41. Welfare Reform / Beyond Work The general strategies and specific examples presented in this issue brief familiesand promoting healthy child development in the context of welfare reform. http://www.nccp.org/beyond.html

About the Center Media Resources Newsletters Child Poverty Facts ... NCCP Jobs Beyond Work: Strategies to Promote the Well-Being of Young Children and Families in the Context of Welfare Reform (November 1999) By Nancy K. Cauthen and Jane Knitzer (For PDF version of the executive summary, click here) (For PDF version of the full report, click here) OVERVIEW In the three years since the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) restructured the nation's welfare system, most state and local policy efforts have focused on helping the adult recipients of cash assistance transition to employment. Although young children may benefit from policy efforts to promote work, additional steps are needed to ensure that welfare reform helps and does not hurt them. To promote positive outcomes for young children in the context of welfare reform, policymakers need to craft deliberate program, policy, fiscal, and collaborative strategies to: Strengthen basic supports for families (e.g., access to health care and child care); Promote young children's health and development (e.g., high-quality child care; comprehensive early childhood programs, and family support activities); and

42. Patchwork Policies: State Assistance For Immigrants Under Welfare Reform Appendix A general Assistance Benefit Levels and Time Limits. For immigrants, thepassage of federal welfare reform meant much more than ending the entitlement http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=5985

43. The Brookings Institution connections between TANF and the FSP mean that the welfare reform reauthorizationdebate On the one hand, TANF dollars provide a general timelimited income http://www.brook.edu/es/research/projects/wrb/publications/pb/pb19.htm

Brookings News Releases Calendar of Events Transcripts ... Contact Us Food Stamps and Welfare Reform by Michael Wiseman March 2002 View Full WRBBrief About PDF files ABSTRACT In a typical month in 2001, 17.3 million people in 7.5 million households received food stamps at an annual cost of $20 billion. Current Food Stamp Program (FSP) appropriations expire September 30, 2002, coincidentally with the expiration of authorization for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The 1996 legislation that created TANF included food stamp provisions, and the close connections between TANF and the FSP mean that the welfare reform reauthorization debate involves both. For low-income families with children, the FSP shares some characteristics with both TANF and the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). On the one hand, TANF dollars provide a general time-limited income floor for needy families that lack other means of support. On the other, the EITC bolsters the income of those who have jobs but work at low wages. The FSP supplements both TANF benefits and the incomes of the working poor and near poor while ensuring access to a necessity: food. And unlike the EITC, which is usually received annually as a lump sum, food stamp benefits are received monthly. Evidence has accumulated over the past decade that the FSP is not functioning well as a support for working families. Some reforms have been implemented, and many others have been proposed. But before analyzing these reforms, this policy brief reviews the basic features and problems of the program.

44. Welfare Reform: Families After Welfare do not provide the basis for any general conclusions about the success of reforms,they provide us with valuable data regarding the effects of welfare reform. http://www.ncsl.org/statefed/welfare/famleavwel.htm

Login Here Register Now To access special member content and services legislators, legislative staff and Foundation for State Legislatures sponsors must log in. ( Clear this notice.) NCSLnet Registration Help Forgotten NCSLnet Password? Welfare Reform Project Families Leaving Welfare Tracking Recipients After They Leave Welfare . State tracking studies provide information concerning critical questions about what is happening to the large number of families that have left welfare. While these studies do not provide the basis for any general conclusions about the success of reforms, they provide us with valuable data regarding the effects of welfare reform. They illustrate both the positive results of welfare reform - more former recipients are working; and the remaining questions - how do we move recipients who are not working into jobs so they can establish stable environments for their families? NCSL has been publishing state tracking summaries since 1999 (see http://www.ncsl.org/statefed/welfare/leavers02.htm ). In addition to the tracking summaries, NCSL has produced other publications that deal with time limits, employment experiences, child care issues, and other challenges facing families after leaving welfare. These publications as well as links to other relevant resources are listed below. NCSL Publications Time Limited TANF Recipients Placing limits on how long families could receive Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) benefits was a significant change brought on by the 1996 federal welfare law. It replaced the ongoing cash assistance system to one focused on moving parents into work and self-sufficiency. This policy brief reviews state time limit policies, their effect on families and the key policy issues states face. (July 2002 State Policy Choices).

