81. The Reggae Boyz, Jamaica Football History And World Cup Qualifying Results history of jamaica's Football. jamaica made history by becoming the first Englishspeaking country from the Caribbean to ever qualify for the world cup finals. http://www.thereggaeboyz.com/history.htm

Support our advertisers News ReggaeBoyz Forum Guestbook NPL Teams ... Merchandise thereggaeboyz.com player of the year Vote for the Reggae Boyz Player of the year Ricardo Fuller Onandi Lowe Ricardo Gardner Aaron Lawrence Paul Hall Tyrone Marshall Current Results Create a FREE Alxnet Web Poll TheReggaeBoyz.com would like to express our thanks for your support Submit Your Vote Winner of Jamaica Top 5 Surfers Choice Award Submit Your Vote Winner of 2003-2004 Golden Web Award Visit IrieJamaicanCafe.com ... Sign up for a PayPal account and receive your $5 bonus History of Jamaica's Football Some of the records available indicates that football (soccer) was introduced in Jamaica towards the end of the 19th century and 1893 is listed as the year Jamaica formed it's first football club.

82. - What To Expect - Area History Area history From the Arawak natives to discovery by Columbus to the rise of sugarplantations and the abolition of slavery, jamaica's history is tumultuous http://jamaica.rezrez.com/whattoexpect/area_history/

Central Reservations: 1 866-787-1960 International: 1 604-990-6333 UK: 0800-917-1531 Home What to Expect Area History Area History From the Arawak natives to discovery by Columbus to the rise of sugar plantations and the abolition of slavery, Jamaica's history is tumultuous and thought-provoking. As Jamaica looks towards its prospering future it keeps a tight grasp on its troubled history in order to learn from the past. Past to Present Jamaica was originally settled by a native population known as Arawaks but in 1494, with the arrival of Christopher Columbus, the island began a history filled with tumult and strife. By 1510 Spanish settlers started to arrive on the island and by the end of the century the native Arawak population had been wiped out from disease and poor treatment by the island’s conquerors. The Spanish brought with them new agricultural techniques, introduced livestock and sugar plantations, and brought the first slaves from West Africa to the island. Jamaica became a base for the Spanish conquest of the rest of the Americas and soon turned into a port of ill repute, a stopping off point for buccaneers and pirates. In 1655, the English took control of the island after a short resistance by the poorly defended Spanish. Occupation by the English brought an increase in the production of sugar on the island and, consequently, an influx of slaves imported to work on the plantations. Slaves were forced to work in such terrible conditions that revolts occurred frequently but it wasn’t until the Christmas Rebellion of 1831 that notice was taken in England. In 1834 with pressure from the UK, the Jamaican government abolished slavery on the island.

83. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Jamaica. history Arawaks were the first inhabitants of jamaica, which they called Xaymaca,meaning isle of springs. Columbus first glimpsed the north coast of the http://www.1uptravel.com/international/caribbean/jamaica/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Caribbean Jamaica ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History Arawaks were the first inhabitants of Jamaica, which they called Xaymaca, meaning "isle of springs." Columbus first glimpsed the north coast of the island in May 1494, landing in Montego Bay before he sailed back to Cuba. When he returned nine years later, stormy weather damaged two of his ships, and he was forced to anchor at St. Anne's Bay, where he and his men were marooned until the governor of Hispaniola retrieved them. In 1510 a permanent Spanish settlement was finally established under the orders of Don Diego, Columbus's son, who was then governor of the West Indies.

84. UWI Press :: Recommended For CXC And CAPE Caribbean History And Bibligraphy The Rebel Woman describes a period in jamaica's history where women playedan important part in different forms of protest against slavery. http://www.uwipress.com/cgi-local/shop.pl/page=cxccape.html

Shopping Cart Ordering Information Help Contact Us ... Newly Released Browse CXC /CAPE Recommended for History Bibliography Supplement for CSEC Resource Materials Browse Others Caribbean Cultural Studies Caribbean History Caribbean Literature Education ... Sociology Help Ordering Infomation Useful Links Company Info About Us Feedback RECOMMENDED FOR CXC AND CAPE CARIBBEAN HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY Our Cause for His Glory Christianisation and Emancipation in Jamaica Persistent Poverty Underdevelopment in Plantation Economies of the Third World Shirley C. Gordon ISBN 976-640-051-2 170pp 6 x 9 US$ 25.00

