81. Eudoxus, Of Cnidus eudoxus, of cnidus (c. 400c. 347 BC). Greek mathematician and astronomer.He devised the first system to account for the motions http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/E/Eudoxus/1.html

Eudoxus, of Cnidus (c. 400-c. 347 BC) Greek mathematician and astronomer. He devised the first system to account for the motions of celestial bodies, believing them to be carried around the Earth on sets of spheres. Work attributed to Eudoxus includes methods to calculate the area of a circle and to derive the volume of a pyramid or a cone. Probably Eudoxus regarded the celestial spheres as a mathematical device for ease of computation rather than as physically real, but the idea was taken up by Aristotle and became entrenched in astronomical thought until the time of Tycho Brahe. In mathematics Eudoxus' early success was in the removal of many of the limitations imposed by Pythagoras on the theory of proportion. Eudoxus also established a test for the equality of two ratios. The model of planetary motion was published in a book called On Rates. Further astronomical observations were included in two other works, The Mirror and Phaenomena, providing the basis of the constellation system still in use today. In a series of geographical books with the overall title of A Tour of the Earth, Eudoxus described the political, historical, and religious customs of the countries of the E Mediterranean.

82. Mathematicians Translate this page Eckert, John Presper Jr Eilenberg, Samuel Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler Eratosthenes,Erlang, Agner Krarup Euclid eudoxus, of cnidus Euler, Leonhard. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/Categories/Scientists/Mathematic

Eckert, John Presper Jr Eilenberg, Samuel Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler Eratosthenes Eckert, John Presper Jr Eilenberg, Samuel Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler Eratosthenes ... Euler, Leonhard

83. EUDOXUS (RNB). eudoxus, of cnidus, Greek savant, flourished about the middle of the 4thcentury BC It is chiefly as an astronomer that his name has come down to us (see http://29.1911encyclopedia.org/E/EU/EUDOXUS.htm

document.write(""); EUDOXUS favour of her son Michael and retire to a convent, where she died. The dictionary of mythology entitled ‘IwvrA (“ Collection of Violets “), which formerly used to be ascribed to her, was not composed till 1543 (Constantine Palaeokappa). See J. Flach, Die Kaiserin Eudokia Makrembolilissa (Tubingen, 1876); P. Pulch, De Eudociae quod fertur Vlolario (Strassburg, 1880); and in Hermes, ‘xvii. (1882), p. 177 if. See Robert Nisbet Bain, Pupils of Peter the Great (London, 1895), chaps, ii. and iv.; and The First Romanovs (London, 1905), chaps. viii. and xii. (R. N. B.) See J. A. Letronne, Sur les e’crites et les travaux d’Eudoxe de Cnide, d’aprbs L. Ideler (1841); G. V. Schiaparelli, Le Sfere omoceniriche di Eudosso (Milan, 1876) ; T. H. Martin in Acadimie des inscriptions, 3rd of October, 1879; article in Ersch ansi Gruber’s Allgemeine Encyklo~adie. EUDOXUS, of Cyzicus, Greek navigator, flourished about 130 B.C. He was employed by Ptolemy Euergetes, who sent out a fleet under him to explore the Arabian Sea. After two successful voyages, Eudoxus left the Egyptian service, and proceeded to Cadiz with the object of fitting out an expedition for the purpose of African discovery; and we learn from StrabO, who utilized the results of his observations, that the veteran explorer made at least two voyages southward along the coast of Africa. There is a good account of Eudoxus in E. H. Bunbury, History of Ancient Geography, ii. (1879); see also P. Gaffarel, Eudoxe de Cyzique (1873).