45. Status Of Research On The Outcomes Of Welfare Reform, 2000: Main Page Obtaining a Printed Copy. Contents. Chapters Introduction and Overview Background;general Strategies for Understanding the Outcomes of welfare reform; http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/welf-ref-outcomes00/

Status of Research on the Outcomes of Welfare Reform A Report to the Congressional Appropriations Committees Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation U.S. Department of Health and Human Services December 2000 This report is available on the Internet at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/welf-ref-outcomes00/index.htm Obtaining a Printed Copy Contents Chapters: Introduction and Overview Background General Strategies for Understanding the Outcomes of Welfare Reform Future Directions ... Rural Working Poor Obtaining a Printed Copy To obtain a printed copy of this report, send or fax the title and your name and address to: Human Services Policy, Room 404E Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation 200 Independence Ave, SW Washington, DC 20201 Fax: (202) 690-6562 Where to? Top of Page Contents Home Pages: Human Services Policy (HSP) Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Last updated: 05/07/01

46. Welfare Reform While we favor responsible fatherhood and the general principle that a noncustodial presentCongress appears to be unwilling to address welfare reform, we urge http://www.adaction.org/pubs/165welfarereform.html

Americans for Democratic Action 1625 K Street, N.W. Suite 210 Washington, DC 20006 Adopted 2002 Welfare Reform No. 165 WHEREAS - It is misleading to assume that TANF has caused reduced poverty in the last five years. When TANF was enacted in 1996, the country was enjoying prosperity, plentiful jobs (albeit declining numbers of well-paying jobs for workers with little education and few skills), and low unemployment. Today, as the five-year lifetime limitation approaches for many families, and parents in these families are seeking work, unemployment is increasing significantly, even in low-skill service jobs, we must act to prevent millions of families from sinking into poverty and homelessness. Whereas, National Urban League Institute for Opportunity and Equity issued a report on June 4, 2002 entitled "Negative Effects of TANF on College Enrollment," citing U.S. Census Bureau figures. The report documents that before TANF welfare changes were enacted, beneficiaries - mostly women - were 13% more likely to attend college than poor women in general. In contrast, by 1998 welfare recipients were 7% less likely to go to college than poor women in general. ADA therefore urges the following ten specific steps: 1. Shift the focus of TANF from coercion and cutting the welfare rolls to reducing poverty. Low wage jobs and intermittent employment cannot lift a family out of poverty. At a minimum, the clock should stop on the five-year time limit for cutting off TANF benefits when a state's unemployment rate exceeds 5.5%. States should not be permitted to cease or decrease benefits after one or two violations of the work requirement, sinking families into permanent poverty.

47. Welfare Reform be interpreted as estimates that are representative of the general population. beforeany conclusions might be drawn about effects of welfare reform, since the http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/welfare/text.html

Welfare Reform Preparing to Study Welfare Reform Using the Longitudinal Survey of Program Dynamics The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, more commonly known as the 1996 Welfare Reform Act, replaced the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The AFDC and TANF programs differ in two distinct ways. First, AFDC was a federal-state matching program with low-income states contributing a smaller share of their welfare payments than high-income states (U.S. Committee on Ways and Means, 1998). TANF is a federal-to-state block grant program in which states receive a fixed amount of money from the federal government each year (U.S. Committee on Ways and Means, 1996). Second, AFDC is an entitlement program; that is, individuals who applied and were eligible for benefits received them. TANF is not an entitlement program; eligible applicants are not guaranteed assistance unless a state decides to adopt such a guarantee. The Welfare Reform Act directed the Census Bureau to collect data to measure the effects of welfare reform. To carry out this task, the Census Bureau is conducting the Survey of Program Dynamics (SPD), a nationally representative, longitudinal survey that, in conjunction with the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), will cover the period from 1992 through 2001. The SPD's primary goals are:

