHILTAR - Compendium Of Philosophers/A abraham bar hiyya (10701136) An introduction to his life and work. Abramowski,Edward (1868-1918) A substantial account of his life and work. http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/compendium_of_philosophers/a/

Compendium of Philosophers A Links to materials by and/or about over a thousand philosophers from thousands of years from all over the world from A to Z This compendium contains entries large and small, single or multiple, on hundreds of philosophers. Links vary in size from a few lines of biography to the whole of the Summa Theologica. Sometimes you are directed to a site which has further links. In that case there is no guarantee that all the further links will work, but enough work to make a visit worthwhile. This compendium does not provide links to philosophers’ own home pages. A list of them can be found here A B C ... Z Abarca, Pedro (1619-1693) A brief introduction from TCE Abelard, Peter (1079-1142) An introduction to his life and work The History of my Misfortunes Abercrombie, John (1780-1844) The Scottish Philosophy Abhinavagupta (10th/11th century) The briefest of introductions to his life and work This page provides access to a variety of excerpts from his works Abraham bar Hiyya (1070-1136) An introduction to his life and work Abramowski, Edward (1868-1918) A substantial account of his life and work Abravanel, Judah (1470-1530)

67. LIBRERÍA ESOTÉRICA - YUG Translate this page abraham bar hiyya, en Aragón, las conocía alrededor del año 1125 como “enseñanzasde ciertos filósofos”, pues nos informa que algunos de ellos dicen http://www.elbuscador.com.mx/elbuscador/03ene/nocturno.html

enero 2003 Cita Sai Baba Conceptos mentales Libros Los colores de Goethe ... Vegetarianismo shemittot , o ciclos del mundo, tal y como se expone sobre todo en el Libro Los ciclos y la historia revista@elbuscador.com.mx Editora y Distribuidora YUG S.A. Puebla 326-1, Col. Roma, Tel. (01 55) 5553 5531, Fax (01 55) 5553 4414 franquicias@yug.com.mx

68. Rare Books, Manuscripts From JTS Library Special Collection Will Travel Abroad ( century Haggadah from Constantinople; a fifteenthcentury Pentateuch with Rashicommentary, printed in Zamora, Spain; and abraham bar hiyya's Sefer Tzurat Ha http://www.jtsa.edu/news/press/20022003/20021007b.shtml

JTS News Press Releases About JTS ... More JTS news JTS Periodicals Press Releases Speeches and Addresses Culture and Costume at JTS Library JTS Press Release: 10/07/02 RARE BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS FROM JTS LIBRARY SPECIAL COLLECTION WILL TRAVEL ABROAD FOR EXHIBIT ON CULTURE OF MEDIEVAL SPANISH JEWRY MEMORIA DE SEFARAD Will Be on View in Toledo, Spain Friday, OCTOBER 11TH through Sunday DECEMBER 8TH FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE PRESS CONTACT: Jane Calem Rosen jarosen@jtsa.edu Send this to a friend Memoria de Sepharad (Toledo, Spain) NEW YORK, NY - October 7, 2002 Sociedad Estatal para la Accion Cultural Exterior S.A. (SEACEX) in Toledo, Spain recently reached out to their colleagues in the Department of Special Collections at the Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary for help in mounting a major exhibition on the life and culture of medieval Spanish Jewry. The JTS library, with one of the world's largest collections of Judaica and Hebraica, is renowned for its repository of rare books, manuscripts and other memorabilia from every period of Jewish history. Officials of the Toledo-based Society, intent on displaying artifacts of Jewish life in Spain from 711 to 1492, the year of the expulsion, therefore, wasted no time in requesting the loan of several of JTS's prized possessions. These reflect the rich Jewish life in Spain during that time and the community's remarkable contributions to the larger Spanish culture. The works will be on display in Toledo's Municipal Center as part of

69. Library Of The Jewish Theological Seminary: Library News: Between The Lines a framed leaf from a sixteenthcentury Haggadah from Constantinople; a fifteenthcentury Pentateuch with Rashi commentary and abraham bar hiyya's Sefer Tzurat http://www.jtsa.edu/library/news/btl/15_2index.shtml

JTS Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary Library News About JTS ... More JTS news JTS Periodicals Press Releases Speeches and Addresses Culture and Costume at JTS Library Between the Lines, Vol. 15, no. 2 Library Acting Director Named JTS Library Contributes to Memoria de Sefarad Exhibition in Toledo, Spain New Judaica Book Funds Established Judaica Collectors at Work at the Library ... Friends of the Library Publish Jewish Calendar 5763 Library Acting Director Named Naomi M. Steinberger was appointed Acting Director of the Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary for the 2002-2003 fiscal year. Ms. Steinberger has served the library for the past fifteen years in the capacity of Administrative Librarian for Public Services, Systems Librarian and Executive Librarian. Naomi Steinberger set a number of goals for this year reflecting the library's mission of collecting, preserving and making the cultural heritage of the Jewish people available in print and non-print format. In keeping with this mission Ms. Steinberger plans to expand the library's electronic-format publications, reach out to collectors for adding significant special collections for the library and fill in lacunae in the library's collection. In the area of preservation, she plans to build on the newly expanded conservation lab, supported by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon and Bernard Heller Foundations, and expand the digital preservation projects of the library's collections.

