21. The Impact Of The Expedition As a whole class, discuss why native americans created maps. Help students tofind similarities in the use of maps today and uses native americans had. http://www.edgate.com/lewisandclark/lesson_plans/LP_WhyMakeMap.htm

L ESSON P LANS Why Make A Map? Submitted by: Christine McCoid Lesson Overview Concept In this lesson, students will discover the reasons Native Americans mapped the land, and will relate those reasons to modern mapping. Performance Objectives Students will be able to: Discuss the origins of mapping. Recognize the importance of mapping. Use cooperative learning skills. Materials Start with chart paper and markers Procedures Ask the class, "Why do we use maps?" Have a short discussion about the reasons people today would use maps. Tell the class that mapping began with Native Americans. Discuss reasons Native Americans may have wanted to map the land. (It has been found that they mapped primarily to chart seasonal movements, hunting, trade, and warfare. Try to elicit these answers from students.) List reasons on chart paper. Divide the class into small groups, and assign each group one reason from the list. For example, assign one group HUNTING and one group WARFARE.

22. Lesson 6: Native Americans In The West Herds) so they align on one of the student maps. Discuss with students what theyknow from previous learning about the relationships of native americans to the http://www.museumca.org/goldrush/curriculum/5g/51006050.html

Lesson 6: Native Americans in the West Preparation: Make overhead transparencies of the following images ( Resources 6-1 through Native Californian Map: Buffalo Herds in the West Map: Native American Areas in the West Indian Village, Minneapolis California Indian Camp Overhead projector, pencils, crayons, colored pens, notepaper Student copies of the song "The Rainbow Cradle" (Resource 2-1) Goal: Students will recall their knowledge of Native American people who lived in the West and reflect on how their perspectives differed from pioneers and argonauts of the 19th century. Historical Background: It is important to remember that tribes of the West were not united; they acted as separate nations and formed agreements with other tribes and with the American government independently of each other. At midcentury, northern Plains tribes, at war among themselves, treated with American government agents to let pioneers pass through their lands. Thus, in spite of overblown fears of "savage" Indians, relatively few serious situations arose along the Overland (Oregon-California) Trail in the early years following the Gold Rush of 1849. In fact, many pioneers found Plains Indians helpful with sustenance, river crossings and knowledge of the area. This was not the case along the Southern Route (Gila River). Nomadic tribes of this area had a long history of mutual depredation with the Spanish settlements and with farming tribes. Overland travelers found it necessary to travel in large groups and maintain strict watch over their encampments and livestock.

23. Native Americans Attractions Travel - maps - Sports - News - Weather - Art Entertainment -Education You are here Home Subjects Social Studies native americans. http://www.floridasmart.com/subjects/nativeam.htm

Your Florida Web Guide Advertise Sponsor Be an Editor Attractions ... Local You are here: Home Subjects Social Studies Native Americans Your name here. Click here for sponsorship info Subjects Social Studies Native Americans Do you know of a Social Studies site that we missed? Click here to add a link Native Americans Native American Indian Used Books Academic Info Native American Studies Native Americans and the Environment Native American Environmentalists ... National Museum of the American Indian Smithsonian NativeWeb Resources Resources for indigenous cultures around the world. American Indian Genealogy Native American Heritage American Indian Links to Neat Places Indian Country Today Native American Newspaper Indians.org Wayde's American Indian Pages Buzz's American Indian Page Hot Links for American Indian Tribal Libraries ... American Indian Library Association Florida Native Americans Native Indians of Florida Calusa Indian Culture Learn more about these forgotten Floridians as you explore the Fort Myers Beach Archaeological Trail A Step Back in Time Learn about the history of Florida's true native people, the Timucuan Indian.

