81. Nations Online :: Turkmenistan Greg Lastowka turkmenistan Information Center Information on turkmenistan TurkmenInternational A guide to turkmenistans culture turkmenistan Online Some http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/turkmenistan.htm

This page is part of One World - Nations Online One World - Nations Online Countries and Nations keywords: turkmenistan information, best of turkmenistan, turkmenistan newspapers, tourist information for turkmenistan, turkmenistan tourism, turkmenistan map Note: Links will open in a new browser window. Turkmenistan Country Code: tm Flag of Turkmenistan Background: Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) border countries: Afghanistan Iran Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Official Sites of Turkmenistan Ministry of Communication of Turkmenistan Embassy of Turkmenistan Washington, D.C. Capital City: Ashgabat Map Political Map of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan.News Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty Turkmen Service The Times of Central Asia Turkmenistan.News

82. AsiaSource: AsiaLINKS - A Resource Of The Asia Society Region Central Asia turkmenistan General (4), Arts culture (4), Asian American(3). Business Economics (12), Country Listings (10), Society History (3). http://www.asiasource.org/links/al_mp_05.cfm?CountryID=4,37&l=2

83. Regional Links Pilgrimage in turkmenistan as a Means to Understand Islam Among the Turkmen byDavid Tyson (Central Asia Monitor, No.1, 1997). culture Turkmens International http://www.wisc.edu/creeca/links/turkmenistan.html

Turkmenistan General Sites Country Overview Online News Laws ... Travel GENERAL SITES Turkmenistan Information Center Turkmenistan Resource Page - by EurasiaNet.org Interactive Central Asia Resource Project - Turkmenistan Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC Turkmenistan Online Turkmenistan Chaihana - by Greg Lastowka Baskurt: A Turkmenchelik Site CountryWatch.com - Turkmenistan COUNTRY OVERVIEW Fact Sheets Trukmenistan on the Internet - General Review CIA World Factbooks - Trukmenistan Factbook 2000 Factbook 1999 Factbook 1996 Enhanced Version of Factbook 1994 UNDP Human Development Report - Turkmenistan 1996 Report Summaries of National Human Development Reports 1995 - Turkmenistan Trukmenistan - A Country Study - US Library of Congress Nations in Transit - Trukmenistan - from Freedom House's 1998 annual report USAID Country Profile: Trukmenistan October, 1996 ONLINE NEWS Turkmen Press - weekly news by the state news agency of Turkmenistan (in English/Russian) Turkmenbashi - in Russian Turkmenistan Daily Digest - news from BBC, Interfax, and RFE/RL (maintained by EurasiaNet.org)

84. Propagating Tissue Culture Currently, there are four MASHAV graduates working in the turkmenistan laboratory,and plans also include building a tissue culture facility onsite. http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH021y0

85. Turkmenistan: President Niyazov To Visit Iran turkmenistan belongs to the basin of Iranian culture. From turkmenistan, we canenter more easily into the whole Central Asian region, Bavand said. http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/03/07032003164528.asp

Email this article to a friend Turkmenistan: President Niyazov To Visit Iran By Antoine Blua Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov will make a rare trip outside his country on 10 March, when he travels to neighboring Iran. Niyazov is likely to discuss gas deliveries and the legal status of the Caspian Sea with his counterpart Mohammad Khatami. RFE/RL looks at the close relationship between the two states and Turkmenistan's place in Tehran's Central Asian policy. Prague, 7 March 2003 (RFE/RL) Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov is due to travel to Iran 10 March. He and Iranian President Mohammad Khatami are expected to consider an increase in Turkmen natural-gas exports to northern Iran and to compare attitudes on the status of the Caspian Sea, among other issues. Artem Malgin is the deputy director of the Center for Post-Soviet Studies at the Moscow State Institute for International Relations. He told RFE/RL that Turkmenistan is seeking to expand its foreign contacts at a time when Western states and the Commonwealth of Independent States have effectively frozen relations with the Central Asian country. "I think it's a significant visit. And to some extent, it marks the foreign activity of Turkmenistan that started a year or two ago. [Last December, the Turkmen government] signed an agreement with Pakistan and Afghanistan on a trans-Afghan [gas] pipeline. I can guess that this visit to Iran will aim at the same field on cooperation I mean energy cooperation with Iran," Malgin said.