70. Talmud Page 204-208 in the year 4859, on the 16th of Av, or 30th of August, the Christians recapturedJerusalem, during the days of R. abraham bar hiyya of Spain.} When Ali ibn http://www.israelshamir.net/talmud/204-208.shtml

Home Arabic Articles English Articles French Articles ... Feedback Form Picture Gallery Search Donations Site Map Links ... Contact Talmud Translated Page 204 - 208 p. 204 PART THREE THE ORDER OF SABORAIM AND GAONIM In Mitzvoth, 93, our master R. Moses of Coucy wrote that the Saboraim are the Gaonim who lived after the writing of the Talmud. R. Ashi commenced writing [the Talmud]. We therefore find that from the writing of the Mishna until the completion of the Talmud 311 (= ISH - man) years have passed. The Mishna was compiled in AM 3949 and the Talmud was sealed in AM 4260, 432 years after the Destruction. God, may He be blessed and glorified, shall build it for the sake of His name. Amen, may that be His will. It is currently 1000 years since the Talmud was sealed, as it took place 73 years after the death of R. Ashi. However, Yesod Olam claims that the Babylonian Talmud was concluded in the year 4265. There is therefore, a 5-year difference between them. The second generation of the Saboraim and afterwards was that of R. Aha b. Huna who was the head of the academy for one year. He died in 4275. After him, R. Samuel b. Abba was the head of the academy for 3 years and died in the year 4278. Following him Ravina b. Umza was the head of the academy for one year and he died in the year 4279. After him, R. Tachlifa was head of the academy for 7 years and he died in the year 4286. After him were R. Simona and R. Eina. R. Eina was in Sura and R. Simona in Pumbeditha. R. Simona lived until AM 4300. All these [Rabbis] were of one generation.

71. Morse H.S. - Magnet/Mathematics Connections This would also be a great basis for a studentdirected activity. Juan Caramuely Lobkowitz abraham bar hiyya Ha-Nasi Gaspar Lax Juan de Ortega. http://mathforum.org/alejandre/morse/math.languages2.html

Morse High School Magnet Program Mathematics Lesson Resources in support of the Language Career Path Magnet Math Math Lessons Internet Enrichment The links provided here could be used to develop mathematics lessons in support of the topics of international business, journalism, sales/import/export, hotel management and advertising. There is a lesson template available for your use. Idea 1 Write a lesson that requires the comparison or conversion of world currencies. Euro Converter PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service The Universal Currency Converter Idea 2 Extend the idea presented in Only if Nice Weather Could Last Year Round to the world. Amtrak Schedules Excite Travel Subway navigator (Global) Reference Desk ... Yahoo Travel Idea 3 Write a lesson on the mathematics of Pierre Bouguer and/or Pierre Varignon. Pursuit Curve - Pierre Bouguer Hyperbolic Spiral - Pierre Varignon Idea 4 Write a high school level magic squares activity. Albrecht Durer Magic Squares Idea 5 Use the idea of local time as the focus of a lesson involving travel. Local Times Around the World Excite Travel Maps and Travel Information The Reference Desk Idea 6 Extend the idea presented in Sampling: An Exercise in Statistics to a mixture of mathematics and journalism.

72. Re: Abraham Ben Ezra + Hebrew Alphanumerics By Antreas P. Hatzipolakis 8399 (1996). A survey of mathematical authors, with special attentionto abraham bar hiyya and abraham ibn Ezra. \{As far as Misnat http://mathforum.org/epigone/math-history-list/swolbringmou/v01540B02B19C9AAE0B4

Re: Abraham ben Ezra + Hebrew alphanumerics by Antreas P. Hatzipolakis reply to this message post a message on a new topic Back to messages on this topic Back to math-history-list Subject: Re: Abraham ben Ezra + Hebrew alphanumerics Author: xpolakis@hol.gr Date: http://members.aol.com/lieberk/welcome.html http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/italian-studies/ The Math Forum

73. Videnskabshistorisk Persongalleri - 4 s125). 1145, 2. del af alKhwarizmis algebra blev ikke oversat direktetil latin, men via abraham bar hiyya (Savasorda) udvidede udgave. http://home3.inet.tele.dk/skaaning/persongalleri/persongalleri4.htm