24. Resources For Teaching About Native Americans The First americans Tribes of North America Jane Werner Watson. native NorthAmerican Almanac (2nd Ed) Duane Champagne (Editor). maps and Geography Top. http://www.americanpentimento.com/ref.htm

TEACHER REFERENCES: NATIVE AMERICANS Biographies History Games and Toys ENCYCLOPEDIAS The Encyclopedia of Native America Trudy Griffin-Pierce. Language families, poetry, lifeways, games, and medicine. An OK, relatively inexpensive reference work focusing on US Native Americans. Ages 12+ Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes The First Americans: Tribes of North America Jane Werner Watson. The dwellings, duties of adults and children, and respect for religious rites and ceremonies of plains, woodlands, Inuit, northwest and southwest Natives. Ages 4-8. (Out of print.) Happily May I Walk: American Indians and Alaska Natives Today Arlene Hirschfelder. Inexpensive reference summary. Ages 12+ Native North American Almanac (2nd Ed) Duane Champagne (Editor) Maps and Geography Atlas of the North American Indian Carl Waldman, Molly Braun (Illustrator) The atlas of choice for Native American history. Ages 8+ Between Earth and Sky: Legends of Native American Sacred Places Joseph Bruchac, Thomas Locker (Illustrator). Native legends about sacred places including the well-known landmarks Niagara Falls and the Grand Canyon.Ages 4-8.

25. Native Americans, First Nations, Maori, And Aboriginal A-Z American. maps Language, Legal Tradition, Vegetation, World, Other nativemaps. Music Aboriginal, First Nation, Maori, native American. http://www.americanpentimento.com/

Site Map American Pentimento: The Invention of Indians and the Pursuit of Riches (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001) American Pentimento About This Site Cover page Index Art Aboriginal, First Nation Maori Native American Children's Books Aboriginal, First Nation, Maori Native American ... For Children (by age) Crafts Food Games Aboriginal, First Nation Maori Native American ... For Children (by age) Dance Aboriginal , First Nation, Maori Native American Reference Encyclopedias Biographies Maps Games ... Maori Government, Legal Issues Aboriginal First Nation Maori Native American Information First Nation, Native American Aboriginal, Maori Index A-E, F-L, M-Q, R-Z, ... A-Z Languages Aboriginal, First Nation Maori Native American Lesson Plans Aboriginal First Nation Maori Native American Videos Aboriginal First Nation Maori Native American Maps Language, Legal Tradition, Vegetation World Other Native Maps Music Aboriginal First Nation Maori Native American Names Aboriginal,

26. Native Americans If possible, print out some of the maps to include. living in your area as well asthe entire state of Louisiana using Louisiana native americans An Overview http://www.challenge.state.la.us/k12act/data/Native_American.html

La. Challenge Activities for the K-12 Classroom Native Americans by Carolyn Clayton Subject Area(s): Social Studies Grade Level(s): 5th grade Topics: History, Geography, Art, Writing Purpose(s) of Lesson: To study the American Indians of North America during its early beginnings. To study Native Americans living in the state of Louisiana. To research and summarize the early life of the Native Americans. To create a portfolio of research on eight groups of American Indians and present it to the class as a culminating activity. Materials Needed: Computer(s) with Internet capabilities, Encarta CD ROM or online, drawing paper, crayons or markers, folders, construction paper, and craft sticks Time Required: 3 - 4 class periods Lesson Procedure: Use brainstorming to review the early years of the following groups of Indians. Detail their homes, clothing, food, art, customs, transportation, environment, and names of tribes within each group: a. Arctic Indians b. Northwest Coast Indians c. California Indians

27. Grand Canyon National Park - Native Americans Welcome Trip Planning Quick Look maps Grand Canyon National Park Page updated 28 February 2003 Privacy and Disclaimer Notice. http://www.nps.gov/grca/grandcanyon/quicklook/american_indians.htm

