61. Effective Solar Products, L.L.C. Sells a range of solar energy products. photovoltaic modules, inverters, batteries, wind generators and outdoor lighting. http://www.effectivesolar.com/

E FFECTIVE S OLAR P RODUCTS, L.L.C. Welcome to Effective Solar Products Over Thirty Combined Years Experience "One Stop Source For Prepackaged Solar Energy Systems"

62. Renewable Energy Information - Wind, Solar, Photovoltaic, Biomass, Hydro, Electr solar Buildings Passive and active utilisation of the suns energy in buildings.solar photovoltaic Direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. http://www.agores.org/SECTORS/default.htm

Links Programmes Publications Projects ... Submit Your path: Sectors This section describes the range of renewable energy sources available, providing information on the technologies, publications, market studies and including summaries of successful projects from across Europe. Photovolataics powering urban street lighting Biomass Organic matter used as a fuel source. Electricity Generation, distribution and utilisation of electricity. Geothermal Energy taken from the heat coming from the centre of the Earth. Small Hydro Power Energy from the downward vertical movement of water due to gravity Solar Buildings Passive and active utilisation of the suns energy in buildings. Solar Photovoltaic Direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. Solar Thermal Conversion of the suns energy into useful heat. Wind Energy Conversion of air movements into heat and power Other Renewables Other sustainable energy sources not mentioned above, such as wave and tidal.

63. Maui Solar Energy Software Corporation Software manufacturer and publisher for several programs for photovoltaic systems design, Trace inverters program interface, and solar hot water systems. http://www.mauisolarsoftware.com/

The MSESC site requires that a capable frames-aware browser be installed; your current browser does not support frames. To install Microsoft Internet Explorer, click here and follow the instructions. clicking here Solar Energy, PV Software, Photovoltaic Software

64. Advanced Energy Inc. Manufactures inverters from 1000 watts to 2500 watts for solar electric (photovoltaic) grid tie systems. http://www.advancedenergy.com/

65. Practical Course: Photovoltaic Energy Systems photovoltaic energy Systems . Experiment PE1. solarModules. RodrigoGuido Araújo. Dr. Stefan Krauter. Kim Onneken. Dr. Volker Quaschning. http://emsolar.ee.tu-berlin.de/lehre/english/pv1/

"Photovoltaic Energy Systems" Experiment PE1 Solar-Modules Dr. Stefan Krauter Kim Onneken Dr. Volker Quaschning UFRJ-COPPE-EE TU-Berlin Contents 1 Solar cell, equivalent circuit and characteristics 4 1.1 I-V characteristic of the solar cell 7 1.2 MPP-Power, efficiency, fill factor 9 1.3 Influence of irradiance on the I-V curve 10 1.4 Influence of temperature on the I-V curve 10 2 Solar module 11 2.1 Influence of shadowing 12 2.2 Bypass-diodes 12 3 Measurement of the solar irradiance and the temperature 14 3.1 Measurement of the solar irradiance 14 3.2 Measurement of temperature 16 4 Preparation exercises 17 5 Experimentation 17 5.1 Setting up the experiment 17 5.2 Recording of I-V characteristics at different temperatures 18 5.3 Recording of the I-V characteristics for different levels of irradiance 18 5.4 Recording of the I-V characteristics for different states of shadowing 19 5.5 Different type of module 19 6 Protocol 19 7 List of equipment 20 8 Literature 20 Prologue Electricity generated from photovoltaic (PV) systems produces zero emissions, is modular, and can produce energy anywhere the sun shines. Investment in PV my be cost-effective in certain distributed generation and grid-support applications where PV output tends to coincidence with local peak demands. Small stand-alone PV systems have proven practical in many areas of the country where connection with the local distribution was too costly or impractical. Such systems, when coupled with a storage battery, can serve loads such as homes, radio stations, control systems, telephone repeaters and lighting systems. PV modules may be installed in buildings as part of the roofing, walls, and/or windows.

66. Connect Energy Manufactures photovoltaic charge controllers, and accessories. PWM regulation powercenters for solar, wind, hydro, alternative energy. Also sold under the Pulse energy name. http://www.connectenergy.org/

site built by Winter Street Design Group

67. PVWATTS - A Performance Calculator For Grid-Connected PV Systems For more information about how photovoltaic (PV) systems work, please see US Departmentof energy's Million solar Roofs program's About photovoltaics page; http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codes_algs/PVWATTS/

A Performance Calculator for Grid-Connected PV Systems PVWATTS calculates electrical energy produced by a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Currently, PVWATTS can be used for locations within the United States and its territories. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory developed PVWATTS to permit non-experts to quickly obtain performance estimates for grid-connected PV systems. In a grid-connected PV system, PV modules, wired together to form a PV array, pass DC electricity through an inverter to convert it into AC power. If the PV system AC power is greater than the owner's needs, the inverter sends the surplus to the utility grid for use by others. The utility provides AC power to the owner at night and during times when the owner's requirements exceed the capability of the PV system. More About PVWATTS System Parameters Interpreting the Results How Photovoltaics Work ... Net Metering Information Two Calculators: Choose a calculator by clicking on "Version 1" or Version 2". Version 1 Version 1 is the original PVWATTS. The user chooses a state from a map or a text list, and then the city of interest. The calculations may be done using the default system parameters, or the user may specify the PV system size, local electric costs, whether a fixed or tracking PV array, and the PV array tilt and azimuth angles. PVWATTS calculates monthly and annual energy production in kWh and monthly savings in dollars.

