21. Baal from irrigated land has survived down to the present day in Muslim law when makingtax assessment for poor relief. John Gray, near eastern mythology. http://www.mystae.com/restricted/streams/scripts/baal.html

Baal In Biblical Canaan "on the hillsides are grown vines and lives, which, with natural pine and cedar forests in the Lebanon and Amanus, were the main products of the land. Moreover, soil which is eroded builds up fertile pockets of earth and even considerable plains. Such cultivable land was regarded as 'Baal's land', that is to say, land where cultivation depends on the activity of the god manifest in the autumn and winter rains. These rains are heralded by thunder, and 'the lord' (Baal) was known to the Canaanites by his proper name Hadad, 'the Thunderer', or Rimmon, which means the same. The term 'Baal-land' as distinct from irrigated land has survived down to the present day in Muslim law when making tax assessment for poor relief." - John Gray, Near Eastern Mythology "Baal, one of the sons of El [the chief god of the Canaanites], was the executive god of the pantheon, the god of thunder and winter storms, the dynamic warrior god who champions the divine order against the menacing forces of chaos. He is also identified with vegetation and the seasonal fertility cycle. There is little evidence in the Ras Shamra texts of the sexual license, the sympathetic magic aspects of the cult to secure the productivity of Nature, that the Bible writers found so abhorrent. On the contrary there is ample evidence that some of the aspects of Yahweh reflected aspects of Baal as the Divine King, in the destruction of the sea-serpent Leviathan and the concept of everlasting kingly dominion; even some of the liturgical language is strikingly similar, like the wording of Psalm 68: 'To him that rideth upon the heavens of heavens, 'his strength in the clouds', and so on.

22. A Selection Of DCCC Library Sources For The Mythology Class near eastern mythology by Gray, John BL 1060 .G7. near eastern mythology(Library of the World's Myths and Legends) BL 1060 .G7. Hinduism http://www.dccc.edu/academics/faculty/okontopo/myth.htm

A SELECTION OF DCCC LIBRARY SOURCES FOR THE MYTHOLOGY CLASS REFERENCE SOURCES: Essay and General Literature Index Ref AI 3 .E752 Man, Myth and Magic Ref BF 1411 .M25 A Dictionary of Symbols Ref BF 1623 .S9 C513 Mythology Ref BL 310 .G853 Mythologies Ref BL 311 .D513 The Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Ref BL 311 .N43 The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge Ref BR 95 .S43 Chase's Calendar of Events Ref D 11.5 .C48 Dictionary of Cultural Literacy Ref E 169.1 .H6 Mythical and Fabulous Creatures: A Source Book and Research Guide Ref GR 825 .M87 Holidays, Festivals and Celebrations of the World Dictionary Ref GT 3925 .T46 The Oxford English Dictionary Ref PE 1625 .O87 A Dictionary of Literary Terms Ref PN 41 .C83 Cyclopedia of Literary Characters Ref PN 44 .M28 Masterplots Ref PN 44 .M33 Great Foreign Language Writers Ref PN 524 .G74 Gadney's Guide to 1800 International contests, festivals and grants Ref PN 1993.4 .G3 Library of the World's Best Literature Ref PN 6013 .L47 MLA Bibliography Ref Z 1225 .M64 Magill's Bibliography of Literary Criticism Ref Z 6511 .M3

23. Combooks. Ltd Our Price ? 145 More info Instant Button. A Dictionary of Ancient NearEastern Mythology, A Dictionary of Ancient near eastern mythology, http://combooks.co.il/cat2.asp?CatCode=HRY

24. Untitled Map of Ancient Israel Biblioraphy on Ancient near eastern mythology World Wide WebSites Relating to the Ancient Mediterranean Internet Ancient History Source http://www.angelfire.com/ca2/AncientIsrael/

Yahweh Sabaoth Baal-Hadad El Elohim ... Amun Main Sections The gods of Israel Primary Trajectories in Ancient Israelite Religion Also From Tragedy to Comedy The Emergence of Christianity Presented by Annex El, god of Israel (Gen 33:20) El is no man that he should lie, no human being to draw back. Is it his way to say and not to do, to speak and not to fulfill? El brought him out of Egypt, he is like the wild ox's horns for him. No omen will work against Jacob, no divination against Israel. (Num 23:19, 22-23) El (Megiddo, 1350-1200) Ptah Egyptian god of artisans and scholars There took shape in [Ptah's] thought (Father), there took shape through [Ptah's] word (Son), one in the form of Atum. For the very great one is Ptah, who gives to all the gods and their kas (Spirit) through his thought (Father) and through his word (Son). (The Memphite Theology, 28th century) And El(ohim) said to Moses, "I become what I become." (Ex 3:14, 14th century) And Elohim spoke to Moses and said, "I am Yahweh.

