61. Tibet, General Information tibet's history An Annotated Chronology of Relations in the 20th Century (www.tibeticlt.org,USA) By Ken Herold, Second Edition, February 1994, International http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVLPages/TibPages/tib-geninfo.html

The World-Wide Web Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree WWW VL database WWW VL Global Search Tibetan Studies - General Information about Tibet Edited by Dr T.Matthew Ciolek [Est.: 7 Apr 1995. Last updated: 17 Dec 2002. This page is optimised for the transmission speed, not for the fancy looks.] The purpose of this document is to provide central access point to general online resources dealing with Tibet . The document is a part of the Tibetan Studies WWW Virtual Library . Please mail tmciolek@ciolek.com if you know of relevant networked resource not in this page. Conversely, please notify maintainers of this document if you feel that any of the URLs listed on this page is no longer good enough to be registered here. Your feed-back will be gratefully appreciated. [archival site] Databases Flag Human Rights Medicine ... Tibet Online Bookstore Amazon.com USA Books Music Video Enter keywords... Tibetan Studies - General Information about Tibet Tibet Justice Center Reports (www.tibetjustice.org, USA) [(formerly, International Committee of Lawyers for Tibet). Violence and Discrimination Against Tibetan Women (1998); The Case Concerning Tibet - Tibet's Sovereignty and the Tibetan People's Right to Self-Determination; Occupied Tibet: The Case in International Law; Violence Against Tibetan Women (1995); The Role of Tibetan Women in the Independence Movement; Beijing Women's Conference: The Tibetan Perspective; United Nations World Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II); Using Law and Politics to Protect Tibet's Environment; Housing Rights Violations; UN Interventions drafted by ICLT; Annotated Chronology of Relations in 20th Century (287k)]

62. Introduction To Tibet - MultiMedia CD From Voice Of Tibet tibet Introduction to tibet A CDrom visit to tibet. A visual guideto tibet's history, religion, culture, society and geography. http://www.tibet.dk/tibetintro.htm

Interactive Multi-Media CD from Voice of Tibet TIBET Introduction to Tibet A CD-rom visit to Tibet A visual guide to Tibet's history, religion, culture, society and geography. History - Ethnic origin - Yarlung Dynasty - Spreading of Buddhism - The Vth Dalai Lama - Manchu Expansion - The Chinese Occupation Culture - Architectures - Crafts - Painting - Theatre - Medicines - Astronomy Religion - Bon - Tibetan Buddhism - Monastery - Puja - Mandala - Ritual Dance - Debate - Rinpoche- Precious Master Society - Traditional Society - Nomads - Clergy - Women of Tibet Geography - Geographical Map - Major Monastries - Mt. Kailash - Ethnic Tibet. Tibet Today: - Chinese Occupation - Tibetans in Exile - XIVth Dalai Lama - Present Situation Includes: Films, pictures, maps, music and everything you need to know about Tibet. Contributors Created and realized by Paolo Pobbiati and Piero Verni. - Production of the English version: Voice of Tibet. - Projects, graphics and development: Paolo Pobbiati. - Text and movies: Piero Verni. - Photos: Vicki Sevegnani, Aldo Tempesti, Paolo Pobbiati, Giusy and Franco Marco. - Coverdesign English version: Morten Vaagen. Your Support By buying this CD-rom you are supporting the "Voice of Tibet"

63. WWW.ODYSSEY.COM tibet's history can be diveded into four period 1. The Tsanpo'sPeriod. This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the http://www.tibet-tour.com/abouttibet/history.htm

HOME ABOUT TIBET TOUR INDEX ABOUT US ... FAQ More Infomation Tibet Geography Tibetan History People in Tibet Climate ... Tibetan Food Tibetan history Tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. However, the written history only dates back to the 7th century when Songtsan Gampo, the 33rd Tibetan king, sent his minister Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit who on his return invented the present Tibetan script based on Sanskrit. Tibet's history can be diveded into four period: 1. The Tsanpo's Period This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos, in 127 B.C(historians differ in view of the date, but this date is taken from the White Annales, a reliabl book on Tibetan history) and ends in 842 A.D. at the death of Lang Dharma, the last of the Tsanpos, who was assassinated by a buddhist monk owing to Lang Dharma's ruthless persecution of Buddhism. During this period some 42 Tsanpos had ruled over Tibet among which Songtsan Gampo's rule was considered as the zenith. Songtsan Gamoi was an outstandingruler, he unified Tibet, changed his capital to Lhasa, sent Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit and promulaged a script for the Tibetan on the latter's arrival to tbiet, married Princess Wencheng of the tang Court and Pricess Bhrikuti Debi of Nepal, built the Potala and the temple and the temple of Jokhang