68. Chromagen - Solar Energy Systems Design, manufacture and distribute solar energy equipment for domestic, commercial and industrial use. Products include solar collectors, water tanks and photovoltaic systems. English, Spanish, Hebrew, Italian versions. http://www.chromagen.co.il/

english hebrew espanol italiano

69. Industrial Solar Technology Manufactures solar collectors for both industrial and residential use. Included are troughs, flat plate and photovoltaic solar energy collectors. http://www.industrialsolartech.com/

About Us Contact Us Parabolic Troughs Flat Plate Water Heating Since 1983, through a continuous process of innovation IST has brought down the cost and increased the efficiency of solar thermal technology. Now more than ever, with the prospect of energy prices remaining high, solar energy systems produced by IST provide an alternative to conventional fuels that is cost-effective and which help to improve the environment Click this picture to go to our pages for parabolic trough concentrating solar thermal systems. These pages include information and photos of our proven system and systems we have installed as well as our newest development in parabolic concentrating technology. These systems are best suited for commercial and industrial applications. Typical applications are; water heating, space heating, air conditioning, steam generation, seawater desalination and electricity production. Click this picture to go to our pages for flat plate solar thermal systems. The pages include a basic description of how these systems work and a small gallery of some solar systems we have installed. Primarily flat plate solar systems are used in residential applications. In a home they are most effective for providing hot water. They are also very effective for home heating, pool heating, spa heating and snowmelting. Flat plate solar systems can also be used for commercial application. They can be used anywhere you would need hot water (i.e. public or community swimming pools, community heating systems, restaurants.....).

70. Sharp Electronics Solar Industry Division Sharp's solar energy systems. Manufactures primarily high power photovoltaic panels in the 100 watt+ range. http://www.sharpusa.com/sharp-usa/be-sharp/SolarLanding/0,2060,,00.html

71. China New Energy solar energy photovoltaic Technology. Research and Development ofHighefficient Low-cost solar Cells. 1. Background. solar energy http://www.newenergy.org.cn/english/policy/priority/priority_s_p.htm

Energy Website Feedback Enterprise Salon Expert Service ... Related Links Search Enterprise Product Website Top news Institution Conference Outline Introduction Situation and Gap Objectives and Tasks Tactics and Measures Priorities Introduction Solar Heat Solar Photovoltaic ... industrialization Your are here: Home Solar Photovoltaic Priority Projects for Development Of the New and Renewable Energy in China Solar Energy Photovoltaic Technology Background Objectives The objective is to raise efficiency, reduce cost, expand scale and push forward the photovoltaic industry. Develop high-efficient and low-cost polycrystalline silicon solar cell technology. Combine the development and introducing. Establish a production line with an annual capacity of megawatt level.

72. BFRL: NIST's Solar Photovoltaic System A portion of the energy used at the NIST campus in Gaithersburg, MD is being providedby renewable energy. A solar photovoltaic system is being installed on http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/pvsolar/flyer.html

Building Environment Division NIST’s Solar Photovoltaic System A portion of the energy used at the NIST campus in Gaithersburg, MD is being provided by renewable energy. A solar photovoltaic system is being installed on the roof that connects the main Administration Building to its adjoining conference and cafeteria facilities. The solar system will reduce the quantity of electricity purchased to power the NIST campus and reduce the monthly peak demand charges. The system consists of 234 photovoltaic modules and associated electronics. Each module, containing 72 monocrystalline photovoltaic cells, produces up to 4.8 amps of direct current electricity at 34 volts under ideal solar conditions. The individual modules are interconnected with the resulting electrical output converted to alternating current by means of an inverter. The system will power the lights in four floors of the Administration Building, approximately 600 lights. Extruded polystyrene insulation panels, on which the modules are mounted, provide additional roof insulation reducing the heating and cooling loads to the building. The system is projected to generate approximately 33,000 kilowatt hours of electricity on an annual basis, enough energy to meet the total electrical needs of three to four average residences. During nighttime conditions, the building receives all of its electrical power from the local utility in a normal manner. No batteries are used in this grid-interconnected system.

