21. WCCUSD - OUR SCHOOLS Verde, 2000 Giaramita St, Richmond, 2370166, Janice Banks-Thompson. washington,565 Wine St, Richmond, 232-1436, Rachel Bartlett-Preston. alternative schools http://www.wccusd.k12.ca.us/os/os.htm

WCCUSD Schools Elementary Schools Middle Schools High Schools ... Return to the WCCUSD home page Elementary Schools NAME ADDRESS CITY TELEPHONE PRINCIPAL Bayview 3001-16th St San Pablo Merrilee Cavenecia Cameron 7140 Gladys Avenue El Cerrito Sharon Sanger Castro 7125 Donal Ave El Cerrito Nicole Vedder Chavez 960-17th St Richmond Marco Gonzales Collins 1224 Pinole Valley Rd Pinole Dorris Holland Coronado 2001 Virginia Ave Richmond Linda Jackson Dover 1871-21st St San Pablo Linda Cohen Downer 1777 Sanford Ave San Pablo Andrea Colfack El Sobrante 1060 Manor Rd El Sobrante Gary Pastoor Ellerhorst 3501 Pinole Valley Rd Pinole Katherine Burgardt Fairmont 724 Kearney St El Cerrito Brenda Surgers Ford 2711 Maricopa Ave Richmond Melanie Spears Grant 2400 Downer Ave Richmond Hanna Ranch 2482 Refugio Valley Rd Hercules Anita Hayward Harding 7230 Fairmount Ave El Cerrito Barbara Taylor Hercules 1919 Lupine Rd Hercules Galen Murphy Highland 2829 Moyers Rd Richmond Kensington 90 Highland Blvd Kensington Judy Kantor King 234 S. 39th St Richmond Julian Szot Lake 2700-11th St San Pablo Harlan Kerr Lincoln 29 Sixth St Richmond Patricia Washington Madera 8500 Madera Dr El Cerrito Claudette Tully Mira Vista 6397 Hazel Ave Richmond Carlena Moss Montalvin 300 Christine Dr San Pablo Iris Travis-Dillahunty Murphy 4350 Valley View Rd Richmond Mimi Abegglan Nystrom 230 Harbour Way South Richmond Ronald Connelin Ohlone 1616 Pheasant Dr Hercules Sterling Bell Olinda 5855 Olinda Rd El Sobrante Robert Heller Peres 719 Fifth St Richmond Julio Franco Riverside 1300 Amador St San Pablo Seaview 2000 Southwood Dr San Pablo Frank Bianchi Shannon 685 Marlesta Rd

22. WCCUSD - OUR SCHOOLS Verde, 2000 Giaramita St, Richmond, 2370166, Janice Thompson. washington, 565 WineSt, Richmond, 232-1436, Rachel Bartlett-Preston. Return to top. alternative schools http://www.wccusd.k12.ca.us/sarc/

West Contra Costa Unified School District School Accountability Report Card 2000-01 Elementary Schools Middle Schools High Schools ... Alternative Schools Click on a school name below to see its report. If you are unable to view these documents, click here for a free Adobe Acrobat plug-in. Elementary Schools NAME ADDRESS CITY TELEPHONE PRINCIPAL Bayview 3001-16th St San Pablo Merrilee Cavenecia Castro 7125 Donal Ave El Cerrito Nicole Vedder Chavez 960-17th St Richmond Marco Gonzales Collins 1224 Pinole Valley Rd Pinole Dorris Holland Coronado 2001 Virginia Ave Richmond Linda Jackson Dover 1871-21st St San Pablo Linda Cohen Downer 1777 Sanford Ave San Pablo Andrea Colfack El Sobrante 1060 Manor Rd El Sobrante Gary Pastoor Ellerhorst 3501 Pinole Valley Rd Pinole Katherine Burgardt Fairmont 724 Kearney St El Cerrito Brenda Surgers Ford 2711 Maricopa Ave Richmond Melanie Spears Grant 2400 Downer Ave Richmond Jorge Lerma Hanna Ranch 2482 Refugio Valley Rd Hercules Anita Hayward Harding 7230 Fairmount Ave El Cerrito Barbara Taylor Hercules 1919 Lupine Rd Hercules Galen Murphy Highland 2829 Moyers Rd Richmond Sara Danielson Kensington 90 Highland Blvd Kensington Judy Kantor King 234 S. 39th St