Quick Look at Grand Canyon introduction a national park seeing the canyon geology ... other information American Indians at Grand Canyon - Past and Present Humans have been living at Grand Canyon for at least 4000 years. Split twig figurines are the oldest evidence of their presence. These animal figurines are a few inches in height, made primarily from twigs of willow or cottonwood. They are found in caves below the rim. Split twig figurines were fashioned by the people of the Desert Culture. The ancestral Puebloan people of the southwestern United States made their home in the four corners region, where Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona share a common point. Their record in this region is rich and spans the time period from 200 B.C. to A.D. 1300. The ancestral Puebloan people are believed to be the ancestors of the Hopi people, who inhabit a region east of Grand Canyon. The Hopi name for these ancestors is Hisatsinom (hee-SOT-sin-ahm). The Hopi people believe they emerged from the canyon and that their spirits rest here. The Havasupai people inhabit the inner canyon in a region west of Grand Canyon Village. In this remote and beautiful corner of the canyon sits the village of Supai and the descendants of a people who have lived within the canyon for several hundred years. The village remains accessible only by foot, pack animal or from the river but is still heavily visited each year by tourists.

28. Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Native American Reference Books of Indianwhite relations, native americans today, treaties artists from over 100native American Nations. from Thunderbird two information-packed wall maps. http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmai/referenc.htm

Reference Books on Native Americans Bataille, Gretchen M., editor, Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary , 1993, Garland Publishing, New York. Brief biographies of historic and present-day Indian women. Champagne, Duane, editor, The Native North American Almanac , 1994, Gale Research, Detroit, Michigan. Includes brief biographies of 470 prominent Native North Americans, in addition to a chronology, and chapters on historical demography, languages, law and legislation, activism, religion, education, and the arts. Cohen, Felix, Handbook of Federal Indian Law , 1971, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. This is the standard reference work on federal Indian law. Reprint of the 1942 edition. Cutler, Charles L., O Brave New Words!: Native American Loanwords in Current English , 1994, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. A detailed study of Native American words that have passed into English. Davis, Mary B., editor, Native America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia , 1994, Garland Publishing, New York. A comprehensive reference work on Native Americans in the twentieth century, the encyclopedia includes signed articles authored by Native Americans and other experts on contemporary tribes and issues of importance to Indians living in today's world. Arranged alphabetically, entries range from short articles on small groups to detailed discussions of larger groups. Subject entrieshealth, education, art, government policy, and economic issues, for exampleare also included. The encyclopedia is thoroughly indexed.

29. Native American Of Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon & Washington Cascadia Information Accommodations; Adventure Vacations; Art Gallery; Attractions;Cruises; EcoTours; Golf; native americans; maps; Reservations; Transportation; Tours. http://www.youra.com/cascadia/indians.html

Cascadia Information: Accommodations Adventure Vacations Art Gallery Attractions ... Cabo San Lucas, MEXICO Native American Culture Alaska Native Knowledge Network Home page sponsored by Alaska Federation of Natives ALASKA ALBERTA BRITISH COLUMBIA IDAHO OREGON WASHINGTON More information on: Alaska Alberta British Columbia Idaho ... Oregon and Washington Dan Youra Studios

30. Native Americans Today they number about two million (0.8 percent of the total US population), andonly about onethird of native americans still live on Statistics maps. http://www.usembassy.ru/usa/society-native.htm

About the USA Back to Main Page A Nation of Immigrants Native Americans ... Criminal Justice Native Americans The territorial wars, along with Old World diseases to which Indians had no built-up immunity, sent their population plummeting, to a low of 350,000 in 1920. Some tribes disappeared altogether; among them were the Mandans of North Dakota, who had helped Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in exploring America's unsettled northwestern wilderness in 1804-06. Other tribes lost their languages and most of their culture. Nonetheless, Native Americans have proved to be resilient. Today they number about two million (0.8 percent of the total U.S. population), and only about one-third of Native Americans still live on reservations. Countless American place-names derive from Indian words, including the states of Massachusetts, Ohio, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, and Idaho. Indians taught Europeans how to cultivate crops that are now staples throughout the world: corn, tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco. Canoes, snowshoes, and moccasins are among the Indians' many inventions. Background American Indian Environmental Office (EPA) Facts for American Indian Heritage Month 2000 (Census Bureau) Native Americans (Encarta Encyclopedia) National Congress of American Indians ... U.S. Department of Agriculture. Native American Working Group