73. Building Environment Division - Heat Transfer Group - Florida Solar Energy Cente solar photovoltaic WATER HEATING SYSTEM FLORIDA solar energy CENTER.A singletank, solar photovoltaic hot water system is presently http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/pvsolar/fsec.html

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC WATER HEATING SYSTEM FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER A single-tank, solar photovoltaic hot water system is presently being evaluated at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC). The system uses an array of photovoltaic cells (pictured at right) to convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic cells depends mainly on the solar intensity and the connected load that uses the electricity. This connected load must change as the solar intensity changes in order to maximize the efficiency of the sunlight-to-electricity conversion process. In the single-tank solar hot water system, combinations of three, microprocessor-controlled heating elements are used to provide the changeable load. The electricity generated by the array is supplied to a storage tank by means of conventional house wiring. The flow of electricity is regulated by a microprocessor-based controller that monitors the solar intensity, exercises the efficiency-maximizing control logic, and connects the appropriate resistive elements. A single solar cell that is mounted with the array provides the controller a signal that is proportional to the solar intensity. Beginning with a conventional electric water heater, the controller is mounted on the tank's exterior (see adjacent photograph). The tank's lower heating element is replaced with an assembly having three heating elements. These three elements heat the entire tank using the electricity generated by the photovoltaic array. The upper part of the tank contains a heating element that is connected to the electric utility grid. This upper element insures the availability of hot water during poor solar conditions and its use, in general, avoids having to oversize the photovoltaic array. A computer data acquisition system is used to impose hot water draws and to monitor overall system performance (e.g., energy inputs, energy outputs, solar irradiance, several air and water temperatures). Testing of the single-tank system will continue until the Spring of 1999. The project is the result of a cooperative effort between FSEC and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

74. About Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Energy Products, Solar Books And Resources, Cry solar power books, online photovoltaic information and goods to help youharvest the free energy from the sun. solar more. http://www.crystalbay.net/solarvillage/renewable-energy.html

home Solar Works for a Brighter Future Today! Virtual Village S ola r Vi llag e Photovoltaics Overview Gaviotas: A Village to Reinvent the World Gaviotas originated out of the belief that the current state of urban expansion and depletion of resources could not be sustained and that the future required people to learn to live in an ecologically sound and sustainable manner. The story of a remarkable and diverse group of individuals who helped the village evolve into a very real, socially viable, and self-sufficient community. The people of Gaviotas today produce innovative technologies that use the regions natural resources without destroying them. Click to read more and order Solar Village Main About Photovoltaics Solar Radios ... Solar Power Array Kits for home, RV, outdoors Solar Lights Natural Clothing Sustainable Living Books CrystalBay Solar in association with Border Books... Gaviotas: A Village to Reinvent the World Natural House: A Complete Guide to Healthy, Energy Independent, Environmental Homes Sustainable Living and Health Diet for a Small Planet This is the book that started a revolution in the way that Americans eat. Today, vegetarianism and "the politics of food" is at the center of a growing environmental movement that also encompasses animal rightists and recyclers. This 20th anniversary edition of an ecological classic features a substantive new introduction where Lappe stresses how her philosophy remains validthat food is the central issue through which to understand world politics.

75. Solar Electricity And Renewable Energy Technology: Solar Electric Light Fund By 2010, approximately 70,000 new jobs could be created as a result of the increaseddemand for photovoltaic, solar hot water, and related solar energy systems http://www.self.org/shs_tech.asp

Solar TECHNOLOGY Photovoltaics (PV) convert sunlight directly into electricity. Photons in sunlight interact with the outermost electrons of an atom. Photons striking the atoms of a semiconducting solar cell free it's electrons, creating an electric current. The Photovoltaic effect was first discovered in the 19th century, and was used by Bell Labs in 1954 to develop the first PV solar cell. PV found its first applications in space, providing electricity to satellites. These early PV cells were produced in small quantities from exotic materials. While early cells were inefficient, converting less than 1% of the incident sunlight into electricity, they quickly increased to 6% when researchers experimented with crystalline silicon, the principal component of sand. Current conversion efficiencies have surpassed 30% in the laboratory, and 15% in large-scale production. Two main types of silicon cells vie for market share: crystalline and thin-film. Crystalline silicon cells are produced by slowly extracting large crystals from a liquid silicon bath. These crystals are sliced into 1/100th-of-an-inch thick slices, or "wafers", which are processed into solar cells that are then connected and laminated into solar "modules." While this production process yields highly efficient (10-15%) cells, the production process is expensive. Thin-film silicon cells are produced by depositing vaporized silicon directly onto a glass or stainless steel substrate. While the efficiencies achieved are lower than with crystalline silicon, the production process is less expensive. Modules from crystalline cells have a lifetime of over twenty years. Thin-film modules will last at least ten years. Other PV technologies, such as Gallium-Arsenide or Cadmium Telluride, are also being used. These types are highly efficient, but more expensive at the present time.