85. Jamaicasunrise.com Palestinian descent. Much of jamaica's history has been shaped by theefforts of other countries to rule and control the island. It is http://www.jamaicasunrise.com/history.html

HISTORY Jamilah Owens Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean located just south of Cuba. It measures about 4,411 square miles and stretches across 461 miles from east to west, and varies between 22 and 51 miles from north to south. The island is home to more than 2.7 million people of African, English, Chinese, East Indian, and Palestinian descent. Much of Jamaica's history has been shaped by the efforts of other countries to rule and control the island. It is a history entrenched in oppression, violence, and tyranny, and the struggle for independence. For centuries, Jamaica has been used a layover retreat for Spanish galleons, a market for slaves and wares from other countries, and a valued asset for the British, Spain, marauders, and capitalists. The Arawak Around 600 A.D. the Arawak Indians arrived in Jamaica. They originated from northern South America, and were a peaceful people skilled as fishermen, hunters, and pottery makers. The Arawak called the island, Xymaca, which means "land of wood and water".

86. Welcome To HomeView Jamaica - Jamaica Football Federation jamaica's Football history. The actual date of the introduction of football injamaica, or the individual to to whom the credit belongs s is not on record. http://www.homeviewjamaica.com/jamfootballfed/HISTORY.html

Home HomeViewJamaica Feedback Help ... Swim Jamaica Jamaica's Football History The actual date of the introduction of football in Jamaica, or the individual to to whom the credit belongs s is not on record. However, it would seem that it was in the 1880s (1883 to be precise), that football first (seen at top) made its appearance on Jamaica's playfields, thanks to Reverend G.C. Hendricks who fielded the York Castle school eleven. For the next sixty years, senior football was almost the sole preserve of private clubs, most of which were originally formed with cricket as the number one sport. Kingston Cricket Club was first among clubs to introduce it, though many of its members were jealous of the popularity of the new game. The inaugural meeting of the 'Martinez Association Football Cup', the first recorded organised competition, took place on the October 6, 1906. Former Governor, Sir Sydney Olivier (1910) and Sir William Manning (1914) donated trophies to be played for by schoolboys. (The daCosta Cup came into being in 1949). For the most part, the game was located in the Corporate Area (Kingston and St Andrew), under the auspices of the Jamaica Football Association which was founded in 1910. They were called senior teams. Of all the other parishes, only St James had an organised team in the 1940s in Montego Bay called the St James eleven, with Lester Alcock being the outstanding player. The game was mostly disorganised in the other parishes. In Kingston, club teams such as Railway, Kingston, Army local, Army foreign (members were English soldiers stationed in Jamaica), Kensington, St George's Old Boys, Lucas, YMCA were the major competitive teams.

87. Jamaica's Flag Coat Of Arms And Their History The history of jamaica's Flag. Hardships there are, but the land isgreen and the sun shineth. . August 6, 1962, jamaica's Independence http://www.jamaicanpride.com/History_Culture/flag_history.htm

88. Jamaica At The UN - Brief History That Conference was described as the most 'politically fraught conference'in the history of the United Nations. jamaica's Contributions. http://www.un.int/jamaica/memship.htm

One of the remarkable features of the United Nations is that all members, rich or poor, powerful or weak, are given a chance to influence international affairs. Member states, regardless of their political, economic or social systems, can bring to the United Nations issues of concern which they believe warrant the attention of the international community. Jamaica and the United Nations - 1962-1995 H S Walker On September 21, 1962, Sir Alexander Bustamante, then Prime Minister of the newly independent Jamaica, applauded as the island's black, green and gold flag was unfurled at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, marking Jamaica's entry, on September 18th, into that body as a member. Since then, despite limitations of size and resources, Jamaica has played an outstanding role in the United Nations' system, helping to focus international attention on such significant matters as human rights, decolonization, economic cooperation and indebtedness, and women's issues. Jamaica has served on the United Nations Security Council (1979-1980) and on the Economic and Social Council on a number of occasion. Its representatives have frequently been elected to the Governing Council of several specialized agencies and other bodies in the United Nations Organization. Jamaican nationals have also served with distinction in various capacities within the Secretariat of the United Nations. It is of some significance that, as the international community celebrates the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations, Jamaica's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York served as Rapporteur of the Preparatory Committee for that Anniversary.