48. No End To Welfare As We Know It In California political rhetoric surrounding the success of national welfare reform, some California allowedto linger indefinitely on California’s general Relief program http://www.pacificresearch.org/pub/act/1999/action20.html

Choose One... Voters Legislators Press Students Donors Awards Scholarships Education Business and Economics Environment Health Care ... Women's / Children's Issues You are here: Publications Action Alert No. 20 April 30, 1999 By Naomi Lopez No End to Welfare as We Know It in California D Established in 1931, the General Relief program is a state-mandated, but county-funded cash and medical assistance program available to financially needy individuals who do not qualify for federal income, disability, or medical support. The majority of program participants is single, unemployed males. Many will recall that, in 1996, the U.S. Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA), a welfare reform bill aimed to "end welfare as we know it." The law ended the federal cash entitlement program Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and replaced it with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The Act established time limits and work requirements on federal cash assistance in order to give welfare recipients an incentive to find work rather than to remain indefinitely on the public dole. Why should individuals who are ineligible for the federal disability program and the TANF program be held to less stringent standards than the truly disabled and individuals with children? This is the key question the Assembly needs to face, not avoid.

49. DHHS, Off. For Civil Rights TANF Technical Assistance general questions about the application of Section 504 or the ADA to welfare IndexCivil Rights Laws and welfare reform, An Overview An Overview; Civil Rights http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/tanfcontact.htm

skip navigational links Quick OCR Welfare Reform Index OCR Home OCR's Welfare Reform Page Letter to State and TANF Administrator Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform, An Overview ... Technical Assistance for Caseworkers on Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform HHS, OCR - Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform Overview TANF Assistance - Federal Agency Listings If you have any questions concerning the applicability of civil rights requirements to specific programs, and are uncertain which agency to call, you may call the Office for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services at 1-800-368-1019 or TDD 1-800-537-7697 and your call will be directed to the appropriate agency. If you have questions about the application of civil rights laws to TANF or other welfare programs administered by HHS, contact: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Room 509F Washington, D.C. 20201 (202) 619-0403 (voice) (800) 537-7697 (TDD) http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/ocrhmpg.html If you have question about the application of civil rights laws to wages, general conditions of employment Federal contracts that are a part of the welfare program, or the Department of Labor welfare to work programs, you may contact: Directorate of Civil Rights U.S. Department of Labor

50. HHS, OCR - Civil Rights Laws And Welfare Reform Overview This document reviews the general prohibitions against discrimination and is TechnicalAssistance for Caseworkers on Civil Rights Laws and welfare reform. . http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/overview2.htm

Quick OCR Welfare Reform Index OCR Home OCR's Welfare Reform Page Letter to State and TANF Administrator Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform, An Overview ... Technical Assistance for Caseworkers on Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform HHS, OCR - Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform Overview Civil Rights Laws and Welfare Reform - An Overview A variety of Federal nondiscrimination laws require that Federally assisted programs be administered in a manner that does not discriminate or have the effect of discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, sex, age, religion or political belief. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (hereafter referred to as PRWORA) specifically incorporates Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended (Title VI), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (Section 504), the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Title VI, Section 504 and the Age Discrimination Act, along with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, as amended (Title IX), continue to apply to States and other public and private entities that receive Federal financial assistance and that provide funds, training, food stamps, and other services and benefits under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) provisions of the PRWORA. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended (Title VII), the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) continue to require nondiscrimination in employment by States and public and private entities that administer, operate or participate in employment programs under TANF even if these entities do not receive Federal assistance. The receipt of Federal assistance also is not required for coverage of public or private entities by the ADA.