64. History The majority of tibetans believe in tibetan Buddhism of which many sectsdeveloped during tibet's long history. After the establishment http://www.tibetours.com/About Tibet/history.htm

TIBETOURS E verything you want to know about going to Tibet Actuality History People Geography ... Food History In ancient times, the Tibetans on the plateau cultivated a close relationship with the Han and with other ethnic groups from the Chinese interior. In the 7th century, this relationship reached its peak when Srong-btsan Sgam-po (Songtsan Gambol, the king of the Tubo kingdom who ruled the Tibetan Plateau at that time twice sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty emperor to propose to Princess Wen Cheng who he later married. The Tibetans and Hans had through the marriage of their royal families and various meetings, formed close economic and cultural relations laying the groundwork for the ultimate foundation of a unified nation. In Lhasa the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the statue of Princess Wen Cheng is still enshrined and worshipped in the Potala Palace. The Monument to the Alliance between the Tibetans and the Han erected in the 9th century still stands in the square in front of the Jokhang Temple. After the People's Republic of China was founded, the central government notified local Tibetan authorities to ''send delegates to Beijing to negotiate the peaceful liberation of Tibet'' On 23rd May 1951 the ''17-Article Agreement'' was signed after delegates from the central government and the local Tibetan government reached agreement on a series of questions concerning Tibet's peaceful liberation. The Dalai Lama sent a telegram and the Baingen Lama issued a statement both supporting the ''17-Article Agreement'' and expressing their de- sires to ''safeguard the unification of the motherland and her territorial sovereignty.''

65. Sherpa History Culture Buddhist Nyingma Tibet Lama Kham route, coming out of Kham, at their extensive Sherpa history site www enjoyed relativelypeaceful independence from surrounding warlords in Nepal and tibet. http://www.bena.com/sherpa1/sfa/sSherFac.htm

Sherpa Friendship Association Serving the International Sherpa Community since 1993 SFA_USA@hotmail.com SFA Home Page = www.bena.com/sherpa1/sfa/sFA_home.htm see also FAQ on SHERPA Customs What does "Sherpa" mean? Where do SHERPAS ... Facts about Yaks Q: What does the term SHERPA mean A: Although westerners pronounce it "Sher-pa" the native Sherpa pronunciation is "Shar-wa." Shar means "east" wa means "person" - in Sherpa and Tibetan language. In Tibetan script, the word "Shar-wa" is spelled like this. The word "Sharwa" is also a relatively recent identifier. As the eminent Nepali anthropologist Dor Bahadur Bista remarks in his extensive descriptions of Nepal's many ethnic and tribal groups "Peoples of Nepal" (Ratna Pustak, Kathmandu, 1967): "Through the course of time the name Sherpa has gained so much currency that it almost acts as a tribal name, and it does in fact define a specific group of people. Before Sherpas were so highly publicized by mountaineering expeditions they introduced themselves to other societies as "Shar Khombo" - i.e., the inhabitants of Shar-Khumbu. " (p.162) Q: Who is the world's most famous Sherpa?

66. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries The fifth Dalai Lama was his ally and is honoured as the greatestleader in tibet's history. His name is Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso. http://library.thinkquest.org/25772/site/english/noframes/tour1.htm

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Tibet : The Roof of the World , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Tibet : The Roof of the World click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Tibet : The Roof of the World click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1999 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption Imagine a place of tall, snow-covered mountains and pristine lakes. Imagine a place with unique buildings and monasteries covered in emblems and colours dedicated to religion and strong beliefs. Imagine a culture with the worship and praise of Buddha and religious founders being its essence. Here, the people care nothing for war and strive for peace. However, a land this wonderful could only stay pure and free for so long. Some call it the Tibet Autonomous Region. We prefer to call it Tibet, the Roof of the World. This site which contains information on many different subjects related to Tibet. Students Janine h.n.werkmancollege

