21. Education World® - *Social Sciences : Area Studies : Pacific / Oceania : Tonga information. tonga culture People Resource offers pictures and descriptionsof the ways and traditions of native Tongan styles of dress. http://db.education-world.com/perl/browse?cat_id=5644

22. Tonga Nuku'alofa Welcome Latterday Saints. The Site is Maintained by a Palangi who did notserve in Tonga but loves the tonga culture. Please feel free http://tonga.nukualofa.mission.net/

23. Fiji Culture Guide fiji tourist information. Readers may also be interested in the following destinationsCook Island Culture Samoa Culture tonga culture Hawaii Culture. http://www.fiji-travel.com/culture.html

Fijian Culture History Sights Village Visits Handcrafts Fiji Culture Guide Indigenous Fijians live in communal environments with chiefs holding enormous powers over the common villagers. Land is not owned by individual families, rather land is given to them by the chief to farm. Houses, or bures in Fijian , sit side by side, often radiating from the chiefs house, and are without borders or fences. The village church is usually the most elaborate building in the village and Sunday is a strict day of rest. Women do most of the work around the house from collecting firewood for cooking to weaving mats for the floors whilst the men fish, plant and above all else, drink yaqona , the traditional drink of fiji. The village playing field is the centre of activity at sundown when all men relax playing touch rugby. Whilst it is not ethical to just turn up at a village expecting accommodation, Fijians are very hospitable people and often invite guests to stay in their homes. Presenting a gift of Yaqona roots is the customary gratuity. Some villages offer homestay or guesthouse accommodation and these offer a great insight into Fijian culture and a chance to explore the local environment. When exploring, tourists should always be accompanied by a local villager so as not to cause any insult to the local landowners. Village stay accommodation in Fiji Fiji History Village Visits Fijian Culture ... Handcrafts Yaqona Yaqona is the traditional drink of Fiji and serves as a ceremonial and social mediator between parties. Yaqona ceremonies are performed at all social and cultural events from village fund-raising to Weddings. Participants sit in a circle on the floor facing the tanoa, a large hand-carved wooden bowl used for mixing the drink. Participants drink the brown liquid from a small half coconut shell of mixed Yaqona, one at a time, amidst chanting and hand-clapping. The taste is quite unusual to the western palette and leaves a slight numbing effect on the tongue. Drunk in volume, Yaqona causes lethargy and a slight loss of co-ordination, or, as the Fijians like to put it, relaxation. Guests are also welcomed to a village through the Yaqona ceremony and many resorts hold nightly sessions. This is a great way to get to know the people. Organized day tours to a village should include the yaqona ceremony.

24. NEWS.com.au | Tonga's Queen 'not Amused' (archived) In tonga culture requires much tougher standards and in a royal presence reportersnot only need a tie, but both male and female must wear a ta'ovala or woven http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,6115593%5E401,00.html

Back from the dead : Accused serial killer's victim found alive in police raid April 07, 2003 News Home Breaking News Focus on Iraq State News ... Cartoon Other Sections Business Technology Entertainment body+soul ... Trivia Quiz Our Newspapers The Australian Herald Sun Daily Telegraph The Courier-Mail ... Email This Article Tonga's Queen 'not amused' TONGA'S queen has denounced the "insulting and disrespectful" dress style of Pacific reporters who were covering her visit to Fiji, the Fiji Times has reported. Queen Halaevalu Mata'aho is on a state visit to Fiji while her husband, King Taufa'ahau Tupou, is back in his kingdom where he recently banned the country's main newspaper, Taimi 'o Tonga. The Fiji Times said Mata'aho took exception to two journalists who were at a regional book launch and whom she and her entourage from Tonga described as "insulting and disrespectful". She said publishers and editors of different media organisations should instruct their reporters on what to wear when on significant assignments. Fiji Media Council chairman Daryl Tarte told the newspaper that reporters should be fully aware of what to wear when they were covering stories about distinguished people.

25. Tongan History Association Homepage Founded 1989 to preserve, study, and discuss significant events in the development of the Tongan nation Category Society History Organizations...... with the kind permission of the editors, the following articles which appeared inthe publication, Gunson, Herda and Terrell (eds.) tonga culture and History http://sunsite.anu.edu.au/spin/PACASSOC/TONGHIST/tonghist.htm