84. Eudoxus eudoxus was born in 408 BC in cnidus. He was a Greek geometer andastronomer. eudoxus experts. In 355 BC eudoxus died in cnidus. http://www.angelfire.com/ca5/ancientgreecescience/eudoxus

Eudoxus Scientists Home Page Anaxagoras Archimedes Aristarchus ... Pythagoras Eudoxus was born in 408 B.C. in Cnidus. He was a Greek geometer and astronomer. Eudoxus studied at Plato's Academy and was a student of Archytas of Tarentum. He spent over a year in Egypt and then, on his return, established a school that competed with Plato. There is ample evidence to suggest that Eudoxus had little respect for Plato's analytic ability. Eudoxus proposed a heliocentric system for the solar system; a very important contribution. Other important contributions were to the theory of proportion, where he made a definition of equal ratios similar to cross multiplying, and early work on integration with the theory of exhaustion. Eudoxus also devised a theory of planets carried on glassy spheres that were nested around the Earth in mountings like compass gimbals: rotations on these explained observed motions. The kampyle curve was studied by Eudoxus also in relation to the classical problem of duplication of the cube. Eudoxus found formulas for measuring pyramids cones and cylinders. Books V and XII of Euclid's Elements are attributed to Eudoxus by some experts. In 355 B.C. Eudoxus died in Cnidus.

85. Eudoxus Egypt, eudoxus travelled to Cyzicus. There he established a School which provedvery popular and he had many followers. He returned to his native cnidus, and http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Xe.html

Eudoxus BC BC Eudoxus studied with Archytas, a follower of Pythagoras. He learned about geometry, number theory and the theory of music. Eudoxus visited Sicily, where he studied medicine with Philiston, and Athens where he attended lectures on philosophy by Plato. He then spent over a year in Egypt where he studied astronomy with the priests at Heliopolis. At this time Eudoxus made astronomical observations. From Egypt, Eudoxus travelled to Cyzicus. There he established a School which proved very popular and he had many followers. He returned to his native Cnidus, and was acclaimed by the people of who put him into an important role in the legislature. However he continued his scholarly work, writing books and lecturing on theology, astronomy and meteorology. He had built an observatory on Cnidus and we know that from there he observed the star Canopus. The observations made at his observatory in Cnidus, as well as those made at the observatory near Heliopolis, formed the basis of two books referred to by Hipparchus. Eudoxus made important contributions to the theory of proportion, where he made a definition allowing possibly irrational lengths to be compared in a similar way to the method of cross multiplying used today. The theory developed by Eudoxus is set out in Euclid's

86. Eudoxus eudoxus of Cnidos 408 355 B.C.E. Born around 408 B.C.E. in Cnidos on the Black Sea, eudoxus was known foremost as a mathematician, but also as an astronomer, physician and legislator. http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/Euclid300BC/EUDOXUS.HTML

Eudoxus of Cnidos 408 - 355 B.C.E. Born around 408 B.C.E. in Cnidos on the Black Sea, Eudoxus was known foremost as a mathematician, but also as an astronomer, physician and legislator. He was a pupil in mathematics of Archytas in Tarentum and in medicine of Philistium. At 23, he moved to Athens to study philosophy at Plato's Academy . Some time later, he traveled to Egypt with Plato , according to Strabo, and received a letter of recommendation to the Pharaoh Nectanebus from the Agesilaus, the king of Sparta. While there, he learned astronomy and made some observations himself. Traveling to Cyzicus, he founded a school which attracted a large number of pupils. Visiting Athens again, with pupils of his school, he held discussions on philosophy with Plato , who did not particularly agree with his views on the theory of ideas. Finally after traveling back to his home land of Cnidos, he died at the age of 53 in 355 B.C.E. He had written a book on practical astronomy, and the Eudemian Summary credits him with the authorship of the first five propositions of Book XIII of the Elements . Proclus says that he invented the theory of proportions explained in Book V. Archimedes credits Eudoxus with the proof by mean of a certain Lemma (perhaps Book X 1) of the propositions that any pyramid is one-third of a prism sharing a common base and altitude (Book XII 7 Cor. I), and that every cone is the third part of a cylinder with a common base and altitude (Book XII 10). On the basis of this and similiarly ambiguous evidence, it is widely believed Eudoxus was the creator of the so-called "method of exhaustion" that one finds in proofs about volumes and areas in ancient Greek texts.