67. China Tibet A Chinese perspective on the history, culture and religious life of tibet.Category Regional Asia tibet Society and Culture......Chinese Version. CopyrightChina Internet Information Center Guestbook. http://www.tibet-china.org/indexE.html

Chinese Version Guestbook Chinese Version Guestbook

68. Powell's Books - Used, New, And Out Of Print C Goldstein Synopsis Drawing upon his deep knowledge of the tibetan culture andpeople, Goldstein takes us through the history of tibet, concentrating on the http://www.powells.com/subsection/WorldHistoryTibetandNepal.html

Technical Books Kids' Books eBooks more search options ... Windows World History Writing view all sections... Tibet and Nepal There are 39 books in this aisle. Browse the aisle by Title by Author by Price See recently arrived used books in this aisle. Featured Titles in World History -Tibet and Nepal: Page 1 of 3 next Used Hardcover List Price $26.00 Virtual Tibet: Searching for Shangri-La from the Himalayas to Hollywood by Orville Schell From Powells.com In 1953, a young Orville Schell happened upon a copy of Seven Years in Tibet, Heinrich Harrer's classic account of living in Tibet during the second world war. He was hooked: "Harrer's book offered a fabulous escapist tale of an isolated, ancient... read more about this title check for other copies Used Hardcover List Price $31.00 The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 by Tsering Shakya Publisher Comments Since 1950, Tibet has been sandwiched between the heavyweights of Asian geopolitics: Britain, absolving itself of its colonial dominion; India, finding its legs as a newly independent nation; China, seeking to simultaneously consolidate its new communist...

69. Tibetan History Planet, 4th ed., 1999) 2. Ray Wong(?) , China A Macro history ( , 27th ed., 1998) 3. http//omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/history.html iif01 http://ihome.cuhk.edu.hk/~a014700/tibet/tibet_history.html

Back to Tibet Main Planning (AccuWeather) Itinerary (html) Tibetan History Items to bring (pdf) ... Revised Itinerary Tibetan History - a simple guide Year (A.D.) Significant Persons Events Songtsen Gampo (618-49) The history of Tibet in general began with him. Spread of Buddihism. Construction of a fort (no longer exists) on the site of now Potala Palace. Trisong Detse (755-97) Tibetan influence extended across Turkestan, northern Parkistan, Nepal and India. Established the first monasteric institution at Samye to carry out systematic translation of Buddhist scriptures and training of Tibetan monks. In 763, Tibetan army invaded then Tang (618-907) capital Changan. Trisong Detse Ralpanchen Trisong Detse Ralpanchen was assassinated by his brother, Langdharma, who launched an attack on Buddhism Langdharma Langdharma assassinated by monks Buddhism The first generation of Tibetan Buddhism was called the Red branch (Nying-ma-pa). · Different branches of Tibetan Buddhism, Black Hat (Ka-dams-pa), Flower branch (Sa-skya-pa), White branch (Ka-gyud-pa ) flourished in the different parts of Tibet. Red and Black Hat branches were not concerned with the temporal world matters, and were concentrated only on religion.

70. ::: > EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT TIBET < ::: tibet a history, tibet - a history, The Dalai Lama's proposal, The Flag, The Map, This information is from www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz/tibet.html, http://www.estibet.org/e/verschiedenes/index_verschiedenes.html

History of Tibet Photo gallery Books Recipes ... Annual report Tibet - a history Tibet - a history The Dalai Lama's proposal The Flag The Map This information is from www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz/tibet.html Little is known of the beginnings of the Tibetan people. They originated from the nomadic, warlike tribes known as the Qiang. Chinese records of these tribes date back as far as the 2nd century BC. However, the people of Tibet were not to emerge as a politically united force until the 7th century AD. Important regional power By the end of the tenth century Tibet had withdrawn from Chinese and Indian territories. Tibetans did not entirely forget their military past, and no-one dared invade them, but they were no longer an expansionist people. Priest-patron relationship with Mongolia Gelupa sect and the Dalai Lama Increasing chinese influence But by the mid-seventeeth century Mongol power was on the wane and the new Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) in China began to cast covetous glances in Tibet's direction. When the Great Fifth Dalai Lama died in 1682 there were fears that the Chinese would seize the chance to invade. Amazingly, his death was kept secret for 15 years as an impersonator was put in his place. Unfortunately when the new Dalai Lama was found and enthroned his main interests were sex, wine and love poetry.