THE TONGAN HISTORY ASSOCIATION T Tonga Culture and History , RSPAS, ANU, 1990. CONTENTS Introduction A brief history of the Tongan History Conference and Association Tongan History Association Newsletter Membership to the Tongan History Association ... 2003 THA Conference INTRODUCTION PACIFIC ISLANDS history has always had its devotees outside the Islands although for the greater part of the last two hundred years Western scholars have had to depend on the collections and translations of missionaries, expatriate officials and perceptive visitors rather than on firsthand accounts by Islanders themselves. While there is a considerable amount of vernacular material extant only a small proportion of this has been translated satisfactorily. Although historians and anthropologists have been working in this field throughout the twentieth century their positive contribution to Islands history has often been offset by their dependence on the writings and collections of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and their ignorance of alternative traditions and lack of critical expertise in the assessment of traditional material. Westerners are not alone in this. In the countries Christianised early, particularly within Polynesia, much of the traditional material survives in the written word rather than in the schooled memory of the traditional custodians of knowledge and much of that material has also been bowdlerised, sanitised, or otherwise changed by indigenous Christian and political censorship. Younger, more critical Pacific Islanders just do not have access to a comprehensive living tradition of their ancestral beliefs, especially in the controversial areas of religion and politics. They, too, are forced to stand outside the new culture of the last two hundred years and reassess their history and societal background. This is not an easy task as all too often one gets the impression that - for instance - there is a widespread belief that the present day faka Tonga or fa'a Samoa have not changed since time immemorial.

26. AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, PEOPLE years ago. Some were absorbed into Tsonga cultures, but a separatetonga culture still exists along the lower Zambezi. The Chopi http://www.zzam.org/Full/Africa/Mozambique/People/Mozambique1_People.htm

27. Kingdom Of Tonga - CultureTongan National Center Unique Cultural Experiences Vis Top RegionalOceaniaTongaSociety and culture (8). Categories. Web Pages http://www.sfconsulate.gov.to/culture.htm

28. Kingdom Of Tonga - Culture Feasting is generally followed by singing and dancing. tonga is an extremelytalented musical nation. More information about tongan culture http://www.vacations.tvb.gov.to/culture.htm

Tongan National Center U nique Cultural Experiences Visit the Exhibition Center housing local historical artifacts. The adjacent gallery offers contemporary art and genuine cultural handicrafts. See tapa and Canoe making; wood carving; basket weaving and mat making. For admission fees contact your travel agent, Tonga Visitors Bureau offices worldwide or telephone the Tonga National Center at 23-022. Tonga has a rich tradition of arts and crafts. Basket Making The bleached fibers of pandanus and coconut leaf are some the most common materials to make a variety of unique baskets and containers. Wood Carving Figures of ancient sacred images are a popular subject for local wood carvers. The carver spends days of patient and skilled carving to produce unique goods carved turtles; fish; linen chests and plaques - to name just some items on display. Tongan Jewelry Tongan women wear their jewelry with great pride. You will marvel at the workmanship. Make your selection from unique pendants; pearls or tortoise shell necklaces, Spanish style combs, bracelets or other interesting pieces. Tapa Products Tapa is made and used extensively in Tonga. Tapa cloth plays an important role in Tongan social life. A long and skilled process is involved to convert the bark of the mulberry tree into tapa cloth. Some of the unique items made from tapa include: fans, place mats, wall hangings, table cloths and handbags. On

29. Home Women's cooperative in Binga District. Illustrations of basketwork, woodwork and other products. Notes on tonga history and culture. http://www.bingacraft.co.zw/

Binga Craft Centre Binga Craft Centre is situated in the hot and dry Zambezi Valley in the northwestern part of Zimbabwe. The centre aims at providing Tonga women with an opportunity to earn a living from their traditional Tonga craftwork. This is also an effort to preserve the Tonga culture. Monica Muleya is busy finishing her Tonga basket , which she will sell to the craft centre. The income she earns is used for paying school fees for her children and buying food and medicine for her family. Contact Details: P. Bag 5745, Binga, Zimbabwe Tel/Fax: (+263) 015 247 Email: bingacc@ecoweb.co.zw Useful Links: MS Zimbabwe and About Binga and the Tonga: www.mulonga.net About Us Basket Weave Woodwork ... Enviromental Training

30. Kingdom Of Tonga - Culture Kava has been part of tongan formal ceremony and social culture for more thantwo thousand years. Friday night Kava clubs can be found all over tonga. http://www.vacations.tvb.gov.to/culture2.htm

Tongan handicrafts are not mass produced. Each piece is unique. The visitor can see still the traditional methods of tapa making and basket weaving, The workmanship of Tongan handicrafts is reputed to be the finest in the Pacific. Kava is often called the "official drink of the Pacific". It is made from the ground roots of a native pepper plant (Pepper Methysticum). Kava has been part of Tongan formal ceremony and social culture for more than two thousand years. Friday night Kava clubs can be found all over Tonga. Visitors are always welcome and the location of the nearest Kava club can be found by asking any taxi driver. Tongan postage stamps can be highly unusual. They can come in very odd shapes. and sizes. Stamps have been issued depicting colorful shells, birds, and fruits, and commemorative events. Where time begins! Tonga is 13 hours ahead of GMT or UTC, and is one hour ahead of New Zealand standard time. Japan is 4 hours ahead of GMT or UTC. The Kingdom of Tonga is the first country in the world to see first each "new" day.