23. Atlanta Public Schools These programs are offered at Crim and washington High schools. alternative Programs.The Atlanta Public School System operates six alternative schools. http://www.atlanta.k12.ga.us/our_schools/other/other_schools1.html

Curriculum Areas Extracurricular Programs School Improvement Programs Education Links ... OUR SCHOOLS OTHER SCHOOLS Other Schools Crim High School Evening Programs Washington High School Evening Programs Atlanta Public Schools operates two diploma-granting high school programs for adults. These programs are offered at Crim and Washington High Schools. Vocational, avocational and recreational programs are provided at each site in the afternoons and evenings for student participants. Community programs provide courses such as GED instruction, landscaping, patient care, catering and aerobics. Alternative Programs The Atlanta Public School System operates six alternative schools. These schools provide a learning environment to students experiencing difficulty in the regular school program. The alternative programs are designed to help students reach a level of academic achievement and social adjustment that will allow them to return to the regular school program. Student registration is contingent on mainstream school recommendations. Non-Traditional Schools Adair Academy Phoenix Academy Therrell Academy ... West End Academy The Non-Traditional Schools serve “at risk” students from the Atlanta Public School district. Individualized instruction, small class sizes, and various special programs are among the tools used to reach students who have had difficulty functioning in a normal school environment.

24. "Science Fiction" By Chris Mooney medical schools like George washington University continue to edits the ScientificReview of alternative Medicine, has classes at top medical schools and found http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0204.mooney.html

Respond to this Article April 2002 Science Fiction After spending half a billion taxpayer dollars, alternative medicine gurus still can't prove their methods workhow convenient. By Chris Mooney This may sound like a joke, but it's closer to cutting-edge science. A documentary containing this scene was shown to me by Dr. Herbert Benson, the lead scientist in the tumo study and the director of Harvard's Mind/Body Medical Institute. A cardiologist by training who authored the 1975 bestseller The Relaxation Response, Benson is at the forefront of one of the most important medical movements in decades, the push to incorporate nontraditional or "alternative" healing methods into the canon of Western medicine. He is one of hundreds of researchers at dozens of medical schools studying these previously untested techniques, collectively referred to as "complementary and alternative medicine" or "CAM"-everything from meditation, acupuncture, and herbalism to radical procedures like chelation, colonics, and leech therapy. The goal is to determine which treatments hold legitimate medical value and which are mere superstition. CAM's supporters are trying to have it both ways-and succeeding. Today, a guilty silence shrouds an increasingly important question: Can a field like alternative and complementary medicine, which in many cases is inherently hostile to science, survive its arrival into mainstream medicine? Or are American taxpayers the victims of an expensive medical swindle being abetted by the nation's leading medical schools?

25. The Seattle Times: Education: State Senate Votes For Charter Schools It will let people in washington get acquainted The likely first candidates, he said,would be existing alternative schools that could covert to charters and http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/education/134652351_webcharter13.html

HOME Site index Education Friday, March 14, 2003 - 12:37 a.m. Pacific State Senate votes for charter schools By Paul Queary The Associated Press E-mail this article Print this article Search web archive Over the past dozen years, the state’s lawmakers and voters have repeatedly blocked attempts to allow small, independent schools paid for with public money. But lawmakers voted 26-23 for Senate Bill 5012, sponsored by Senate Education Chairman Steve Johnson. The bill would allow 70 charter schools over the next six years, but only five new schools in each of the first two years. The idea is to foster innovative and creative teaching, give students and parents an alternative and stimulate struggling public schools. “We know what competition does to most of us,” said Johnson, R-Kent. “It sharpens what we do. Empowering parents with the authority to choose schools prompts all schools to improve.” McAuliffe and other charter opponents argue that the schools would siphon off precious tax dollars and good students from other public schools while producing limited results. “There’s never been a good time for charter schools in the state of Washington,” said McAuliffe, D-Bothell.