31. AZ Tourist News Online - Native American Culture SPORTS. RELOCATION INFO CITY WEB DIRECTORY maps native americans AZ FACTS. AZ Tourist News native American Culture July 2002. http://www.aztourist.com/native_american/

ARTS ATTRACTIONS DINING EVENTS ... AZ Tourist News Native American Culture July 2002 type keywords and hit enter on keyboard Articles Arts Attractions Dining ... Special Promotion NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE Please choose a category and browse through our archive! Articles Events Attractions Cultural Centers ... Business Directory This Months Articles Back to Top AZ Tourist News is a Division of Access Advertising Systems Arizona Tourist

32. Students On Site: Native Americans: Introduction For example, native americans developed a system of trails throughout WashtenawCounty to Two maps compare Michigan highways to native American trails. http://www.artsofcitizenship.umich.edu/sos/topics/native/

Students on Site Topics Native Americans > Introduction Native American History in Michigan: Introduction Native Americans lived in what is now called Washtenaw County long before the first white person entered Michigan. In fact, the name Washtenaw comes from the Chippewa words waushte and nong, which together mean "the land beyond." It is impossible to map the locations of Native American tribes because they overlapped each other so much. Several tribes lived in Michigan and surrounding areas: the tribes known as the "three fires," the Pottawatomie, Ottawa, and Chippewa (also known as the Ojibwe); smaller tribes like the Sauk, the Foxes, and the Mascoutens; and the Iroquois nations who had moved west into Michigan when whites occupied New York and Pennsylvania. We can not really know what native life was like before the arrival of Europeans. Native Americans left no written record and few images that told about their lives, and very few whites spoke native languages. But we can know a few things about Native American life before contact with Europeans. For the most part, Native Americans in this area lived by hunting and gathering. They hunted and fished, and ate moose, caribou, dear, bear, and small game like rabbits, squirrels, and fish. Some tribes grew rice, squash, and corn. They wore clothing made from the skins of the animals they ate, and used tools made of bone, sinew, and other animal parts, and their homes were made of mud and bark. With the exception of the Chippewa, Native Americans in this area also farmed corn, squash, and rice.

33. Students On Site: Native Americans and wagons. Compare the two maps below. Can drive today? There aren’tmany descriptions of native americans from that long ago. Of http://www.artsofcitizenship.umich.edu/sos/tour/2.html

Students on Site Virtual Bus Tour > Native Americans 2. Native Americans Even before the settlers came and built their mills, there were people here and you don't have to go far in Ann Arbor to find evidence of their lives here—just head for the nearest highway (but don’t walk on the highway...take it from a squirrel, walking in the streets is not a good idea). I’m talking, of course, about the Native American tribes who used to live in Michigan. Most belonged to three different tribes: the Ottawa, Chippewa, and Pottawatomie. In fact, the name "Washtenaw" comes from the Chippewa words waushte and nong , meaning "the land beyond." Native Americans in Washtenaw County set up trading posts along two major trails they call the Great Sauk (rhymes with "walk") Trail and St. Joseph's Trail. These trails went past Detroit and through Chicago into present day Ann Arbor and are now U.S. 12 and I-94. In fact, most modern highways follow these old footpaths that connected villages with each other and local hunting and fishing grounds. Trails were often only twelve to eighteen inches wide, permitting travel only by single file. When white settlers arrived, they had to widen them to fit their horses and wagons. Compare the two maps below. Can you tell which one is the map of old trails and which one are the highways you and your parents drive today?