31. PACIFIC ISLAND WEB DIRECTORY: Countries : Tonga : Culture PACIFIC ISLAND WEB DIRECTORY Countries tonga culture Top Countries tonga culture Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource http://www.pacificforum.com/links/Countries/Tonga/culture/

PACIFIC ISLAND WEB DIRECTORY: Countries : Tonga : culture Top Countries Tonga : culture Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource What's New ... Search Links: The Tapa pages - The tapa pages by Mike Weston are quite descriptive (Added: 31-Dec-1997 Hits: 479) Tongan Language - Crash course in the Tongan language for anybody wanting to start learning Tongan. (Added: 27-Oct-1998 Hits: 228) Tongan Proverbs - Proverbs of the Tongan Islands. Most of this page is under construction. (Added: 27-Oct-1998 Hits: 120) Tongan Wedding!! - A lively description of a wedding of a Tongan and palangi in Vava'u. Pictures as well... (Added: 31-Dec-1997 Hits: 558) Looking for something in particular? More Options Pages Updated On: 24-Mar-2000 Visit the KAVABOWL

32. PACIFIC ISLAND WEB DIRECTORY: Countries : Polynesia : Tonga : Culture PACIFIC ISLAND WEB DIRECTORY Countries Polynesia tonga cultureTop Countries Polynesia tonga culture Home Add http://www.pacificforum.com/links/Countries/Polynesia/Tonga/culture/

PACIFIC ISLAND WEB DIRECTORY: Countries : Polynesia : Tonga : culture Top Countries Polynesia Tonga : culture Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource What's New ... Search Links: Tonga - Tonga, world's gateway to the new Millenium. History, Geography, Education, Culture, Economy Language, Proverbs, Toloa Honourboard (Added: 9-Sep-1998 Hits: 67) Looking for something in particular? More Options Pages Updated On: 24-Mar-2000 Visit the KAVABOWL

33. Culture In Tonga tonga. tonga culture and History culture. You are here tongaYour search for culture and History - culture returned 0 results. http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/culture_and_history/culture/tonga_tonga_1.htm

var c = "c2"; Home Travel Guide Flights Cars ... Adventure Tours USA users click here for the best deals Tonga Tonga : Culture in You are here: Tonga Your search for Culture in returned results Global Travel Toolbox Books Currency Converter Finance and Insurance Food and Drink Fun and Trivia Language Converter Look Up / Reference luggage Maps Miscellaneous Outdoor Travelling Gear Telecoms and Communications Tickets for Events Travel Magazines Travel Tips Weather Global Travel Toolbox flights Car Rental Hotels Hostels ... Search Amazon.co.uk Travel Search Country Guides City Guides Resort Guides Argentina Aruba Australia Austria Bahamas Barbados Belgium Belize Bolivia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Cambodia Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador England Estonia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Holland Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Lebanon Luxembourg Malaysia Maldives Malta Mexico Mongolia Morocco Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Pakistan Panama

34. TradeXport - Oceania - Tonga - Culture 36,736 sites/1,913 categories /63 visitors this month, http://216.54.220.4/Dir/Oceania/Tonga/Culture/Index.cfm

36,736 sites/1,913 categories /139 visitors this month Friday, 11 April 2003 Country Map Business Guide Oceania Tonga : Culture

35. Tonga Slide Show slidenext, tonga is one of the most traditional South Pacific Islands with a richliving culture, tightly knit village communites and strong family networks. http://www.tonga.islands-travel.com/Travel/culture01.html

Ha'amonga 'A Maui Triliton, Tongatapu - 1 of 12 next The ancient Kingdom of Tonga once ruled much of Polynesia. The trilithon at Ha'amonga on the east coast of Tongatapu was an important ceremonial site and is the largest stone trilithon in the South Pacific. or click above for picture www.Islands-Travel.com

36. Tonga Pictures - Culture TC01 Ha'amonga Trilithon, tongatapu, tonga, TC-02 Ancient Tomb, tongatapu,tonga, TC-03 Landing Spot of Captain Cook, tongatapu, tonga. http://www.tonga.islands-travel.com/Culture.html

Tonga Pictures Cook Is Fiji Hawaii Tahiti ... Samoa Culture Home Beach Scenes Islands ... Towns TC-01 Ha'amonga Trilithon, Tongatapu, Tonga TC-02 Ancient Tomb, Tongatapu, Tonga TC-03 Landing Spot of Captain Cook, Tongatapu, Tonga TC-04 Weaving in Village, Tonga TC-05 Tapa Design, Tonga TC-06 Mat Presentation, Tonga TC-07 Traditional Dance, Tonga TC-08 Traditional Dance, Tonga TC-09 Traditional Dance, Tonga last updated on 20 February 2003 by Islands Travel Lot 7, Qanville Estate, Nasoso, Box 10146, Nadi Airport, Fiji South Pacific Contact Us