86. Travel, Climbing, Adventure Tourism, Rafting, Wildlife In Central Asia And Kyrgy Ashgabat. The capital of turkmenistan it has lot of parks museums and original TheMuseum of History gathered unique exhibits of its rich history and culture. http://www.dostuck.com.kg/page.php?cat=Turkmenistan

87. Ministère De La Culture De La République Turque - Ouvrages Architecturaux De T Translate this page Titre Ouvrages architecturaux de turkmenistan ( XI-XVI siècles) Auteur, Traducteur,Éditeur, etc Ministère de la culture de la République Turque 2002. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/portal/default_fr.asp?belgeno=929

88. 1Up Travel > Turkmenistan > Welfare, Living Standards, Wages, Prices In Turkmeni Although living standards have not declined as sharply in turkmenistan as in manyother the cities, there are also many disparities in terms of culture and way http://www.1uptravel.com/country-guide-study/turkmenistan/turkmenistan35.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here Country Studies - Guide Turkmenistan ADVERTISEMENT Country Studies Guide For List of Countries,Go to Main Page Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Welfare Under the conditions of independence in the early 1990s, the standard of living in Turkmenistan did not drop as dramatically as it did in other former Soviet republics. Thus, the relatively small population of the nation of Turkmenistan did not require extensive state investment for the basic requirements of survival as the nation attempted the transition to a market economy. Living Standards Although living standards have not declined as sharply in Turkmenistan as in many other former Soviet republics, they have dropped in absolute terms for most citizens since 1991. Availability of food and consumer goods also has declined at the same time that prices have generally risen. The difference between living conditions and standards in the city and the village is immense. Aside from material differences such as the prevalence of paved streets, electricity, plumbing, and natural gas in the cities, there are also many disparities in terms of culture and way of life. Thanks to the rebirth of national culture, however, the village has assumed a more prominent role in society as a valuable repository of Turkmen language and traditional culture.

89. The National Museum Of Turkmenistan the exhibits in this hall date from the middle ages which came to turkmenistan afterthe Arabian conquest in YII century. The heyday of this culture came will http://www.heritagenet.unesco.kz/tm/turkmen_site/museum.htm

The National Museum of Turkmenistan Technical parameters of the museum: General area – 14563 sq.m Exhibition area – 3171 sq.m Number of exhibition halls – 7 Number of storage units – 33776 Designed for 2500 visitors a day On the 12 th of November the greatest museum complex in Turkmenistan and the Middle East opened its doors in Ashgabat, combining the collections of the former museums of history and ethnography, regional study and the arts. About 500,000 exhibits are displayed in the new museum. It boasts a full collection of Turkmenistan’s most significant architectural finds of the XX century; a large number of ancient Turkmen carpets and rugs; examples of national dress and fabrics; traditional household equipment; musical instruments; weapons; jewelry; orders and medals, and historical documents. Its unique collection of paintings, drawings and sculptures includes not only Turkmen fine arts but masterpieces of some Russian and Western European artists of the nineteenth-twentieth centuries. The collection includes early paintings, water-colors and icons among its exhibits. Moreover the museum reveals the variety of Turkmenistan’s landscape; its floras and fauna, fossils and rare geological finds. Let’s take a small excursion through the museum and its halls.

90. AFGHANS: Their History And Culture The Altaic peoples have contributed a great deal toAfghan culture. are known acrossthe world as master rug weavers–the flag of new turkmenistan includes an http://www.culturalorientation.net/afghan/apeop.html

culturalorientation.net -home AFGHANS CULTURE PROFILE CHAPTER C ONTENTS P REFACE ... IBLIOGRAPHY SCROLL TO: The Pashtuns The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups The Altaic Groups Other Ethnic Groups The People However, while the different groups differ in language and culture, they also share fundamental qualities. One of the most striking qualities of the Afghan people is their toughness and resilience. Popular culture is based on tradition, steeped in religion and colored by tribal relics of war, romance and magic. The map below shows the major ethnic groups that live in Afghanistan and indicates the extension of the groups into neighboring countries. top Pashtuns are the dominant ethnic group. The Pashtuns The Pashtuns , or Pushtuns , constitute an estimated 38% of the population of Afghanistan, and as such are the ethnic majority. Though their origin is unclear, their legends say that they are the descendants of Afghana, grandson of King Saul. Most scholars, however, believe that the Pashtuns probably arose from an intermingling of ancient and subsequent invaders. Pashtuns are Caucasians, of medium height, with strong, straight noses, black hair, and dark eyes, although there is a high incidence of blue, green, and gray eyes: The young girl with the unforgettable blue eyes featured in many National Geographic