71. Travel In Tibet - China - Asia - History - WorldTravelGate.net®- Agencies.! tibet history. tibetan history can be traced thousands ofyears back. tibet's history can be divided into four periods. The http://www.asiatravelling.net/china/tibet/tibet_history.htm

Tibet - History Tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. However, the written history only dates back to the 7th century when Songtsan Gampo, the 33rd Tibetan king, sent his minister Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit who on his return invented the present Tibetan script based on Sanskrit. Tibet's history can be divided into four periods The Tsanpo's Period This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos, in 127 BC (historians differ in view of the date, but this date is taken from the White Annales, a reliable book on Tibetan history) and ends in 842 AD at the death of Lang Dharma, the last of the Tsanpos, who was assassinated by a Buddhist monk owing to Lang Dharma's ruthless persecution of Buddhism. During this period some 42 Tsanpos had ruled over Tibet among which Songtsan Gampo's rule was considered as the zenith. Songtsan Gamoi was an outstanding ruler, he unified Tibet, changed his capital to Lhasa, sent Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit and promulaged a script for the Tibetan on the latter's arrival to Tibet, married Princess Wencheng of the tang Court and Princess Bhrikuti Debi of Nepal, built the Potala and the temple and the temple of Jokhang. The period of Decentralisation This period began in 842 AD the year of Lang Dharma's assassination, and ended in about 1260 AD, when Pagpa, the Abbot of Sakya monastery, became a vassal of Kublai Khan, the first Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. During this period a little is known in history except that Tibet vecame decentralized into a number of petty principalities.

72. Cycling The KKH And Tibet With Trackster Man In 1904, tibet's self imposed isolation came to an end when the shot and bayonettedits way to Lhasa, another glorious episode in Britain's colonial history. http://www.btinternet.com/~peteajones/KKHTibet/history.htm

intro wallpaper travelogue history ... links Pakistan was born out of the fires of Partition in 1947, when the British pulled out of their old colony. What had been British India split along religious lines, with a Hindu India bordered by Muslim West and East Pakistan (the latter subsequently became Bangladesh). Mass migration and ethnic massacres took place on an epic scale as the new countries sought to define themselves. The Kashmir situation continues to cause tension between Pakistan and India. The state was largely Muslim but ruled by the Sikh Maharajah Hari Singh, who wanted to remain independant from both India and Pakistan. Muslim Pathan tribesmen forced the issue; they declared Jihad shortly after Partition and invaded Kashmir. India flew in troops and the two countries were at war. A UN brokered ceasefire split Kashmir down the middle and gave each country a piece to administer, but there is still periodic fighting across the glaciers. The fact that both India and Pakistan now have nuclear capabilities is ominous indeed. to Islamabad (see The Karakorum Highway or KKH runs for 1300 km from Islamabad across the Himalaya to Kashgar in NW China. It took 20 years to bulldoze a road through country that had previously only be open to animal traffic. It's a constant battle keeping it open, especially in the Indus and Ghez gorges where poor blasting techniques have destabilised entire mountainsides. Landslides, earthquakes and river erosion take out big chunks of the road each year, so although much of the highway is paved you'll frequently find yourself bouncing over scree and rubble for hundreds of metres at a time.

73. Tibet: A Brief History tibet A Brief history. Dragon Attacks 19491959 Taking the first steptoward what has become 50 years of oppression, China's People's http://www.rangzen.org/history/history.htm

TIBET: A Brief History Dragon Attacks 1949-1959 Taking the first step toward what has become 50 years of oppression, China's People's Liberation Army invades Tibet, killing more than 10,000. Repeated attempts by The Dalai Lama to negotiate with China are dismissed. In 1950, the 15-year-old Dalai Lama is forced into full leadership of Tibet, while in 1951 a Tibetan Delegation is forced to sign the 17-Point Agreement, promising "Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet." During 1959, The Dalai Lama went to China to speak with Chairman Mao Zedong. Mao told him, "Religion is poison. ... Tibet and Mongolia have both been poisoned by it." Also during this year, the Chinese retaliate against the Tibetan resistance, killing more than 87,000. On March 17, 1959, The Dalai Lama escapes His sacred homeland, seeking political asylum in India. The Chinese declare martial law as thousands of Tibetan refugees begin pouring into India. Smash the Four Olds 1958-1976 During Chairman Mao Zedong's "Great Leap Forward," Tibetans suffered through the Tibetan Cultural Revolution experiencing some of the worst human rights abuses ever known, under the slogan "Smash the Four Olds:" old ideas, old culture, old customs and old habits. Before the Chinese occupation, there are 6,000 Tibetan monasteries in Tibet. After the Cultural Revolution, there are six. Hundreds of thousands of Monks, Nuns and civilians are imprisoned or killed for wearing traditional hairstyles and clothing, engaging in traditional song or dance, or voicing their religious beliefs. Rituals such as prostrations, mantras, prayer wheels, circumambulation, throwing tsampa and burning juniper or incense are strictly prohibited. Anything representing the cultural identity of the Tibetan people is eradicated.