87. Eudoxus Of Cyzicus encyclopediaEncyclopedia eudoxus of Cyzicus, yOOdok'sus, siz'ikusPronunciation Key. eudoxus of Cyzicus , fl. 130 BC, Greek navigator http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0817825.html

The # 1 wireless color security cam! Ultimate home movie ! Genuine Indian and Asian astrology reports and consultations by reputed Vedic Astrologers. Step-by-step guide to finding money for a growing business All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Eudoxus of Cyzicus [y OO u u s] Pronunciation Key Eudoxus of Cyzicus , fl. 130 B.C. Eudoxus of Cnidus Eugene III Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips About Us Contact Us Link to Infoplease ... Privacy

88. ¼Æ¾Ç»â°ì¡G¤Hª« Einstein, Albert, ?. Euclid of Alexandria, ?. eudoxus ofCnidus, ?. Euler, Leonhard, ?. Fermat, Pierre de, ?. http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/cgi/mathfield.pl?fld=peo

89. Marmaris: Historical Overview The city prospered and was the home of several influential thinkers including Eudoxusof cnidus credited with the invention of the sundial and the discovery http://www.hitit.co.uk/places/Marmaris/History.html

The early history of Marmaris is a bit of a mystery. Under the romans it was a village called Physcus, attached to the city of Lindus. By the 4th Century BC it was Rhodian. Suleyman the Magnificent's naval assault on Rhodes was launched from Marmaris and the fleet that gathered here in 1522 was composed of 700 ships the 60,000 men they carried met Suleymasn's army of 140,000 who had marched from Istanbul. In 1798 Nelson's fleet also assembled here before sailing to Egypt. Sites The most obvious piece of old stuff in Marmaris itself is the castle, dating from 1522 and the reign of the above mentioned Suleyman, it's good for half an hour or so and houses the ethnography museum. North of the town on Asar tepe you can find some bits and pieces of Physcus in the form of Clasical and Hellenistic fortifications. The more picturesque things to see are located on the Loryma peninsula, south of the town and are best visited by boat. The sites you may see include: Amos - an hour by boat, a hellenistic wall with some towers. Foundations of a small temple and a nice theatre. Loryma - Boat access only, main feature of this ancient city is the fort. Loryma served as a harbor for various naval commaders including Conon the Athenian (oh yes) and a Demetrius who was trying to capture Rhodes - he failed.

90. Egypt Math Web Sites the year 98. 7 Conon of Samos; 8 Eratosthenes of Cyrene; 9 Eudoxusof cnidus; 10 Ahmes; 11 Abu Ali al'Hasan ibn al'Haitam; 12 Pappus http://showcase.netins.net/web/rmozzer/Egypt.html

Egypt math web sites Serenus Born: about 300 in Antinoupolis, Egypt Died: about 360. Serenus wrote On the Section of a Cylinder and On the Section of a Cone . He also wrote a commentry on Apollonius's Conics which is lost. Ahmed ibn Yusuf Born: 835 in Baghdad (now in Iraq) Died: 912 in Cairo, Egypt. Ahmed ibn Yusuf wrote on ratio and proportion and it was translated into Latin by Gherard of Cremona. The book is largely a commentary on, and expansion of, Book 5 of Euclid's Elements . Ahmed ibn Yusuf also gave methods to solve tax problems which appear in Fibonacci's Liber Abaci . He was also quoted by Bradwardine, Jordanus and Pacioli. Abu Kamil Shuja ibn Aslam ibn Muhammad ibn Shuja Born: about 850 in (possibly) Egypt. Died: about 930. Abu Kamil Shuja is sometimes known as al'Hasib and he worked on integer solutions of equations. He also gave the solution of a fourth degree equation and of a quadratic equation with irrational coefficients. Abu Kamil's work was the basis of Fibonacci's books. He lived later than al'Khwarizmi and his biggest advance was in the use of irrational coefficients. Theon of Alexandria Born: about 335 in (possibly) Alexandria, Egypt. Died: about 395. Theon was the father of Hypatia and worked in Alexandria as a professor of mathematics and astronomy. He produced commentaries on many works such as Ptolemy's Almagest and works of Euclid. Theon was a competent but unoriginal mathematician. Theon's version of Euclid's Elements (with textual changes and some additions) was the only Greek text of the Elements known, until an earlier one was discovered in the Vatican in the late 19