89. Reggae History ReggaeFusion - The Encyclopedia Of Jamaica's This section provides a neardefinitive history of the music of jamaica.With a population of 2.5 million, the island has produced http://www.reggaefusion.com/Evolution/Reggae.html

90. Go-Kingston | A Go-Local Jamaica Community Web Site | History Excerpted from the book, Tour jamaica, by Margaret Morris. estate developers andurban planners, Kingston is a city with very little visible history but its http://www.go-kingston.com/history/history.html

History Government Photo Gallery Places Uptown ... Search this site Excerpted from the book, Tour Jamaica, by Margaret Morris Sir William Beeston returned to the island soon afterwards as governor and fortuitously discovered that the sale of this land to the government had not been legal, so the lots had to be purchased individually from him. He also acquired by dubious means the shoal water fronting Harbour Street thus greatly increasing the value of his holding there. When the governor's wheeling and dealing came to light there was a public outcry, and Kingston was born amidst a government scandal, the first many through the years. Children play in the ruins of Old Port Royal In the beginning the refugees, crowded into tents on Colonel Barry's hog Crawle, were tormented by mosquitoes and fevers and more than 2,000 died. The survivors hankered to return to Port Royal so for a long time no substantial buildings were erected, only huts built with boughs, but by the end of the eighteenth century there were more than 3,000 fine brick houses in the city. Kingston's excellent natural harbour fostered trade and the naval wars of the eighteenth century brought traffic and prosperity. The carousing for which Port Royal had been notorious continued here amongst a population noted for their excessive eating and drinking. Most of the duty collected was paid on Madeira wine, while the slaves and poorer classes made do with a rum concoction called kill-devil .

91. Jamaica PreColumbian history. 1, A Brief history of jamaica. Historical information on jamaicafrom Pre-Colombian jamaica to present. 4, Brief Facts of jamaica's history. http://www.ad.com/Regional/Caribbean/Jamaica/Society_and_Culture/__History/

search Top Categories: Pre-Columbian History A Brief History of Jamaica Historical information on Jamaica from Pre-Colombian Jamaica to present. Compiled by Donna Essix, hosted by Jamaicas.com Category: Society > History > By Region > Caribbean > Jamaica http://jamaicans.com/info/brief.htm A Short History of Jamaica Bob Marley Website presents and interesting view of the islands history. Category: Society > History > By Region > Caribbean > Jamaica http://www.bobmarley.com/life/jamaica/ A Time Line of Jewish Jamaica This timeline of the history of Jamaica includes events significant to the establishment of various religions and the events most significant to the presence of the Jewish Religion. Category: Society > History > By Region > Caribbean > Jamaica http://www.sephardim.org/jamaica/main.html Brief Facts of Jamaica's History A summary beginning with the first settlements to modern day. Category: Society > History > By Region > Caribbean > Jamaica http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Jamaica/jamhis.html Discover Jamaica-Travel and History.

92. Negril Hotels, Negril Jamaica Hotels, Negril Resorts, Negril History, Map Of Neg pastimes. history Unlike most other places in jamaica Negril has verylittle history except as a haven for shipping and pirates. In http://negril-jamaica.com/