26. New Grant By Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in support of developing alternative high schools $4.85 million) will create eightnew high schools. Angelou Public Charter School, washington, DC, (receiving http://www.essentialschools.org/pub/ces_docs/news/gates_grant.html

@import url(/styles/ces.css); Home February 26, 2003 Across the country, America's high school graduation rates have stagnated. According to research conducted by the Manhattan Institute, between the ninth and twelfth grades, more than 1 million students will leave school without earning a diploma. For Hispanics and African Americans, the statistics are grimmer, with only 50 percent graduating. According to the Justice Policy Institute, in 2000, there were more African-American men incarcerated than were in higher education. The faces of the young people behind these stark numbers are diverse. They include immigrants, non-traditional learners, bored and unchallenged adolescents, and students disconnected from their schools and community. "In almost every neighborhood in every city and town across America, we are failing young people. These aren't somebody else's children, they are all of our children," commented Talmira Hill of the Youth Transition Funders Group. Recent studies suggest that despite the well-meaning objectives of accountability initiatives like No Child Left Behind and state-based high stakes testing systems, these policies appear to have had the unintended consequence of pushing thousands of young people out of school and often into the juvenile justice system. Overcrowded urban high schools lack the organizational capacity required to address the variety of issues needed to retain and engage students. Students report feeling bored, unmotivated or simply forgotten.

27. Seattle Public Schools | Volunteer Opportunities or would like additional information, please call washington Reading Corps in treatmentprograms, or have not succeeded in regular and alternative schools. http://www.seattleschools.org/area/vol/vol_opps.xml

Home Schools Map Calendar ... Community Learning For problems or questions regarding this departmental page, please contact Volunteer Volunteer Opportunities Volunteer At Your Local School Highlighted Volunteer Opportunities We each possess skills that are valuable to a student. Some of the things you can do to contribute are... Be a tutor or a mentor Help students with homework Listen to children read Play educational games with students Assist with math or science Share information about local history Help students learn another language Support special projects, activities, or field trips Assist with after-school programs Provide office support Become involved with school leadership Volunteer at Your Local School To volunteer at your local school, please contact that school directly to find out about its specific volunteer opportunities. For volunteer forms, district map, list of volunteer coordinators contacts , an d additional information about volunteering with Seattle Public Schools, visit Volunteer Now. Highlighted Volunteer Opportunities Tutor or Mentor Observation Hours/Degree Students Special Education Technology ... Other Opportunities Tutor or Mentor Volunteer with the Washington Reading Corps The Washington Reading Corps is a statewide program that matches volunteer reading tutors with elementary students who are reading below grade level. Daytime and afterschool reading tutors are in demand at these schools located in Central, South and Southwest Seattle. If you are interested in becoming a reading partner for these students, or would like additional information, please call Washington Reading Corps VISTA Khalsa Joslin at 206-252-0794.

28. Alternative Network Journal - Resources Martin Mueller alternative schools and Programs Office of Superintendent of PublicInstruction washington Education Department PO Box 42700 Olympia, WA 98504 http://altnetjnl.org/resources.html

Home March Issue May Issue Resources ... Subscribe Resources for Professionals Working with At-Risk Youth The National Dropout Prevention Center/Network College of Health, Education, and Human Development Clemson University 209 Martin St. Clemson, SC 29631-1555 Phone: 864-656-2599 FAX: 864-656-0136 Email: ndpc@clemson.edu Web: http://www.dropoutprevention.org This organization was established in 1986. They provide publications, networking, professional development, technical assistance, and maintain an on-line clearinghouse. Membership for individuals is $55 per year, and for institutions it is $195. Members receive a quarterly newsletter and The Journal of At-Risk Issues, a scholarly journal published twice a year. One of the few organizations doing important work in this field; warm and friendly, responsive folks. Government sponsored programs: National Institute on the Education of At-Risk Students U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI)

29. Alternatives To Expulsion 9 Teachers for alternative schools and Programs An Open Discussion” w Fritz Erickson,Ed.D., Dean, College of Education, Eastern washington University, Cheney http://www.ed.mtu.edu/safe/alternatives_to_expulsion_9.htm