25. Xavier University Registrar CLAS251 near eastern mythology ART (3.00) The major monuments of Greek antiquityexplored as a backdrop to the art history and literature of ancient Greece. http://www.xu.edu/registrar/course/clas.html

Fall Spring Summer Student OnLine Services ... Academics Home Subject Area: Classics Department: Classics College: College of Arts and Sciences ANCIENT MEDITERRAN CIV I: GREECE (3.00) An introduction to the methodologies of ancient historical study and an account of the growth and development of ancient Greek civilization from the prehistoric to the Roman era. ANCIENT MEDITERRAN CIV II: ROME (3.00) An introduction to the methodologies of ancient historical study and an account of the growth and development of ancient Roman civilization from its archeological and legendary beginnings through the Roman republic into the time of the emperors. FROM HOMER TO PLATO (3.00) This course provides an understanding of the development of ancient Greek culture and history by examining the values, customs, institutions, and major historical events that shaped the Greek world, in particular Athens and Sparta,through primary and secondary source readings. An important goal is to gain insight into the Greek origins of key social, political, and cultural ideas and concepts that have contributed to the formation of Western civilization. FROM ALEXANDER TO CLEOPATRA (3.00) This course is designed to continue the investigation of the ancient Greek world, as the Greeks begin to spread across the Levant into the Middle East (momentarily as far as India). Many of the social, political, and cultural ideas and concepts developed by the Greeks that were studied in CLAS101 will continue to be explored for their contribution to the formation of Western civilization. Prerequisite: CLAS120

26. Innovative Library /All Locations 8, A La Recherche Des Mondes Perdus. English, 1971. 9, Near EasternMythology. 1969. 10, near eastern mythology / John Gray, 1985, c1982. http://www.iii.com:90/kids/10,12/search/dmiddle east/dmiddle east/1,116,259,B/ex

27. Asian And Near Eastern Languages 340. Ancient near eastern mythology. (330) Major themes in mythologicalliterature of Egypt, Canaan, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and ancient Iran. http://ar.byu.edu/catalog/undergrad_cat/1997/departments/Asian_Lang.html

Brigham Young University Asian and Near Eastern Languages Van C. Gessel, Chair 4052 JKHB, PO Box 26027, (801) 378-3396 College of Humanities Advisement Center 3078 JKHB, PO Box 26101, (801) 378-4789 Admission to Degree Program All degree programs in the Department of Asian and Near Eastern Languages are open enrollment. Some special limitations apply for teaching majors. The Discipline The many countries of Asia and the Near East are among the oldest civilizations in the world. The study of the languages and cultures of these nations gives students access to some of the richest and most varied traditions of thought, belief, and behavior to be found in the world. A large percentage of the vast, essentially non-Christian segment of the world's population resides in these two zones: Asia—with its diverse heritage of belief in Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and other systems of thought—continues to retain its “exotic” image for most Westerners, even though many nations in the region are at the forefront of contemporary politics and economics. The Near East, birthplace of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, remains a little-understood, often stereotyped area of considerable economic, strategic, and religious importance today. The languages of these regions are themselves generally difficult, with complex writing systems that require diligent study. But exposure to these languages and the cultures they express will enable students to look at the world from new perspectives and deepen their understanding of peoples whose history and practices are widely divergent from their own.

28. Dove Booksellers New Books Leick, Gwendolyn Dictionary of Ancient near eastern mythology From Subject Category Dictionaries and Encyclopedias - Near East Publisher Routledge ISBN http://www.dovebook.com/new/product.asp?code=like'612'

29. CAWeb - Bibliography Paul Hamlyn series. (B). near eastern mythology, John Gray, 1969. Mesopotamia,Syria, Palestine. Paul Hamlyn series. (mythology)(B). http://www.caw.org/biblio/09k.html