Middelalderen 2, c.1000-c.1500 år emne/person Maslama al-Majriti Skrev en meget refereret kommentar til al-Khwarizmis astronomi-tabeller. Spanien. Diciple: al-Zahrawi, ibn al-Samh og Abu Muslim ibn Khaldun, selv en mester. Sidstnævnte skrev i "Muqaddima" om "craft calculation" (kunsten at lægge til og trække fra). algebra og købmandsregning. Han betegnede det som noget nyt. (Num. s385) Nizam al-Mulk . Fl. 1063-1092. Død 1092 (Isl. s85) 11. årh. al-Biruni (A his. s120) Constantine the African . Til Salerno, S-Italien, hvor han oversatte arabiske medicinske texter. Han kan have introduceret Galen, Hippokrates og dele af Aristoteles' biologi (A his. s124). Peter Abelard (A his. s190) Toledo faldt i kristne hænder (A his. s124) slutn. 11. årh Korstogene begynder (A his. s124). c. 1090-c. 1150 Adelard fra Bath . Oversatte arabiske videnskabelige værker. Forfatter til "Naturlige spørgsmål". 1116-1142. Adelard af Bath. Fl. oversatte al-Hajjajs ufuldstændige arabiske version af Euklids "Elementer". Denne version blev den mest brugte i middelalderen. jfr. Hermann af Carinthia og Gerhard af Cremona (Mat. s209) Adelard (A his. s125-126). St. Bernard af Clairvaux

74. The History Of The Quadratic Equation abraham bar hiyya HaNasi (1070 AD - 1136 AD) was also an Arabic mathematician whostudied the quadratic equation. (850 AD - 930 AD). abraham bar hiyya HA-NASI. http://www.sienahts.edu/~kostrand/mathstuff/quad.htm

The History of the Quadratic Equation Written by: Kelly S. Ostrander The quadratic equation, sometimes called a second-degree polynomial equation, is defined as an equation of the second degree having the general form, where a b , and c are arbitrary constants and a cannot equal 0. “The word quadratic in today’s mathematics refers to expressions, equations, and functions that involve sums of constants and first and second powers of variables and no higher powers” (University of Chicago 346). This equation has two roots which can be found by using the quadratic formula, The discriminant of the quadratic equation is the part of the equation under the square root sign, The roots of a quadratic equation, with real coefficients, are real and distinct if the discriminant is positive. When the discriminant is zero, the roots of the quadratic are real and equal. The roots will include a conjugate pair of complex roots if the discriminant is negative. Historically, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider rectangular examples instead of quadratic equations because it was problems involving rectangles that gave rise to the quadratic equation. During ancient times, it was a common mistake to believe that the area of a plane figure depended entirely on its perimeter.

75. Ue99 Translate this page Stevin, p. 381. WINICKI-LANDMAN GREISY, Elementary School Teachersmeet abraham bar hiyya Ha-Nassi, p. 393. WINSLOW CARL, Aspects http://www.univ-irem.fr/commissions/epistemologie/ue/ue99.htm

Edition Volume 1 : 422 pages, format 14,8 x 21 Volume 2 : 508 pages, format 14,8 x 21 ACCUEIL FAUVEL JOHN, Can mathematics education learn from its history ? p. 19 KOOL MARJOLEIN, Arithmetic in the Low Countries up to 1600 : trade, tradition, terminology, p. 31 TZANAKIS CONSTANTINOS, Mathematics Physics and "Physical Mathematics " : A historical approach to didactical aspects of their relation, p. 65 BAKKER ARTHUR, Historical and didactical phenomenology of the average values, p. 91 COSTA PEREIRA CARACOL TERESA DE ]ESUS, Les nombres complexes, les vecteurs et les quaternions (L’introducfion des quaternions au Portugal par Augusto d’Arzilla Fonseca-1884), p. 121 DE BOCK DIRK, VERSCHAFFEL LIEVEN, JANSSENS DIRK, Some reflections on the illusion of linearity, p. 153 DEMIETRIADOU HELEN, The role of physics in introducing vectors to secondary school students, p. 169 FREGUGLIA PAOLO, BERNARDI RAFFAELLA, About the notion of natural logic : historical and theoretical remarks, p. 203 MAMMANA CARMELO, TAZZIOLI ROSSANA, The Mathematical School in Catania at the begining of The 20th Century and its influence on Didactics, p. 223 MOLEA AMELIA, Language engineering - The outcome of the intersection of Linguistics, Mathematics, Computer Sciences, p. 243

76. Calendars - Credits, Feedback, Bibliography The oldest systematic and complete book on the present fixed Jewish calendar isthe work of abraham bar hiyya(born c. 1065), known as Savasorda of barcelona http://webexhibits.org/calendars/credits.html