Ninth Joint National Conference on Alternatives to Expulsion, Suspension, and Dropping Out of School Hyatt Orlando Hotel w Kissimmee, Florida w January 16 - 18, 2003 updated: October 17, 2002 Purpose This conference shares the mission of the National Alternative Education Association (NAEA). It will share insights on the causes and problems related to school expulsions, suspensions, and drop-outs, and examine ways to deal with students who are considered delinquent, violent, or dangerous. Presentations will include promising programs and practices: l to reduce the number of youth who are at high risk of expulsion, suspension, or dropping out; and l to help youth return to school or otherwise engage in work and educational activities that increase their chances of becoming productive and healthy citizens. The conference will showcase exemplary programs that change attitudes, increase skills, provide opportunities for youth, enhance staff development, and increase community collaboration. Information on parent involvement, governmental policies, and legislative issues will be shared. Who Will Attend Participants will include directors and staff of alternative education schools and programs

30. LWSD - Schools And District Information - Find A School schools There are twentyfive elementary schools in Lake washington School District,three alternative elementary schools and one special education pre-school. http://www.lkwash.wednet.edu/lwsd/html/schools/find.asp

Superintendent Academic Test Scores District Contacts Ethnicity Report ... Summer School A World-Class Education For All Learners More Info: Elementary Schools Junior High Schools High Schools Elementary schools There are twenty-five elementary schools in Lake Washington School District, three alternative elementary schools and one special education pre-school. Elementary schools include kindergarten through grade six. Junior High Schools Junior high schools include grades 7 through 9. There are eleven junior high schools in the Lake Washington School district. There are seven regular junior high schools and four alternative junior highs in the district. High Schools High schools consist of grades 10 through 12. There are six regular high schools and one alternative high school in the Lake Washington School district. This page provides the following information for each school in the district: School name The name of the principal School address School phone number School start and dismissal times Approximate enrollment The geographical Location of each school Links to those schools that have a web site Need driving directions to a particular location? Visit our list of available

31. Everett Public Schools/Everett Education Association/Washington Education Associ schools/Everett Education Association/washington Education Association. focus thework of schools in different Additional or alternative strategies within the http://www.k12.wa.us/accountability/Information Prior Meetings/..\Information Pr

Everett Public Schools/Everett Education Association/Washington Education Association Accountability Commission Presentation April 10, 2000 What would it require? Our first explorations are unavoidably bound by the present structures and environments in which schools function. We acknowledge, however, that the vision of HB 1209 requires dreaming much more broadly of a system designed to fully develop the capabilities of every child in every community. A system of schools which fulfills this vision will have a exist in a very different environment which may include: Compensation and work environments designed to attract, develop, support and retain the highest quality professional school staff; Instructional staff compensated for working the full year, allowing ample capacity for planning and training as well as additional time with students as needed; Additional instructional staff to bring down staff-student ratios to a level at which teachers can effectively respond to the learning needs of individual students; Capacity and structure to engage parents more thoroughly in the education of their children;

32. Communications Office - News Release washington alternative High School, Vigo County schools, Vigo County, TerreHaute. These six programs were chosen from the 251 alternative http://ideanet.doe.state.in.us/reed/newsr/2003March/programs031803.html

Department to Honor Exemplary Alternative Education Programs FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 CONTACT: Marc Steczyk 317-232-6615 The Department of Education will honor six alternative education programs at an awards luncheon at the Alternative Education Conference to be held today at the Radisson City Centre in Indianapolis. "The Division of Alternative Education and Learning Opportunities, in keeping with the aims and goals of the Department, seeks to ensure that all students have the opportunity to learn in settings that are safe, caring, and healthy. These six programs are shining examples of this philosophy," said Dr. Suellen Reed, Superintendent of Public Instruction. The programs to be honored are: Ensweiler Academy , Lake Ridge Schools joint program with Griffith Public Schools, School Town of Highland, and School Town of Munster, Lake County, Gary. Stanley Hall Enrichment Center , Evansville-Vanderburgh School Corporation, Vanderburgh County, Evansville.

33. Arlington Public Schools - Registration & Enrollment HB Woodlawn offers an alternative program for grades 9th may be obtained at all neighborhoodschools or the washingtonLee High School houses the International http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/publicinfo/reg_enroll/

Related Links School Information Center 2002-2003 Handbook School Choices Application to Alternative Countywide Schools Elementary Secondary Boundary Maps Countywide Alternative ... Emergency Closing Form Enrolling English Speaker Non-English Speaker Extended Day Program Frequently Asked Questions ... Transferring to/within Arlington Schools Download 2002-2003 APS Calendar (393 Kb) Arlington Public Schools Fact Book (242 Kb) Use Adobe Acrobat Reader to view the file. Registration and Enrollment Welcome to the Arlington Public Schools Registration and Enrollment site. By selecting one of the links on the right you may obtain information ranging from the school calendar to telephone directory to cafeteria menus, and much more. Should you require additional information, we invite you to use our search function, or please contact the School Information Center at (703) 228-7660 or your local school. Registration All Arlington children of appropriate age must be registered in school. Children who are 5 years or older by September 30th of the school year, are eligible to register for Kindergarten. Children who are 3 years old by September 30th of the current school year may register for preschool. Children who are born in the United States and for whom English is a first language, should register at the neighborhood schools.