76. Solarfotonica Oem Photovoltaic Energy Systems Solar Modules About solarfotonica; photovoltaic equipment and tools solarfotonica oem photovoltaicenergy systems solar modules solarfotonica oem photovoltaic energy systems http://www.photovoltaic.it/solarfotonicacom/map.htm

77. Photovoltaic Energy Systems Solar Cells Translate this page Macchine ed apparecchiature. photovoltaic Network® è in grado di fornire tuttele macchine ed attrezzature necessarie per produrre moduli fotovoltaici. http://www.photovoltaic.it/franchasing.htm

78. NYPA: An Industry Leader In Technology Development photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into Besides offering energyefficiencyand environmental advantages, solar electric systems help http://www.nypa.gov/html/research.htm

News: August 21 - Governor: NYPA to Seek Wind-Power Proposals; Call for Up to 50,000 Kilowatts Will Expand State's Clean-Energy Efforts (Governor's press release) An Industry Leader in Technology Development The Power Authority’s efforts to develop innovative technologies for the generation and transmission of electricity are redefining our role in the deregulated electricity marketplace, while benefiting our operations, our customers and the public. We’re drawing attention to new environmentally sound methods of generating kilowatts, such as fuel cells, solar photovoltaic systems and microturbines, because these forms of "distributed generation"—electricity sources that can be located close to a customer without being connected to transmission lines—will play an increasingly important role in the electricity industry’s future. We conduct internally sponsored research directed at NYPA-specific concerns and work with our customers to provide technical solutions that help them stay competitive. We also participate in institutional research at the state and national levels. Our technology development efforts are drawing national attention as we break new ground in several areas, including transmission and generation of electricity, advanced electrotechnologies and power-quality projects. Some highlights:

79. Photovoltaic Solar Energy For more information on renewable energy sources, active solar energy, passivesolar energy, and photovoltaic solar energy, please contact solar energy http://www.newenergy.org/sesci/publications/pamphlets/photovoltaic.html

SESCI home Renewable Energy Passive Solar Active Solar Photovoltaic Solar Advantages of solar energy Solar energy is a renewable resource that is environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is available just about everywhere on earth. And this source of energy is free, immune to rising energy prices. Solar energy can be used in many ways - to provide heat, lighting, mechanical power and electricity. Photovoltaic energy Sunlight is converted to electricity using photovoltaic or solar cells. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are semiconductor devices, usually made of silicon, which contain no liquids, corrosive chemicals or moving parts. They produce electricity as long as light shines on them, they require little maintenance, do not pollute and they operate silently, making photovoltaic energy the cleanest and safest method of power generation. Photovoltaic cells and modules Photovoltaic cells come in many sizes, but most are 10 cm by 10 cm and generate about half a volt of electricity. PV cells are bundled together in modules or panels to produce higher voltages and increased power. A 12-volt module, for example, depending on its power output, could have 30 to 40 PV cells. A module producing 50 watts of power measures approximately 40 cm by 100 cm. PV panels are not highly efficient, converting only 12 to 15 per cent of the sunÕs light into electricity, but laboratory prototypes are reaching 30 per cent efficiency. PV modules generate direct current (DC), the kind of electricity produced by batteries. Although incandescent lights can operate on DC, most electric devices require 120-volt alternating current (AC) as supplied by utilities. A device known as an inverter converts DC to AC current. Inverters vary in size and in the quality of electricity they supply. Less expensive inverters are suitable for simple loads, such as lights and water pumps, but models with good quality waveform output are needed to power electronic devices such as TVs, stereos, microwave ovens and computers.

80. Utilization Of Solar Photovoltaic In Bangladesh 3) In 1988, Bangladesh Atomic energy Commission (BAEC) carried out solar PhotovoltaicPilot project at Sandwip island, where a solarpowered beacon light was http://shakti.hypermart.net/renewables/pv.html

Refinance now homeowner even if you have bad credit. 185 loc Utilization of Solar Photovoltaic in Bangladesh Bangladesh is situated between 20.30 - 26.38 degrees north latitude and 88.04 - 92.44 degrees east latitude which is a good location for solar energy utilization. Daily average solar radiation varies between 4 to 6.5 kWh per square meter. Maximum amount of radiation is available on the month of March-April and minimum on December-January. There is no manufacturer of PV cell or panels in Bangladesh. The accessories are either imported or manufactured in the country by private companies. The government encourages promotion of PV technology by introducing fiscal concessions to the PV industry. However, more commitment and effective policies will strengthen PV promotion and lead to full commercialization of the technology. The total installed capacity of solar photovoltaic applications has reached 800 kWp (estimated) and about 15,000 solar home systems (SHS) are operating in different parts of the country. 3.1 Solar Photovoltaic Installations

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