91. Dr. Matrix' Discussion Of Mathematics introduced. This was done by the 4thcentury BC mathematician Eudoxusof cnidus, whose solution may be found in the Elements of Euclid. http://scientium.com/drmatrix/sciences/mathref.htm

Mathematics From an encyclopaedia essay by J. Lennart Berggren, Hyperlinked by Dr. Matrix Mathematics , the study of relationships among quantities, magnitudes, and properties and of logical operations by which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties may be deduced. In the past, mathematics was regarded as the science of quantity, whether of magnitudes, as in geometry , or of numbers, as in arithmetic , or of the generalization of these two fields, as in algebra . Toward the middle of the 19th century, however, mathematics came to be regarded increasingly as the science of relations, or as the science that draws necessary conclusions. This latter view encompasses mathematical or symbolic logic, the science of using symbols to provide an exact theory of logical deduction and inference based on definitions, axioms, postulates, and rules for combining and transforming primitive elements into more complex relations and theorems. This brief survey of the history of mathematics traces the evolution of mathematical ideas and concepts, beginning in prehistory. Indeed, mathematics is nearly as old as humanity itself; evidence of a sense of geometry and interest in geometric pattern has been found in the designs of prehistoric pottery and textiles and in cave paintings. Primitive counting systems were almost certainly based on using the fingers of one or both hands, as evidenced by the predominance of the numbers 5 and 10 as the bases for most number systems today.

92. People Mentioned In Mead People mentioned in Mead's Work E. http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/mead/bios/e_list.html

People mentioned in Mead's Work E PERSON SOURCE PAGES Eddington, Arthur Stanley Philosophy of the Present Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century Philosophy of the Act Einstein, Albert ... The Domain of Natural Science Emerson, Ralph Waldo Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century The Philosophies of Royce, James and Dewey in their American Setting Enriques, Federigo 'Scientific Method and Individual Thinker' Epicletus 'Natural Rights and the Theory of the Political Institution' Epicurus Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century Euclid 'The Working Hypothesis in Social Reform' 'Scientific Method and Individual Thinker' ... 'Scientific Method and Individual Thinker' While scholars are permitted to reproduce these materials for the own private needs, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, for the purpose of profit or personal benefit, without written permission from the Department of Sociology at Brock University. Permission is granted for inclusion of the electronic text of these pages, and their related images in any index that provides free access to its listed documents. Lloyd Gordon Ward and Robert Throop The Mead Project, Department of Sociology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1

93. The History Of Mathematics - Library Center For E-courses The summary for this Hebrew page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www-lib.haifa.ac.il/www/mesila/math/sites.htm

The History of Mathematics Trinity College, Dublin:á åôñàðù íåçúá íéøúà David R. Wilkins éãé ìò The History of Mathematics David R. Wilkins : é"ò êøòð History of mathematics resources Indexes of Biographies MacTutor History of Mathematics archive:êåúî Mathematicians of the Seventeenth and EigHteenth Centuries Mathematics Genealogy Project Mathematical Journey through Time The Mactutor History of Mathematics archive University of st Andrews Scotland,School of Mathematics and Statistics:êåúî Philosophy and History of Science Kyoto University World of Scientific Biography Erics Treasure Trove of Scientific Biography Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance? Doubling the cube History Topics: Babylonian mathematics History Topics: Ancient Egyptian mathematics ... udoxus of Cnidus The Mac Tutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St. Andrews êåúî Eudoxus of Cnidus An Introduction to the works of Euklid with an Emphasis on the Elements Euclid of Alexandria The Mac Tutor History of Mathematics Archive University of St. Andrews:êåúî

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