34. Arlington Public Schools - Frequently Asked Questions For details about the countywide alternative schools or to Five APS schools offeran immersion program Key Yes, at washingtonLee High School, (703) 228-6233 http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/publicinfo/faqs.html

Frequently Asked Questions General Information How can I get information about Arlington Public Schools? Visit our website at www.arlington.k12.va.us or call the School Information Center at (703) 228-7660. When is the first day of school? Tuesday, September 3, 2002 for all grade levels How do I find out which is my neighborhood school or which school serves a particular address? Call the School Information Center at (703) 228-7660. How do I enroll my child in my neighborhood school? Contact the school directly and make an appointment. We just moved here from another country; how do I enroll my children in school? Call the Intake Center at (703) 228-7663 to make an appointment. What do I need to register in school? To register your child you need the following: Birth certificate of the child Social Security Card if available Proof of Arlington residence (rental lease, real estate contract, mortgage agreement or deed) Immunization records Physical exam within 12 months of starting school. The form is available through schools or the School Information Center, (703) 228-7660, and the School Health Office, (703) 228-1650. Written results of a TB test conducted within the last 12 months Former report card, if applicable

35. HealthLinks Topics A To Z Social Services Complementary/alternative Medicine Course HealthLinks Libraries schools Medical Centers UW University of washington http//healthlinks http://healthlinks.washington.edu/topics.html

Topics A to Z UW Home Health Sciences Libraries Schools Medical Centers Problems? Contact Us = Access restrictions = Resource information Topics A to Z Search Announcements Toolkits Care Provider Grantseeker Molecular Biologist Nurse ... More toolkits... Reference PubMed/MEDLINE Journals Databases UW Libraries ... Allergy and Infectious Diseases Alternative Medicine (see Complementary/Alternative Medicine Anatomy (see Biological Structure AIDS (see HIV and AIDS Anesthesiology Basic Sciences Basic Sciences Interdisciplinary Resources Best Available Evidence (see Evidence-Based Practice and Guidelines Biochemistry Bioengineering Biological Structure ... Bioterrorism Cancer (see Oncology Cardiology Care Provider Toolkit Clinical Calculators and Tools Clinical Specialties (see Specialties Community and Social Services Complementary/Alternative Medicine Course Reserves ... Endocrinology Environmental Health (see Public Health Ethics Evidence-Based Practice and Guidelines Evidence-Based Practice Literature (see How to Critically Read the Literature Family Medicine Front Pages (see HealthLinks Previous Front Pages Family Violence (see Violence and Abuse Gastroenterology General Internal Medicine How to Critically Read the Literature Genetics (see Medical Genetics (Clinical) Genome Sciences Gerontology Government ... Legislation, Law, and Health Policy

36. Great News For NASS And NASS Schools leadership in support of developing alternative high schools million) will create8 new high schools. Angelou Public Charter School, washington, DC (receiving http://www.streetschools.com/14press/14press.html

//Dynamic-FX slide in menu v6.5 (By maXimus, maximus@nsimail.com) //Site: http://www.absolutegb.com/maximus //For full source, and 100's more DHTML scripts, visit http://www.dynamicdrive.com Denver, CO NASS will receive 1,134,000 dollars to be used as catalyst funding to improve 12 schools, increase enrollment at eight schools and start 10 new schools in the next three years to grow its network of 34 schools. Organizations receiving Gates funding focus on developing schools designed to meet the needs of vulnerable youth who might not otherwise complete their education. The Street School Model has been developed at the Denver Street School over a period of 18 years. As early as 1989, urban leaders from communities around the country began approaching founder, Tom Tillapaugh to help them develop street schools in their own communities. As a result of the demand, the National Association of Street Schools was formed in 1996 to be a clearing-house of information and support for those wanting to replicate the model. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Marie Groark Phone: 206.709.3400, E-mail: marieg@gatesfoundation.org