51. A New Paradigm For Welfare Reform: The Need For Civil Rights 25 US general Accounting Office, “welfare reform Tribes Are Using TANF Flexibilityto Establish Their Own Programs,” testimony before the Committee on http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/prwora/welfare.htm

A New Paradigm for Welfare Reform: The Need for Civil Rights Enforcement A Statement by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights August 2002 Passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996 was intended to drastically transform public assistance in the United States. With it, a new emphasis was established to move public assistance recipients from welfare to work. While a laudable goal, rather than engaging recipients in productive activities that lead to self-sufficiency, the reform instituted tough requirements and restrictions on eligibility (including time limits, work requirements, and participation rates). The law gave states discretion to structure programs, as long as they met basic requirements, and impelled them to enforce strict sanctions. The Commission found that the proposals before Congress not only ignore some of the negative outcomes of the 1996 reform, but potentially compound the disparate impact of the 1996 law. Without civil rights protections in the legislation, welfare reform cannot lift all Americans out of poverty. Based on its own review and numerous studies, the Commission encourages Congress to promote policies that will alleviate the disparities and advance the objectives of reform. The Commission’s recommendations are offered in three categories: (1) those that will facilitate the enforcement of civil rights laws, (2) those that will safeguard against discriminatory treatment, and (3) those that will prevent future disparate impact.

52. Poverty, Welfare And Battered Women outlined in this paper, as well as the research about battered women in general,TANF and Domestic violence, AFDC receipt, and welfare reform in Massachusetts. http://www.vaw.umn.edu/documents/vawnet/welfare/welfare.html

Poverty, Welfare and Battered Women : What does the research tell us? Eleanor Lyon, Ph.D. Publication Date: December, 1997 Revision Date: January 22, 1998 Table of Contents About the Author Author's Note Introduction How Prevalent is Domestic Violence Among Poor Women and Women Receiving Welfare? ... References About the Author Eleanor Lyon has conducted research and evaluation related to domestic violence, violence against women, and criminal justice and social policy for twenty years. She is a research consultant for several projects for the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, and is Research Associate at the Village for Families and Children, Inc. in Hartford, CT. She is co-author of Safety Planning with Battered Women: Complex Lives, Difficult Choices (1998), from Sage Publications Welfare and Domestic Violence Technical Assistance Initiative National Resource Center on Domestic Violence TTY 800-553-2508 Fax 717-545-9456 Return to top of the page Author's Note The views expressed in this paper, as in all papers disseminated through the Welfare and Domestic Violence Technical Assistance Initiative, are solely those of the author. The author expresses appreciation for the contributions of Jill Davies, Anne Menard, Jody Raphael, and Susan Schechter.

53. Research And Resources - High Poverty Areas general Topic. Living On and Off welfare Family Experiences and Ethnographic ResearchOn August 1, 2002, the Brookings Institute’s welfare reform and Beyond http://www.calib.com/peerta/policies/poverty.htm

RESEARCH AND RESOURCES High Poverty Areas This section provides resources regarding welfare reform strategies and programs targeted towards those in rural, tribal and urban locales. General Topic Rural Tribal Urban To download the documents below, you must have Acrobat Reader, click on the icon below and follow the instructions to obtain a free copy of the software. General Topic Living On and Off Welfare: Family Experiences and Ethnographic Research On August 1, 2002, the Brookings Institute’s Welfare Reform and Beyond Initiative sponsored a forum that brought together leading ethnographic researchers and low-income parents to discuss the complex realities of the families behind the numbers. The event featured two panels, one on the transition to work (including balancing work and family), and the second on family formation. To view or download: Download Document [133 KB] The Compassion Component: Welfare Reform and the Tradition of Social Justice , July 2002 On July 16, 2002, the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life hosted a panel discussion entitled, “The Compassion Component: Welfare Reform and The Tradition of Social Justice.” During the panel religious leaders and experts on welfare policy discussed how our values should shape social legislation. This report provides a summary of the panel discussion. To view or download: Download Document [55 KB] Moving People from Welfare to Work: Lessons from the National Evaluation of Welfare to Work Strategies , July 2002 Exceptional for its large scale, long follow-up period, and rigorous research design, the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS) has yielded a trove of hard evidence about how best to help people get off welfare and into jobs. Concise and accessible, "Moving People from Welfare to Work: Lessons from NEWWS" distills the evaluation's key findings and explores their implications for policy as Congressional debate about reauthorizing the 1996 federal welfare reform law moves into high gear. This final product from NEWWS helps shed light on what level of work participation can be realistically required of welfare recipients, whether assigning people to education and training is effective, and how various program approaches affect outcomes ranging from employment and welfare receipt to family circumstances and children's well-being.