34. Native Americans describes the various pottery manufacturing techniques of early native americans. INDIANRUNNING, native AMERICAN HISTORY TRADITION Nabokov. Numerous maps. http://www.treasuredetectors.com/Native_Americans.htm

TreasureDetectors.com People like YOU find Treasure too! 'How to' and 'Where to' Books, Maps, Atlases, PC Software, Tools, Videos and Other Stuff!!! Dig Here in our Catalog Pages Native Americans Item Number ISBN Number Title and Description Price Cover Picture PS-004036 WORLD'S RIM - Great Mysteries of the North American Indians - Alexander. The Indian's view of life, rituals, ceremonies, thoughts, cultures; and the spiritual side of the Indian. Softbound, 5 1/2 x 8 1/2, 261 pages PS-004070 087341-554-X - Hothem. Nearly 2000 photos, including a 32 page full color gallery of Native American treasures. Dating from prehistoric to present day. Tips, Indian groups, customs, plus much more. Softbound, 8 1/2 x 11, 493 pages PS-004143 NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN MOTIFS CD-ROM and BOOK PS-004254 INDIAN ARTIFACTS OF THE MIDWEST BOOK IV PS-004276 AMERICAN INDIAN POTTERY - Wirt. Explores the different pottery styles and describes the various pottery manufacturing techniques of early Native Americans. Well illustrated with color photos and drawings. Includes list of selected sources. Softbound, 5 1/2 x 8 1/2, 32 pages.

35. NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE AMERICAN FRONTIER Bookstore of reference books related to prints and maps of the American Westand native americans. native American American Frontier Reference Books. http://www.philaprintshop.com/frontieref.html

Bookshop Home Page Gallery of American Indians Views Page Home Alan Axelrod, ed. American Frontier Life. Early Western Painting and Prints. New York, 1987. Cloth. Out of print. A copiously illustrated selection of articles on the topic. Paul E. Cohen. Mapping the West. America's Westward Movement 1524-1890 . New York, 2002. Cloth. Sixty-five maps, many from private collections, illustrate the progression and history of European settlement and expansion in the American West. With an introduction by David Rumsey. Christopher W. Lane. "A History of McKenney and Hall's History of the Indian Tribes of North America ." From Imprint . Volume 27, Number 2; Autumn 2002. Paper. The complete issue of Imprint , featuring the 15 page illustrated article on the publication history McKenney and Hall's American Indian portrait prints. Sophia Craze. Charles Russell. Greenwich, 1989. Cloth. Out of print. A tall folio volume with many full-page color illustrations of the artist's work. Lacking dust jacket. James Gilreath, ed.

36. Greater Phoenix Convention & Visitors Bureau only to Oklahoma in its population of native americans. a registry for more than 2,000native American artists. Cultural Tourism About Us maps Press Room http://www.visitphoenix.com/native.shtml

Submit an RFP Civic Plaza Venues Meeting Services ... Request Media Kit NATIVE AMERICANS Order a Free Visitors Guide! The Greater Phoenix CVB's Multi-Cultural Affairs and Sales Departments have made great strides in the Hispanic meetings market and have booked three significant Hispanic meetings in recent months. More >> Native American History in Phoenix There are 21 federally recognized Native American tribes represented in Arizona with a total population of about 300,000. Arizona is second only to Oklahoma in its population of Native Americans. Among the most highly visible are the Navajo, many of who live on the 16 million acre reservation in northeastern Arizona that includes the exquisitely lovely Monument Valley and Canyon de Chelly. The huge reservation wraps around the much smaller Hopi Reservation, home to one of the oldest continuously surviving communities of native people in the United States. Cousins of the Navajo are the White Mountain Apache and San Carlos Apache tribes to the north and east of Phoenix.

37. United States History 1783-1815 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natu Country Index Government Policy Toward native americans http//www.workmall.com/wfb2001/united_states/native_americans.htmlSource The Library of Congress http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/united_states/united_states_history_native_ameri

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Government Policy Toward Native Americans http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/united_states/native_americans.html Source: The Library of Congress < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS In 1776, the Continental Congress appointed a committee to develop a plan for a central government. Shortly thereafter, the Articles of Confederation were written and a union of states, called the United States of America, came into being. Under the Articles of Confederation, the newly developed central government was required to share power with the states. Among the powers given over to the central government were making war and peace, conducting diplomatic relations, requisitioning men and money from the states, coining and borrowing money, and regulating Indian affairs. The states were responsible for enforcing laws, regulating commerce, administering justice, and levying taxes. During the mid 1780s, the Confederation Congress was particularly attentive to problems in the Northwest Territory, an area of land located between the thirteen states and the Mississippi River. Thousands of settlers had moved into the area by 1780. However, they were not the first settlers. Living on the land were numerous nations of Native Americans.