37. Richland Chamber Of Commerce - Richland Washington River’s Edge alternative, 975 Gillespie, (509) 9422595. PAROCHIAL ANDPRIVATE schools. Aspen Academy. washington STATE UNIVERSITY TRI-CITIES. http://www.usachamber.com/richland/education.asp

Community Profile Fingertip Facts Newcomer Info Chamber Members ... HOME PRIMARY and SECONDARY EDUCATION RICHLAND SCHOOL DISTRICT Richland School District encompasses the cities of Richland and West Richland. The district has about 9,500 students in eight elementary schools, three middle schools, two senior high schools, and an alternative high school. Richland schools receive strong support from the community. The most recent operating levy was approved with a 65 percent yes vote. Residents take great pride in the quality of the educational program. Richland students score at or near the top academically when compared to students around the state and nation. The curriculum meets a wide variety of student needs. Teachers are carefully selected to ensure a highly competent and caring staff. The district supports individual school efforts to innovate and improve teaching quality. Mission Statement To provide students with an education which results in high achievement and good citizenship. Providing 180 days of quality education for all students in a safe and orderly environment.

38. Eugene School District 4J Elementary, middle, and high school programs with district news and information.Category Regional North America Education School Districts...... neighborhood schools or to alternative schools until March 7 approximately 45 percentof schools fell into the elementary school at washington Elementary, 3515 http://www.4j.lane.edu/

Intranet Site Map Starting Points for Students Parents Staf f Hot Spots Finance documents online New School Board Policy School Report Cards School Facilities Planning ... Schools of the Future Calendars 2002-2003 High School 2002-2003 Middle School - Semester 2002-2003 Middle School - Trimester 2002-2003 Elementary School 2002-2003 Calendars (PDF Format) 2003-2004 High School 2003-2004 Middle School - Semester 2003-2004 Elementary School To view forms in a PDF format, download the free Acrobat Reader plug-in Schools Elementary Middle High Programs ... Lunch menus District Departments School Board Policy Internet Services WebMail ... Driving Directions Home Site Map Search Eugene Education Fund Board approves '03-'04 calendar The Eugene School Board approved the calendars for the 2003-04 school year at its March 19 meeting. The dates are available on-line, under the "calendars" section to the left of this page.

39. Elementary Schools: Eugene School District 4J School Site . washington Elementary School. Westmoreland Elementary School. YujinGakuen Elementary School. School Site . alternative schools in italics. http://www.4j.lane.edu/schools/elementary/

Intranet Site Map Elementary Schools Basic information about each school, including the address and phone numbers, can be found by clicking on the school's name. When a school has its own web site, you can visit it by clicking the School Site button. Basic School Information School-Developed Web Site Related Topics School Report Cards 2002-2003 School Calendar Adams Elementary School Alternative Kindergarten ... Yujin Gakuen Elementary School alternative schools in italics Schools Site Map Search Validated April 06, 1999 Please send comments or questions to the 4J Web Team 200 North Monroe Street - Eugene, Oregon, 97402 Phone: 541-687-3123 Last updated: Nov. 7, 2002 Eugene School District 4J

40. Corporal Punishment In Schools(RE9754) to encourage the use of alternative methods of 19861987 Elementary and SecondarySchools Civil Rights washington, DC Office of Civil Rights, US Department of http://www.aap.org/policy/re9754.html

Policy Statement Pediatrics Volume 106, Number 02 August 2000, p 343 Corporal Punishment in Schools (RE9754) AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on School Health ABSTRACT. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used. It is estimated that corporal punishment is administered between 1 and 2 million times a year in schools in the United States. Increasingly, states are abolishing corporal punishment as a means of discipline, but statutes in some states still allow school officials to use this form of discipline. The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that corporal punishment may affect adversely a student's self-image and school achievement and that it may contribute to disruptive and violent student behavior. Alternative methods of behavioral management have proved more effective than corporal punishment and are specifically described in the reference articles. Physical force or constraint by a school official may be required in a limited number of carefully selected circumstances to protect students and staff from physical injury, to disarm a student, or to prevent property damage.

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