54. Research And Resources - Program Evaluations general Topic. To view or download http//aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/leavers99/synthesis01/index.htm;Status of Research on the Outcomes of welfare reform, December 2000 http://www.calib.com/peerta/policies/tanf.htm

RESEARCH AND RESOURCES Program Evaluations This section provides evaluations and research conducted on State TANF-related programs and services. General Topic To download the documents below, you must have Acrobat Reader, click on the icon below and follow the instructions to obtain a free copy of the software. General Topic Initial Synthesis Report of the Findings from ASPE's 'Leavers' Grants , January 2001 This report by Urban Institute summarizes the results from eleven studies of former welfare recipients. To view or download: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/leavers99/synthesis01/index.htm Status of Research on the Outcomes of Welfare Reform , December 2000 ASPE has published its 2000 report on the outcomes of welfare reform to the Congressional Appropriations Committees. To view: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/welf-ref-outcomes00/index.htm Promoting Employment Retention Among TANF Recipients: Lessons from the GAPS Initiative , December 2000 This recently completed study by Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. focuses on how newly employed welfare recipients in the Pittsburgh area are doing under the revised welfare rules. Funded by the Pittsburgh Foundation and the Administration for Children and Families, this report looks at the voluntary GAPS program, which is designed to help bridge the gap between dependence on welfare and employment and self-sufficiency. The GAPS report, issue brief, and press release has been posted to the MPR web site. To view: http://www.mathematica-mpr.com/Press%20Releases/GAPS2ndreprel.htm

55. Conflicting Benefits: Trade-Offs In Welfare Reform A more general omission is any understanding of how reform has affectedfamily decisions to enter welfare. Random assignment experiments http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/rr.12.02/benefits.html

Conflicting Benefits Trade-Offs in Welfare Reform By Jeffrey Grogger, Lynn A. Karoly, and Jacob Alex Klerman Jeffrey Grogger is a RAND research associate and professor of public policy at the University of California, Los Angeles. Lynn Karoly and Jacob Klerman are senior economists at RAND. F ederal and state reforms have ended welfare as we once knew it, but we are only beginning to understand the effects of the new programs. Many of the welfare reform policies instituted in 1996 have yielded favorable results, but some of the policies have clearly worked against others. In short, different welfare reform policies are better at achieving different goals. As lawmakers seek to refine the new welfare system, it is important that they understand the trade-offs that different policies entail. The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act created a block grant program, called Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which allowed the 50 states to experiment with different bundles of reforms. The federal legislation, in fact, incorporated several reforms that had already been the focus of state experimentation in the early 1990s. The federal legislation is now due for congressional reauthorization. The federal act mandated the basics of welfare reform: tougher work-related requirements and a five-year time limit on the receipt of federally funded benefits. The states have determined the specific nature of the work-related requirements and the length of the state time limits. (A few states effectively have no time limit, because they will use state funds to extend benefits to those who reach the federal limit.)

56. Welfare-to-Work general Information Printer Friendly Version In August 1996, a comprehensivewelfare reform bill, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity http://www.edd.ca.gov/wtowind.htm

California Home EDD HomePage General Information Information for Employers ... Employment and Training Special Projects Employment Development Department My CA This site Welfare-to-Work General Information Printer Friendly Version In August 1996, a comprehensive welfare reform bill, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, consolidated the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Emergency Assistance, and Job Opportunities and Basic Skills programs into a single block grant for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). The primary purpose of TANF is to move people from welfare to work. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 amended certain TANF provisions and authorized the Secretary of Labor to provide Welfare-to-Work (WtW) grants to states and local communities. These funds are allotted to compliment the TANF program by providing transitional assistance to move the hard to employ TANF welfare recipients into unsubsidized jobs and economic self-sufficiency. In California, the Employment Development Department has been designated by the governor to be the state administrative entity for the federal WtW grants. Within EDD, the Workforce Investment Division will be responsible for disseminating policy and information concerning the WtW program.