37. Peace Corps | Countries | The Pacific | Tonga | Country & Culture culture tongan families are close knit and take care of each other in almost every andbelong to any one of the twenty or so different denominations in tonga. http://www.peacecorps.gov/countries/tonga/culture.cfm

April 12, 2003 8:01 PM Geography and Climate The Kingdom of Tonga consists of 171 islands, 36 of which are inhabited, and is spread over 360,000 square kilometers of ocean. The total land area is only 670 square kilometers (about the same size as the city of Dallas, Texas). About 77 percent of the total land area is arable, the highest percentage in the world. These islands are spread over the ocean and extend over 8.5 degrees of latitude (15ƒ S-23.5ƒ S) and through five degrees of longitude (173ƒ W-178ƒ W). Tonga lies three degrees east of the International Dateline and would have been a day behind Fiji and New Zealand, who are just west of the Dateline. However, to include Tonga in the same time zone as her neighbors, the International Dateline is bent just east of Tonga. For this reason, Tonga is the first country in the world to welcome each new day. Tonga's climate can be described as mild to warm, humid and moderately wet. Throughout the year there is no real difference in temperature but there is a distinct wet and dry season. The hot wet season is from December to May with temperatures ranging from 77 to 81 degrees Fahrenheit. These are the wettest months, particularly January, February and March. This is also the cyclone season. The months of May to November are the cool dry season. The average temperature ranges from 71 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Economy Tonga is a constitutional monarchy ruled by His Majesty King Taufa'”hau Tupou IV. Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1875, Tonga became a Kingdom under a monarch whose heirs are entitled to perpetual succession to the Throne. The Government is divided into three branches: Executive, which is headed by His Majesty's Privy Council and Cabinet; Legislative Assembly (Parliament); and, Judiciary.

38. Peace Corps | Countries | The Pacific | Tonga | Related Resources tonga's high school. tupouhs.fwc.edu.to World Fact Book offers informationon tonga's culture, climate, and government. www.cia.gov http://www.peacecorps.gov/countries/tonga/resources.cfm

April 12, 2003 8:01 PM The following resources may be useful in learning more about the country and culture of Tonga. Please note: Peace Corps does not offer books for sale or loan. Your library or a book-locating service may be able to assist you with harder-to-find editions and articles. The opinions expressed in these books, articles and Web sites are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Peace Corps or the government of the United States. Online References Books Online References Tupou High School: this site gives insight into Tonga's high school. tupouhs.fwc.edu.to World Fact Book: offers information on Tonga's culture, climate, and government. www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tn.html Books Douglas, Norman and Ngaire. - Tonga - A Guide. Pacific Profile, Australia, 1989. Tonga A travel Survival Kit. Deanna Swaney, Lonely Planet. Ledyard, Patricia.- 'Utulei, My Tongan Home. Vava'u Press. 1987. 192 pages. Marcus, George E. -

39. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Tonga. On June 4, 1970, tonga became completely independent of the United Kingdom.culture tonga has a unique cultural experience. Feasting http://www.1uptravel.com/international/oceaniapacific/tonga/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Tonga ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History The Tongan Islands were probably settled from Fiji about 3,500 years ago. Tonga developed as a highly stratified society with social classes and paramount chiefs. Warfare was common as chiefs competed to expand their respective domains. In 1616 Dutch explorers became the first Europeans to visit Tonga. They were followed by the British explorer. On June 4, 1970, Tonga became completely independent of the United Kingdom. Culture Tonga has a unique cultural experience. Feasting plays a major role in the Tongan lifestyle, with Tongan feasts famous throughout the Pacific for their variety of food and gargantuan size.

40. 1Up Travel > Tonga > Travel & Tourism | Tourist Guide To Tonga Topography of tonga Read more about the geography and topography of tonga. Historyof tonga - Presents a detailed historical background and culture of tonga. http://www.1uptravel.com/international/oceaniapacific/tonga/

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Tonga ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Featured in Beachcomber Community Guides INTRODUCTION Tonga is a country made up of about 150 islands in the South Pacific Ocean. The British explorer Captain James Cook, who first visited the islands in 1773, called them the Friendly Islands. In 1789, Captain William Bligh and 18 crewmen of the British ship Bounty floated through the islands after being cast adrift in a small boat by mutineers. Tonga is the only remaining kingdom of Polynesia, one of the three main groups of the Pacific Islands. It became independent in 1970 after being a protectorate of the United Kingdom since 1900. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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