74. TIBETAN COMMUNITY IN BRITAIN ABOUT TIBET The Invasion of tibet The turning point of tibet's history came in 1949,when the People's Liberation Army of the PRC first crossed into tibet. http://www.tibetan-community.org.uk/about_tibet.htm

75. IExplore - Tibet Overview, IExplore Tibet Travel - Travel Tibet tibet's history can be diveded into four periods. The Tsanpo's PeriodThis period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos http://iexplore.nationalgeographic.com/dmap/Tibet/Overview

Home Site Index MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer More TV SUBJECTS: About National Adventure Animals Education History and Kids Maps and News Photography Science and Travel Shop Complete Site Site Index Subscribe Shop Home ... Tibet Overview E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Tibet Travel and Trips Overview Contact Us We're here to help you book your next vacation, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. (US Central Time) Monday-Friday. Call 1-800-iExplore Price Guarantee Our promise: You won't find any of our trips at a lower price anywhere. iExplore offers the best value in adventure and experiential travel... GUARANTEED! Tibet Overview of Tibet Tibet, a rich and beautiful land, is located at the main part of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, south-West frontier of China. Tibet borders with Sichuan, Yuannan, Qinghai And Xinjiang; to the south contiguous to India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Burma, and bounded by Kashmir on the west. When the word Tibet is mentioned something icy chils the readers' nerves. In fact it snows only once or twice in a year and owing to the perpetuity of bright sunshine, it is not at all cold during the daytime even in the coldest of the winter. Tibet is so sunny that it produces a year-round sunshine of over 3,000 hours in a year. Its old name-"land of snow"the name by which Tibet is almost popilary known as, is always thickly covered with snow with hardly any signs Of inhabitation. In fact, it is correct only when it is referred to the world greatest ranges located in Ima, the Tisi, and like. These ranges, run by leaps and bounds across the country showing their beautiful snow covered peaks against the bluest of skies.

76. History Of Central Asia, India, Nepal & Tibet Convert Currency ADD TO SHOPPING CART India and tibet A history of the Relationswhich have Subsisted between the Two Countries from the Time of Warren http://www.pilgrimsbooks.com/history.html

To find a book, click below: Search Books on the History of Central Asia, India, Nepal and Tibet from Pilgrims Publishing, Varanasi, India and Pilgrims Book House, Kathmandu, Nepal. Click here for books on the history of: Bhutan Central Asia India Nepal ... Tibet Bhutan Royal Bhutan by Ram Rhaul A short political history of the kingdom of Bhutan. New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1997. Item No 8125902325. Price: $US4.00. Convert Currency THIS BOOK TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE Central Asia Early Jesuit Travellers in Central Asia, 1603-1721 by C Wessels This unusual book gives an insight into the often forgotten pioneering travel and discovery by Jesuit missionaries in Asia, especially Tibet. This book is a compilation of geographical, historical and cultural information collected by the Jesuits during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Each chapter details fascinating first impressions of people and things unseen by any Europeans before. A valuable source of information for anyone interested in the early exploration of the Himalayan region. "Although few of the European travellers to Tibet in the 19th century realised it, much of the ground that they were exploring had already been traversed by the Jesuit missionaries over 100 years before. This book, based on manuscript as well as printed sources, chronicles the journeys of all the Jesuits who reached Tibet. The most interesting journeys are those of Stephen Cacella and John Cabral (1626-32) who visited Gyantse and Shigatse, John Grueber and Albert d'Orville (1661-64) who travelled from China through eastern Tibet to Lhasa and then went on to India, and Ippolito Desideri (1714-22) who travelled from Kashmir along the Tsangpo to Lhasa." - John Whelpton