Credits This historical exhibit is provided as a public service of the Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement (IDEA) by WebExhibits as a complement to www.time.gov . Texts are adapted with permission from various sources, as detailed below, who are solely responsible for its content. Feedback, questions, and corrections We appreciate your feedback, and read all comments; however, due to the volume of e-mail, we are unable to respond personally. If you have corrections, please send them to us, and we will forward them to their respective authors. You may reach us via e-mail Design Exhibit compiled and designed by Michael Douma Productions. For information about the search technology we use, see Custom Inktomi Text Much of the text about Calendars is adapted with permission from the Calendar FAQ Various texts, including the background on our year, the introduction to the Calendars section, the Indian calendar, and the history of the Chinese calendar are adapted from L. E. Dogget. Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac , P. Kenneth Seidelmann, editor, with permission from University Science Books, Sausalito, CA 94965.

77. Ulum El-Hikme Okulu Felsefesi. 10651136 abraham bar hiyya Yahudi Din-Felsefe Uzlastiricisi.1070-1124 Bernard de Charthes Fransiz Platoncu, Panteist. http://www.ulumulhikmekoeln.de/erkbatidusnc.htm

Ulum el-Hikme Okulu Bilim Tarihi ve Bilim Felsefesi Seminerler Dizisi Ana Sayfa ... E-Mail Sorbonne Üniversitesi, Venerabilis Bede Katolik Tarihçi Albinus-Flaccus Alcuin Palantina Akademisi kurucusu Theophanes, Aziz Studites Theodoros Johannes Scotus Eriugena Photios Ortodoks Teolog Isaac Israeli ben Salomon Yahudi Yeni- Platon cu Said ibnu Yakub el-Fayyumi Yahudi Teolog Salih ibnu Abdulkudüs Arap Dehriyyun Suidas Lietprand de Cremone Piskopos Gerbert von Aurillac Papa Aelfric Teolog Pierre Beranger de Tours Uscu Teolog Bahya ibnu Y. ibnu Pakuda Yahudi Teolog Platon ve Aristoteles Yorumcusu Pierre Beranger Abaelardus’ Lanfranc Mikhail Psellos Yahudi Yeni- Platon cu Saint Anselmus (Anselme) Skolastik, Platon cu Gerçekçi Joane Roscelin Nominalist Papaz Champeauxlu Guillaume Realist Piskopos Hildebert, Lavardin’li Von Lautenbach Manegold Bak: Alman Felsefesi Abraham bar Hiyya Yahudi Bernard de Charthes Platon cu, Panteist Adalard Arapça Çevirmeni Gilbert de la Porree Panteist Skolastik Papaz Petrus Abaelardus Konseptüalist Saint De Clairvaux Benard Benardus Aben Ezra Yahudi Tevrat Yorumcusu Hugues de Saint-Victor Bak:Alman Felefesi Anselme

78. RELIGION 307 Bibliography Tr. M. Mansoor. London, 1973. abraham bar hiyya. The Meditation of the SadSoul. Tr. G. Wigoder. New York, 1969. Judah Halevi. The Kuzari. Tr. http://shakti.trincoll.edu/~kiener/RELG307_JPhilBiblio.html

79. 2nd_to_4th.nb The earliest record of the general quadratic solution is found in Liber Embadorum,written in 1145 CE by the Arab mathematician abraham bar hiyya HaNasi http://www.pitt.edu/~jagst135/polynomial/quartic/

* root formulae taken from Polynomials and Polynomial Inequalities , by Borwein and Erdelyi. Roots of the Quadratic Equation Source: Although methods of solving quadratics were well-known since the time of the Babylonians, these early mathematicians lacked the modern notation of equations in order to express such solutions in a general formula. Rather, they relied on (geometric-based) algorithms, which have been found equivalent to the method of "completing the square." The earliest record of the general quadratic solution is found in Liber Embadorum , written in 1145 C.E. by the Arab mathematician Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi (known as Savasorda). It differed from previous works, such as those of Al-Khwarizmi, which separated the problem into four cases, in order to avoid using negative quantities (a previous unknown). In the modern setting, the quadratic formula is familiar to us from grade school. For the equation: a + bx + c = , the solutions take the following form: x This follows from the method of completing the square. Roots of the Cubic Equation Source: The context of this discovery is a murky one. The earliest record of a solution is found in

80. HistoryMole: The Calendar (0001-1972) Links. 1079, Omar ibn Ibrahim alChajjam completes Jalali-calendar,Links. 1125, abraham bar hiyya ha-Nasi Jewish calendar, Links. 1345, http://www.historymole.com/cgi-bin/main/results.pl?type=theme&theme=Calendar

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