81. CNN - Cold War Experience: Technology Alexei Kojevnikov, a senior research associate at the Institute for History ofScience and technology at the russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, says http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/experience/technology/then.now/

This site is best viewed with a 4.0 browser and requires javascript Then and Now: Where did Soviet scientists go? INTERACTIVE FEATURE Find out what some U.S. and Soviet scientists were doing during the Cold War and where they are now. LAUNCH IT By Tom Moore Special to CNN Interactive The Soviet Union's science community was once a mighty engine of technological prowess. But the Cold War is over and the U.S.S.R. has been dismantled. Where are the scientists? No hard numbers exist on the extent of Russia's brain drain. But those studying the issue say that perhaps only 10 percent of scientists in the former Soviet Union are still at work on research there. Alexei Kojevnikov, a senior research associate at the Institute for History of Science and Technology at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, says Russian science is now "idling," largely due to lack of funding. Glenn Schweitzer, director of the office of Eastern Europe and Eurasia at the U.S. National Research Council, says many Russian lab scientists are doing anything but science now. From research to business "They're still in Russia because they basically have nowhere else to go, but these are very smart people," he says. By turning in their lab coats for business suits, "they have sort of risen to the top among the survivors in Russia."

82. CRDF Names New Vice President For Programs Ms. Campbell was the US State Department’s Program Officer for Soviet/russian Scienceand technology affairs, from 1989 to 1994, in which capacity she led an http://www.crdf.org/E-Update/vicepres.htm

83. Eurostat: Science & Technology science and technology, Friday, March 21, 2003. Search current theme by Keyword Alert me. Alert me about new products in science technology, http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/Public/datashop/print-catalogue/EN?catalogue=

84. African Century - A Review Of Loren Grahams Book "What Have We Learned About Sci A review of Loren Grahams book What have we learned about scienceand technology from the russian experience? by Dapo Ladimeji. http://www.african-century.com/acphp/ac_show_article.php?path=russian_tech

85. DSC Reports 1998. Partners on the Frontier USrussian Cooperation in Scienceand technology, 1998 (Proceedings of a Workshop, October 1997). http://www7.nationalacademies.org/dsc/DSC_Reports.html

DSC HOME ABOUT DSC DSC REPORTS DSC ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS ... LOCAL SEARCH DEVELOPMENT, SECURITY, AND COOPERATION Reports CENTRAL EUROPE AND EURASIA REPORTS Central Europe and Eurasia 1998 Newsletter Protecting Nuclear Weapons Materials in Russia Science and Democracy , 1999 (Report of a workshop organized by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in cooperation with the National Research Council, May 1998) Technology Commercialization: Russian Challenges, American Lessons Partners on the Frontier: U.S.-Russian Cooperation in Science and Technology , 1998 (Proceedings of a Workshop, October 1997) Controlling Dangerous Pathogens: A Blueprint for U.S.-Russian Cooperation , 1997 (A Russian language version is also available.) Proliferation Concerns: Assessing U.S. Efforts to Help Contain Nuclear and Other Dangerous Materials and Technologies in the Former Soviet Union An Assessment of the International Science and Technology Center: Redirecting Expertise in Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Former Soviet Union Reconstructing Science, Engineering, and Higher Education in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia: Summary of a Meeting, May 1996 Young Investigator Program on Agricultural Impacts on Water Quality in Latvia and Lithuania (Summary Report), July 1994 Biodiversity Conservation in Transboundary Protected Areas: Proceedings of an International Workshop, May 1994

86. RUSSIAN SCIENCE ON THE RACK Earlier this year, Vladimir Bulgak, vice prime minister for science and high technologyin the russian Cabinet, instigated a plan to evaluate all government http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/971222/russian.html

December 22, 1997 RUSSIAN SCIENCE ON THE RACK Thwarted by low salaries, lack of materials and modern equipment, scientific research struggles to survive MICHAEL FREEMANTLE We can only use our equipment 50% of the time," says Vera V. Miassoedova, chemistry professor at the Institute of Chemical Physics in Moscow. The rest of the time the equipment is switched off. The institute can only afford to meet half of the electricity costs, she explains. "The institute does not have money for new equipment," she continues. "It is a very difficult situation at the moment." Miassoedova's institute is one of more than 400 institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences that carry out-or attempt to carry out-fundamental research in science in the Russian Federation. Russian Academy of Sciences of Moscow (above); Statue of Mendeleyev (right) in front of chemistry department at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Her plight is typical. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the end of the centralized, state-dominated Soviet economic system, the scientific community in Russia has been left scrapping for morsels from a free-market economy riddled with corruption. The struggle to find adequate funds to carry out research, scarcity of materials, aging equipment, lack of foreign scientific journals, low popular esteem, and pitiful salary levels have combined to have a debilitating effect on Russian science. There is little or no incentive for even the most gifted and enthusiastic scientists to pursue a career in basic scientific research in Russia.