77. AsiaSource: AsiaLINKS - A Resource Of The Asia Society This page on the International Campaign for tibet website provides a background ontibet's history and information on the current tibetan campaign for freedom. http://www.asiasource.org/links/al_mp_03.cfm?TID=79,149

78. Tibet Yields First Group Of Masters On Local Literature, History And Medical Sci including ancient tibetan language, the historyof relations between ethnic tibetansand the Han nationality, the modern history of tibet, the history of art http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200207/18/eng20020718_99929.shtml

About Us Help Sitemap Archive ... Sci-Edu Last updated at: (Beijing Time) Thursday, July 18, 2002 Tibet Yields First Group of Masters on Local Literature, History and Medical Science The Tibet Autonomous Region saw a grand graduation ceremony held on July 17 for its first batch of locally trained master degree holders on Tibetan literature, history and Medical Science. PRINT DISCUSSION CHINESE SEND TO FRIEND The Tibet Autonomous Region saw a grand graduation ceremony held on July 17 for its first batch of locally trained master degree holders on Tibetan literature, history and Medical Science. Under the support of the Ministry of Education and the State Council, the University of Tibet and the Institute of Tibetan Medical Science opened master courses on Tibetan language and literature, history and medical science in 1998, and a course of painting was added in 2001. Now Tibet has 47 postgraduates. Among the first graduated ten students, six are from the University of Tibet majoring in Tibetan literature or history, the other four major in Tibetan Medical Science from the Institute. Picture shows the masters in front of the Potala Palace. It was probably the most unforgettable and exciting moment of Zhamdu's life when he was presented with his graduation and master's degree certificates by Liu Qinghui, president of Tibet University.

79. The History Of Tibet www.chinaembassy.org, The history of tibet The majority of tibetans believe intibetan Buddhism of which many sects developed during tibet's long history. http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/5294.html

www.china-embassy.org The History of Tibet After the People's Republic of China was founded, the central government notified local Tibetan authorities to ''send delegates to Beijing to negotiate the peaceful liberation of Tibet'' On 23rd May 1951 the ''17-Article Agreement'' was signed after delegates from the central government and the local Tibetan government reached agreement on a series of questions concerning Tibet's peaceful liberation. The Dalai Lama sent a telegram and the Baingen Lama issued a statement both supporting the ''17-Article Agreement'' and expressing their de- sires to ''safeguard the unification of the motherland and her territorial sovereignty.'' Tel: (202) 328-2500 Fax: (202) 588-0032 Email: chinaembassy_us@fmprc.gov.cn

80. Untitled Document tibet's history can be diveded into four period. The Tsanpo's Period.This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos http://www.tibet-tours.com/english/tibet_preface_history.htm

TIBETAN HISTORY Tibetan history can be traced thousands of years back. However, the written history only dates back to the 7th century when Songtsan Gampo, the 33rd Tibetan king, sent his minister Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit who on his return invented the present Tibetan script based on Sanskrit. Tibet's history can be diveded into four period The Tsanpo's Period This period starts from Nyatri Tsanpo, the first of the Tsanpos, in 127 B.C(historians differ in view of the date, but this date is taken from the White Annales, a reliabl book on Tibetan history) and ends in 842 A.D. at the death of Lang Dharma, the last of the Tsanpos, who was assassinated by a buddhist monk owing to Lang Dharma's ruthless persecution of Buddhism. During this period some 42 Tsanpos had ruled over Tibet among which Songtsan Gampo's rule was considered as the zenith. Songtsan Gampo was an outstandingruler, he unified Tibet, changed his capital to Lhasa, sent Sambhota to India to study Sanskrit and promulaged a script for the Tibetan on the latter's arrival to Tibet, married Princess Wencheng of the Tang Court and Princess Bhrikuti Debi of Nepal, built the Potala and the temple and the temple of Jokhang The period of Decentrailzation This period began in 842 A.D. the year of Lang Dharma's assassination, and ended in about 1260 A.D, when Pagpa, the Abbot of Sakya monastery, became a vassal of Kublai Khan, the first Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. During this period a little is known in history except that Tibet became decentralized into a number of petty principalities.

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