91. Turkmen-American Mosque Preservation Project Opened In Annau US Ambassador to turkmenistan Laura E. Kennedy and turkmenistan's Minister of CultureOrazgeldy Aydogdiyev opened the project by joining two pieces of the http://www.usemb-ashgabat.rpo.at/cult_pres.html

English version Türkmen dilinde Pycckuú What's New? ... Search Official Site of the U. S. Embassy in Turkmenistan Turkmen-American Mosque Preservation Project Opened in Annau The Governments of Turkmenistan and the United States officially opened a restoration project at the 15th-century Seit Jemmalatdin Mosque in Annau on October 11, 2001. With support from the U.S. Ambassador's Fund for Cultural Preservation, local archeologists and historians will reconstruct the unique mosaic tile of the mosque, build tourist walkways and strengthen the foundation of the ruins. U.S. Ambassador to Turkmenistan Laura E. Kennedy and Turkmenistan's Minister of Culture Orazgeldy Aydogdiyev opened the project by joining two pieces of the ancient mosaic, which both said was symbolic of the two countries' cooperation and friendship. The event marked the one-month anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks in America, as well as the 53 rd anniversary of the earthquake of 1948 that destroyed Ashgabat and the mosque. At the opening ceremony, Ambassador Kennedy said that this day "marks the opening of a project with significant religious, historic and artistic value, as well as with profound symbolism for both the United States and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan and the United States will begin the process of putting back together the beautiful mosque and restoring it to the people of Turkmenistan. And also today, together with Turkmenistan and our other friends, we are piecing back together the fabric of the modern world, restoring to us all a sense of security and humanity after the tragic events of September 11."

92. Listings Of The World Regional Asia Turkmenistan Society And http//www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/turkmen.html Added Nov-25-02; EthnologuePost Review Languages of turkmenistan. http//www.ethnologue http://listingsworld.com/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Society_and_Culture/

93. CyberSleuthKids Turkmenistan http //turkmens.com/folkart.html; turkmenistan History, maps, cultureand geography of turkmenistan.. http //valera.8m.com/page1 http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/Geography/Asia/Turkmenistan/

94. TÜRK HABER/TURKMENISTAN Kazakhstan. Kyrgyzstan. turkmenistan. Uzbekistan. Ferghana.ru. The Times Of CentralAsia. The Hunger Site. BASIC INFORMATION Full Country Name turkmenistan. http://www.turkhaber.org/tm.html

TURKMENISTAN HOME News by Country Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan ... Uzbekistan Useful Links Gundogar Freeturkmenistan Adana Ayfon Amasya Ankara Antalya Aydin Balikesir Bingöl Bolu Bitlis Bursa Canakkale Corum Denizli Diyarbakir Edirne Elazig Erzincan Erzurum Eskisehir Gaziantep Giresun Isparta Istanbul Izmir Kahramanmaras Kars Kastamonu Kayseri Kirsehir Konya Malatya Mardin Mugla Nigde Sanliurfa Siirt Sinop Sivas Tekirdag Trabzon Usak Van Yozgat Zonguldak Amsterdam Baku Bishkek Frankfurt London Los Angeles Madrid Moscow New York Oslo Paris Ashgabat Sydney Stockholm Tashkent Toronto Vienna Zurich Central Asia News Turkish Daily News Eurasianet.org Ferghana.ru The Times Of Central Asia BASIC INFORMATION Full Country Name: Turkmenistan Area: Population: Capital City: Ashgabat (population: 450,000) People: 77% Turkmen, 9% Uzbeks, 7% Russians, 2% Kazakhs, 5% other Languages: Russian and Turkmen Religion(s): Sunni Muslim Currency: Tenge Major political parties: Democratic Party of Turkmenistan Head of State: Saparmyrat Niyazov Prime Minister/Premier: Saparmyrat Niyazov Foreign Minister: Rashid Meredov Membership of international groupings/organisations: Turkmenistan is a member of the OSCE, the UN, the IMF and EBRD. It initialled a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU in May 1998. The UK and some other EU Partners have not ratified this Agreement.

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