87. ¼ØÝØáâÕàáâÒÞ ÝÐãÚØ Ø âÕåÝÞÛÞÓØÙ ÀÞááØÙáÚÞÙ The summary for this russian page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.minstp.ru/

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webmonster@gpntb.ru E-mail gpntb@gpntb.ru Äëÿ îáðàùåíèé ïî WWW ñåðâåðó: E-mail info@gpntb.ru

89. Untitled Document The summary for this russian page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.minprom.ru/

Ñàéò www.minprom.ru âðåìåííî íå äîñòóïåí. kostr@mpnt.gov.ru

90. NATO Scientific & Environmental Affairs Offers support for international collaboration between scientists from countries of the EuroAtlantic Category science Institutions Regional...... http://www.nato.int/science/

Page Updated: 27 February 2003 NATO Science Programme Direct Links to: (click here) Russian Language Guide Application Forms - Advanced Study Institutes - Advanced Research Workshops - Collaborative Linkage Grants - Expert Visits - Networking Infrastructure Grants - Advanced Networking Workshops - Advanced Training Courses in SP - Graduate Scholarships in Science Policy - Internships in Science Policy - NATO-Russia Advanced Research Workshop - NATO-Russia Collaborative Linkage Grant - NATO-Russia Expert Visits Background to Programme Books Published Bulletin Board CCMS (Challenges of Modern Society) Collaborator Search Computer Networking Countries - NATO/Partner/Eligible Country involvement in the Science Programme Fellowships Fellowships Administrators French Language Pages Grant Holder Area Guide to Best Practice (ARWs) History of Programme Latest News Links Page Mailing List Mediterranean Dialogue Meetings 2001 NATO Science Series New NATO countries Newsletter Overview of Programme Partner Countries Picture Gallery Publications Reporting Forms - CST (for grantholders) Reporting Forms - RIS (for grantholders) Russian Language Guide Science for Peace - general Science for Peace - latest news Science for Peace - funded projects Science for Peace - area for grantees Science for Peace - consultants SfP Project Directors' Bulletins Security Related Civil Science Science and Technology Policy Subject Classification Codes Virtual Silk Highway For information on grant possibilities, please scroll down

91. Untitled1 Special Issue, 1997. CONTENTS. http://www.mnts.msk.su/ecolink/spec/special.htm

Special Issue, 1997 CONTENTS Editorial FEDERAL LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION On Science and State Science and Technology Policy DECREE ... REFERENCE INFORMATION tel.: (095) 9431498 E-Mail: ECOLINK Editorial Board

92. Ìèíèñòåðñòâî Ïðîìûøëåííîñòè Íàóêè è Òåõíîë http//www.mpnt.gov.ru. http://www.mpnt.gov.ru/

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93. Ukrainian Exposition.Virtual European Museum Of History Of Computer Science And Welcome to our museum Logo (36 k) Welcome to our museum. TO NEXT HALL.Copyright © 1990 by the ICFCST All rights reserved. No part http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/museum/museum.html

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94. Welcome To EarthLink EarthLink.net Start Page Web Mail Biz Center My Account Support, Start Page, News, Finance, Entertainment, Sports, Shopping, http://start.earthlink.net/

var templateid = 100000000; var globalSearchID = "1"; var userCG = 1; EarthLink.net Start Page Web Mail Biz Center ... Start Page Explore: Auto Careers Computing Games ... more... Connect: Bill Pay Downloads eCards Instant Messenger ... Yellow Pages EarthLink: High Speed Home Networking Wireless Web Hosting ... Unlimited Voice Shop: Auctions Books Credit Report Flowers ... Cell Phones Sponsors: Amazon.com eBay Realtor.com Esurance ... Dell The Web EarthLink Ask Jeeves Family History /*document.write(dateStamp);*/ Tools Web Mail Stop Junk Mail About Email Check Email by Phone ... Pop-Up Blocker Favorites Amazon.com eBay Expedia.com Sprint Long Distance ... Stamps.com My Account View and change your account info: Add/change an email address Change password View your invoice Upgrade service and more... Go to My Account now! Support Support by Email Support by Chat Internet Access Numbers E-mail address: Password: Click Here for Sign in Help Sign in with our secure server Personalize the content, colors, and layout of your Start Page Choose news headlines, stock quotes, and the weather in your neighborhood

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