Go to: CAWeb Green Egg How About Magic Events ... C. Futurism World Mythology A. The Celts B. British Isles C. Greece D. Rome ... J. Northern Europe K. Eastern Religions L. Faerie M. Alternative Religions, Cults N. Christianity X.Metaphysical Practices ... Site Index K. Eastern Religions Order This Item THE GODS OF INDIA , Alain Danielou. (B) Order This Item THE PHILOSOPHIES OF INDIA , Heinrich Zimmer. (non-fiction) Order This Item ZEN MIND, BEGINNER'S MIND , D.T. Suzuki. (non-fiction) JAPANESE MYTHOLOGY , Juliet Piggot AN INTRODUCTION TO ORIENTAL MYTHOLOGY , Clio Whittaker. (B) Order This Item FOUNDATIONS OF TIBETAN MYSTICISM , Anagarika Govinda Order This Item THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD , translated by C. Trungpa Rinpoche and Evans-Wentz (scripture) Order This Item FOLK RELIGION IN JAPAN , Ichiro Hori, 1968. (non-fiction) Order This Item THINKERS OF THE EAST , Idries Shah. Sufism Order This Item CARAVAN OF DREAMS , Idries Shah. Sufism Order This Item THE SUFIS , Idries Shah. Sufism Order This Item THE WAY OF ZEN , Alan Watts Order This Item TAO TE CHING: A NEW ENGLISH VERSION , trans. Stephen Mitchell, 1988. Taoism is the Paganism of China. This is a definitive translation for our time, and an excellent tool for contemplation. (scripture)

30. Department Of Classics -- Graduate Students Scholarly Interests Greek and near eastern mythology, Greek Poetryand Tragedy, Greek and Modern Philosophy, Roman Love Poetry. http://www.jhu.edu/~classics/gradstud.html

GRADUATE STUDENTS Amalia Avramidou amalia36@hotmail.com Degrees B.A. Archaeology and History of Art, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1997 M.A. Classical Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2000 Nancy Barry njbarry@jhu.edu Degrees A.B. in Classical Studies, The University of Chicago, 2001 Scholarly Interests: Greek epic poetry, ancient mystery cults, women in Greek literature Annemaria Catania a_catania@msn.com Degrees B.A., Liberal Arts, St. John's College, Annapolis, 1997 Scholarly Interests: Epic Poetry Helene Coccagna hcoccag1@jhu.edu Degrees B.A., Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology and Classical Studies, Bryn Mawr College, 2001 Scholarly Interests: Greek and Roman archaeology, ancient sexuality Jessica D'Amico jessica.rabbit@verizon.net Degrees B.A./M.A. Candidate Scholarly Interests: Ancient art and classical archaeology Denise Demetriou dendemet@jhu.edu Degrees B.A., Chemistry and Interdisiplinary Studies, Amherst College, 1998 M.A., Classics, King's College. University of London, 1999 Scholarly Interests: Greek religion, literature, mythology

31. Textbookx : Product Detail A Dictionary of Ancient near eastern mythology. Leick, Gwendolyn.ISBN 0415198119 Published Routledge 10/1998 Pages 240 Binding http://www.textbookx.com/product_detail.php?detail_isbn=0415198119

32. University Of Massachusetts At Amherst special topics. Classics near eastern mythology Egyptian and IndoIranianMythology. Hebrew Israeli Literature in Translation. History http://w3fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/Directory/UMass.htm

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST Amherst, Massachusetts Program Middle Eastern Studies Program offers an undergraduate interdisciplinary major Five Colleges, Inc., is the five college consortium of UMass and Amherst, Hampshire, Mount Holyoke and Smith Colleges. The consortium provides easy cross-registration and free bus service which enable UMass students to take courses augmenting the UMass Middle East studies curriculum in the disciplines of art history, economics, history, international relations, political science, religion, and sociology. Degrees Offered BA major minor Five-College certificate Middle East Languages Arabic (all levels) Modern Hebrew (all levels) Elementary Turkish is available in a self-taught program offered through Five Colleges, Inc. Courses Arabic All levels Art History History of Islamic Art and Architecture I, II History of Islamic Carpets special topics Classics Near Eastern Mythology Egyptian and Indo-Iranian Mythology Hebrew Israeli Literature in Translation History Civilization of Islam I, II

33. Religion Department's Complete Course Offerings The work will be approached from a literary and historicalcritical pointof view, with an eye to relevant Ancient near eastern mythology. http://www.wellesley.edu/Religion/David_Bernat/Complete/complete.html