57. Labor Protection And Welfare Reform Labor Protections and welfare reform. The welfare law requires that a designated percentageof all TANF This guide contains general questions and answers on how http://www.dol.gov/asp/w2w/welfare.htm

U.S. Department of Labor Office of the Secretary www.dol.gov Search / A-Z Index Find It!: By Topic By Audience By Top 20 Requested Items By Form ... By Location April 12, 2003 DOL Home OASP Labor Protections and Welfare Reform Accessibility Information May 1997 (Rev. 2/99) The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 increased emphasis on the need to move welfare recipients from welfare to work. The new law gives state and tribal governments broad latitude to meet specified work requirements. However, requirements of other laws affecting workers and the workplace also must be met. In an effort to help you better understand the requirements of these other laws, the United States Department of Labor has prepared a guide entitled "How Workplace Laws Apply to Welfare Recipients" that is attached. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture has developed additional guidance to clarify the use of food stamps as a means to meet the requirements of the minimum wage law that is also attached. If you have questions concerning the application of workplace laws to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, please direct inquiries to the

58. General History Articles History general. about this site. Back to History main site, Find A Site. The IrishGaelic language; The origins of ballet dance; The pitfalls of welfare reform; http://www.essortment.com/in/History.General/

History: General about this site Back to History main site Find A Site A brief description of what Heraldry is A history of the fox trot dance steps A ship tradition: women and children first American Yiddish words 101 ... Women in Kentucky Derby history © 2002 Pagewise, Inc.

59. Evaluating Welfare Reform In An Era Of Transition -- Executive Summary The welfare reform act of 1996 had many goals and promoting marriage, to reducingwelfare caseloads, and to program administrators, and the general public—are http://www.nap.edu/execsumm/0309072743.html

Front Matter Contents Exec Summary Full Report ... Back to Book Information Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition Related Books SEARCH WITHIN THIS BOOK NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Evaluating welfare reform in an era of transition/Panel on Data and Methods for Measuring the Effects of Changes in Social Welfare Programs ; Robert A.Moffitt and Michele Ver Ploeg, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (hardcover) Additional copies of this report are available from National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

60. Poverty Survey 6. 6. 6. 6. welfare/welfare reform. 3. 4. 4. 3. Moral values. 2. 3. 2. 2. Immigration/illegalalien issues (general). 2. 5. 4. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Childcare/childcare reform. 1. 1.2. 1. Other. http://www.npr.org/programs/specials/poll/poverty/staticresults.html

Select a Program Tapes and Transcripts All Things Considered® Anthem At the Opera Billy Taylor's Jazz Car Talk® The Diane Rehm Show Fresh Air® with Terry Gross Jazz from Lincoln Center Jazz Profiles JazzSet with Branford Marsalis Latino USA Living on Earth Lost and Found Sound Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz Morning Edition® NPR Playhouse NPR's Performance Today® NPR World of Opera On the Media® Only a Game Public Interest Radio Expeditions Rewind Says You! St. Louis Symphony Orchestra Selected Shorts Sounds Like Science Sunday Baroque Talk of the Nation Todd Mundt Show Wait Wait, Don't Tell Me Weekend All Things Considered Weekend Edition - Saturday Weekend Edition - Sunday Weekly Edition - The Best of NPR News World Radio Network from NPR NPR Worldwide NPR/Kaiser/Kennedy School Poll Poverty in America As shown, some questions were asked only of subsets of respondents (e.g., people who said they knew about the new welfare law). The tables identify whether the results reflect percentages of the overall population or percentages of a subset. In some cases results for particular income-level subgroups are not shown because there were too few respondents on which to report. Some demographic questions are not shown, but all questions are presented in the order in which they were asked. An asterisk (*) indicates a response of less than 1%. Return to the Summary or skip to a section: Why Are People Poor?

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