38. NARA | ALIC | Indians/Native Americans Coast and Plateau Indian cultures, complemented by essays, maps, bibliographies,and links towns and landscape, and show the lives of native americans from more http://www.archives.gov/research_room/alic/reference_desk/native_american_links.

Where Is...? / How Do I...? Where Is...? Hot Topics / What's New The Constitution The Declaration of Independence The Bill of Rights Genealogy Veterans' Service Records Archival Research Catalog (ARC) Access to Archival Databases (AAD) Electronic Records Archives (ERA) Archives Library Info. Center (ALIC) Calendar of Events FAQs FOIA Reading Room Information Security Oversight Office Interagency Working Group (IWG) Locations and Hours (Facilities) Media Desk Organization Chart Preservation Prologue Magazine Publications How Do I...? Use this Site Order Copies Contact NARA Visit NARA Apply for a Job Volunteer at NARA Research Online Find a Public Law Apply for a Grant Find Records Management Training April 9, 2003 Sections ALIC Main Page Research Tools Reference at Your Desk Associations ... About ALIC Resources The Library Catalog Microfilm Catalog NARA Electronic Publications Archives USA ... Contact ALIC Staff Indians/Native Americans This page contains links to American history relating to Native Americans. During November we celebrate Native American/Alaskan Native Heritage Month. Check out these

39. American West - Native Americans 19. ?McFarlin native americans Library Guide. 20. 27. native American maps includingGIS (Geographical Images Systems) Excellent job by Paula Giese. http://www.americanwest.com/pages/genres.htm

NATIVE AMERICANS General Native American Resources TABLE OF CONTENTS General Native American Resources Native American Nations Homepages Education Organizations And Government Sources ... Two Wolves Links 2. Available: Native American Internet Guide, Indian Country Address Book Heard Museum Archives Northern Arizona University Oklahoma State University - search for "indians" Native American Sites and References Native American Links Index of Native American Resources on the Internet Links to Organizations, Schools and Scholarships, Law programs, Environment, Studies and Media American Indian Schools, Colleges, Tribes Center of the American West - Links to Western Organizations Code Talk General Resources The "information superhighway" running through Indian Country Native American Information Sites "You can almost hear them" Mesa Community College Archaeology Map of Indian Reservations This is a must to see! You start at a large U.S. map, clickable down to smaller regions, then ending up with an actual journey to Native American's landscapes with a lot of colorful pictures (by using "tribe finder")! Another wonderful journey through Indian land with beautiful color pictures.

40. Beginning Research--Native American Studies E77 .B6 1985) presents information on native North americans in theUS, Canada, and Middle American using text as well as maps. http://garamond.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/adams/shortcu/amind.html

Beginning Library Research on Native American Studies Stanford University Libraries collections on the historical and contemporary experience of Native Americans are extensive, making Stanford an excellent place for students conducting research in this area. The interdisciplinary nature on Native American studies means that relevant titles are often dispersed throughout the general collection depending upon subject matter. Use Socrates , Stanford's online catalog, to locate books and other materials. Use the library's print or electronic indexes to locate journal articles and published papers. Socrates can tell you what library materials Stanford owns and where they are located, by searching one of the following options: author, title, call number, organization, or subject. When searching Socrates, it helps to know the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). One method of identifying the subject headings is by checking the Library of Congress Subject Headings bound volumes that are located on the Ready Reference Table or near the Information Desk in the catalog area. Another (online) method is to locate material you know is on the your topic by doing an author

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