image1=new Image(162,46) image1.src="../Toolbar/mission_over.gif" image2=new Image(162,49) image2.src="../Toolbar/current_over.gif" image3=new Image(162,51) image3.src="../Toolbar/complete_over.gif" image4=new Image(162,49) image4.src="../Toolbar/resources_over.gif" image5=new Image(162,51) image5.src="../Toolbar/prizes_over.gif" image6=new Image(162,42) image6.src="../Toolbar/personal_over.gif" image7=new Image(162,56) image7.src="../Toolbar/writing_over.gif" image8=new Image(162,40) image8.src="../Toolbar/home_over.gif" REL 104 Study of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Critical introduction to the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, studying its role in the history and culture of ancient Israel and its relationship to Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Special focus on the fundamental techniques of literary, historical and source criticism in modern scholarship, with emphasis on the Bible's literary structure and compositional evolution. Offered next - Spring 2003 REL 202 Biblical Poetry A time to mourn, a time to dance: A survey of the diverse types of poetry in the Hebrew Bible/ Old Testament. Psalms of divine praise, thanksgiving and appeal; lamentation, wisdom, prophetic oracle and love songs. The poetry will be studied for its artistic beauty and as a lens on to the history and beliefs of biblical Israel.

34. Booksreccomended John Gray. near eastern mythology, Mesopotamia, Syria and Palestine. London. Hamlyn. GwendolynLeick. A Dictionary of Ancient near eastern mythology. London. http://www.bibleorigins.net/booksreccomended.html

Reccomended Bibliography (Updated 19 Dec. 2002) Please note that NOT ALL the sources used in my various articles appear in this bibliography. Archaeology, Biblical Ephraim Stern. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, The Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian Periods (732-332 BCE Ephraim Stern, Editor. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land Jerusalem. 4 Vols. Jerusalem. The Israel Exploration Society. Carta. 1993. Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 4 vols. pp.1237. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1978. The Bible Unearthed, Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts Burton MacDonald. East of the Jordan, Territories and Sites of the Hebrew Scriptures John R. Bartlett, Editor. Archaeology and Biblical Interpretation . London. Routledge. 1996. ISBN 0-415-14114-1 pbk. pp.176. William G. Dever. Recent Archaeological Discoveries and Biblical Research Seattle, Washington. University of Washington Press. 1990. ISBN 0-295-96588-6 pbk. pp.189. Amihai Mazar.

35. Lilinah's Links: Ancient Near East & Mediterranean and a collections of over 40,000 near eastern archaeological artifacts Women in theAncient near East, a Women in Classical mythology, from Princeton University http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Lofts/2938/linkspagn1.html

Lilinah's Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Links Sign my Dreambook! Read my Dreambook! When you see this icon: - it means i especially recommend this site. Updated 30 January 1999 Index of this page: Institutionally Supported Mediterranean and Ancient Near Eastern Sites , including museums and universities Other Mesopotamian and Levantine Related Sites , from organizations and commercial outlets. Personal Mediterranean and Ancient Near Eastern Archaeological Sites Personal Pagan Mesopotamian and Levantine Sites Personal Pagan Greek and Hellenic Sites Mithraic Sites , from both Pagans and scholars. Institutionally Supported Mesopotamian and Levantine Sites ABZU: Ancient Near Eastern sources at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. If you go up the directory-tree, you'll find a tour of the museum, complete with optional QuickTime experiences. What's New in Abzu is the place to check if you've already been to ABZU. The Edinburgh Ras Shamra Project has information about the ancient Canaanite city of Ugarit Material Culture of the Ancient Canaanites, Israelites, and Related People

36. Near Eastern Resources The AssyroBabylonian mythology FAQ - A really great page detailing most of the neareastern Art - A look at the permenent collection of near eastern art at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/7357/mesopotamia.htm

Home Suggested Reading Egypt Misc ... About / Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is the Land Between Two Rivers, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. As these rivers did not flood regularly as did the Nile, life was hard and unpredictable. This can be seen in much of their art and mythology, as it is often dark and violent. The creation of the world was the result of a terrible battle in the Heavens, and many of the gods were not human at all. However, there are many similarities between the ancient Mesopotamian mythology and our own religious beliefs today. This should not surprise us, as Abraham, the Biblical Patriarch, is thought to have been a native of Ur. It was only natural that many of the important beliefs and customs should be passed down. Many of the Judeo-Christian stories have roots here. The stories of the great flood, Moses and even the creation of the world have their beginnings here. This is a fascinating culture worthy of study. I am constantly updating and adding material, so please, come back at a future date to see the new changes and additions. Near Eastern Art Gallery - Artifacts from the Near East from Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Assyria and Anatolia.

37. CNRS | Web Resources: Near Eastern Studies kings, a who's who of ancient Egypt, mythology, a virutal related to the history ofthe eastern Roman Empire. papyrology and numismatics, from the near East to http://www.cnrs.ubc.ca/l_nes.cfm

Contact Information Email Us A collection of Internet resources in the field of Near Eastern Studies. Web Resources: Near Eastern Studies These resources are based on the Open Directory Project Click on the categories below to begin browsing: General Ancient Egypt Ancient Persia, Media, and Parthia Byzantine Empire ... Academic Departments in Archaeology General Abzu - Guide to Resources for the Study of the Ancient Near East Available on the Internet Abu-Bekr, first Muslim caliph - Short biography of Abu-Bekr, the first of the Muslim caliphs and father-in-law to Mohammed. Achemenet (in French) Akhenaten's World - The Middle East during the reign of pharaoh Akhenaten in the 14th century BCE, including maps and atlas. Ancient Accounts of Arabia, 430BCE-550CE - Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient and Medieval Middle East Resources - Selected links provided by the Columbia University Department of Middle East Studies. Ancient Near East History - Selected links, from World History Compass.

38. Ancient Near East Babylonia Other near eastern Texts. posts an extensive selection of primary documentsillustrating Mesopotamian lifestyle, religion, mythology in English http://religion.rutgers.edu/vri/aneast.html

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY RELIGION DEPARTMENT Home Academic Sites American Studies Ancient Near East ... What's New? Note: Some texts are buried deep in e-archives. If title link does not work, click source. General Resources ABZU - Guide to Resources for study of ANE Akkadia Amorites Egypt ... Ancient Near East to 500 BCE Lee Huddleston's e-syllabus offers a historical overview of early near-eastern history with outlines of the ancient worldview , the Egyptian pantheon Mesopotamian spiritual systems epic of Gilgamesh (U of North Texas). The Asclepion Website developed for Nancy Demand's course on Egypt Mesopotamia Greece Biblical Archaeology Society Homepage of the publishers of Biblical Archaeological Review Bible Review Archaeology Odyssey Duke Papyrus Archive ... Handy Ancient History HomePage Chris Oseland posts research papers on assorted aspects of ancient civilizations, with a special focus on Mediterranean world. History of the Ancient Near East: Electronic Compendium Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Ancient Near East Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies Charles University (Prague) provides an on-line library of ancient Ethiopic texts Middle East Photo Archive Collection of classic (19th-early 20th c.) B/W photos of

39. MA/PhD In Mythological Studies | Mythology Literature And Religious Studies Attention will also be given to Gnosticism and ancient near eastern traditions.Religious Studies Approaches to mythology MS 720 .. http://www.pacifica.edu/dp_maphd_literature.html

The foundation of Mythological Studies at Pacifica is the close reading of primary texts from a variety of cultural and religious traditions. These courses encourage interdisciplinary scholarship, giving particular attention to myths, iconography, symbols, religious beliefs, and ritual practices. Historical and contemporary approaches to the study of myth are also carefully reviewed. European Sacred Traditions MS 502 2 Units Medieval religious and spiritual life is the focus of this course. Grail lore, Celtic mythology, esoteric teachings, and nature-based traditions may be used for illustration. Asian Religious Traditions I, II MS 503, MS 605 2 Units each An exploration of selected aspects and texts of Hindu and Buddhist traditions. Specific attention is given to prominent myths and symbols, epic literature and other primary texts, as well as influential philosophical systems such as Yoga, Vedanta, Madhyamaka, and Tantra. Depth psychological interpretations of key doctrines and practices are also explored. Greek and Roman Mythology I, II

40. Mythology's MythingLinks: Near East -- Canaan BC, 198760.. Under construction please be patient Menu of MythingLinks' near eastern pages The TigrisEuphratesRiver Valley http://www.mythinglinks.org/NearEast~Canaan.html

MYTHING LINKS Kathleen Jenks, Ph.D. GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: THE NEAR EAST CANAAN, which once covered much of modern Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Israel A Canaanite (Phoenician) Goddess of Fertility, Mistress of Animals (The Louvre: ivory box lid indicating Minoan influence in the flounced skirt) [Beautifully photographed against golden grain in Time/Life 's series, TimeFrame: 1500-600 BC, Under construction please be patient Menu of Mything Links' Near Eastern pages: The Tigris-EuphratesRiver Valley (also known as Mesopotamia, Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria) Canaan (which once covered much of modern Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Israel) Anatolia (which once covered much of modern Turkey) The Three Monotheisms: Back to Near East Opening Page/Index Mythinglinks' Home Page If you have comments or suggestions, please email me at jenks7@webcom.com Please note that I cannot help with homework questions you will find useful links with tips for doing your own web searches on my Search Engine page. You will also find excellent resources on my General Reference page.

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