Local folklore has it that Adam and Eve actually left Eden for a better way of life in Negril, Jamaica . Unspoiled, untamed, uninhibited, Negril is a luscious mixture of innocence and seductiveness. Curving seven miles along Jamaica's West coast, it features an incredible white sand beach that seems to go on forever and leads to a dramatic headland called West End, whose cliffs are carved with ancient caves and secluded rock-bound tidal pools of translucent water. In addition to what are arguably the most beautiful sunsets in the world, you will find resorts, small inns, villas and cottage resorts - but not a single high-rise in sight because local law states that no structure in Negril can rise higher than the highest palm tree, except for the Negril Lighthouse which towers 100 feet above sea level. Popular dive sites are at Sand Club Reef, Commando Training Dive, Coral Gardens, The Arch, and Kingfish Point. The Negril cliffs, particularly around the lighthouse and Rick's Cafe, are also popular for swimming and snorkeling, with a network of caves and grotto's for romantic rendezvous. Picnic excursions to Booby Cay for snorkeling, swimming and sunning are among the more popular pastimes. History : Unlike most other places in Jamaica Negril has very little history except as a haven for shipping and pirates. In 1814 fifty warships and 6600 men sailed from Negril to tackle the American rebels and were trounced in the Battle of New Orleans. It was here that the infamous pirate Calico Jack Rackham was captured, then taken to Spanish Town for trial and executed near Port Royal at a place known thereafter as Rackham's Cay. Jack acquired his nickname because of his penchant for wearing calico underwear. It is said that prior to his capture he was (true to the Negril tradition!) carousing aboard his ship with two of his crew Anne Bonney and Mary Read. These female pirates who had the reputation of being even more bloodthirsty than their captain were both pregnant for him. At their trial they "pleaded their bellies" and were spared the death penalty.

93. History Of Jamaica Avenue: Richmond Hill Historical Society of Interest 1950 LIRR's worst train crash in Richmond Hill List of Former StreetNames / Real Estate Map 1905 About the history of jamaica Avenue Photo circa http://www.richmondhillhistory.org/JamaicaAve.html

LIRR 1890 illustrations of Richmond Hill's Points of Interest 1950 LIRR's worst train crash in Richmond Hill List of Former Street Names Real Estate Map 1905 About the History of Jamaica Avenue Photo circa 1890's shows Fulton Street as name for present day Jamaica Avenue. This photo was taken from Lefferts Blvd in Richmond Hill facing west to Brooklyn and shows the famed "Triangle" with Myrtle Avenue to the right with electric trolley car intersecting Jamaica Avenue in the foreground. JAMAICA PLANK ROAD - JAMAICA AVE. HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS of the Borough of Queens, N.Y. Vol. 14 Queensboro Public Library Jamaica, N.Y. Article courtesy of the Carl Ballenas Collection A n Indian trail led from the Great Plains to the Cove, at the northern end of the Heights on the East River, which became the site of the Brooklyn Ferry. This trail was widened by the Hempstead settlers, and became known as the Ferry Road. Another Indian Trail, intersecting this one at Jamaica, ran along the line of Flushing Main Street, Kissena Boulevard, and Parsons Boulevard. The roads were made in the earliest days from these trails. On June 19,1803, a law was passed, providing for one public and general highway to extend from the Ferry in Kings County, through that County and the Counties of Queens and Suffolk.

94. Jamaica Detailed source of information about jamaica including photographs, island history, recipes, places to go and eat and some tourist services. http://www.fantasyisle.com

JAMAICA, WEST INDIES ISLAND PARADISE Welcome to the single largest source of information about Jamaica on the World Wide Web. We are here to help you with your requests with great information about our beautiful island Jamaica. If you have any questions about Jamaica rentals, real estate, tours or information in the meantime please contact us at webmaster@fantasyisle.com Welcome to Jamaica's Internet Information Website To Contact Us At Fantasyisle.com Please Use The Following Address webmaster@fantasyisle.com After 6 years on the Web bringing great information to the internet superhighway about Jamaica, Fantasyisle.com is going through some facelift changes. We are adding new information every day so keep on checking for great deals and interesting information. Beautiful Jamaican Coastline at Dusk HOW DOES ONE CONTACT THE WEBMASTER ? 1.ADDRESS YOUR EMAIL MESSAGE TO webmaster@fantasyisle.com 2.FILL IN THE SUBJECT LINE I.E: REAL ESTATE, VACATION, ETC.

95. Ancestors Born in England, Paul Crooks traces his roots to jamaica and Africa.Category Regional Caribbean jamaica Society and Culture Genealogy...... Attendants at Public Records Office, London; Colindale Library, London; FamilyHistory Centre, London; Spanish Town Archivists, jamaica; Royal Geographical http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~prcrooks/

ANCESTORS: Tracing Family History The Crookses of Jamaica From Africa to the Americas to Britain in 200 Years The Family Tree The Cousin's Cove Sugar Plantation ANCESTORS Paul Crooks Book of the year: ANCESTORS - choosen by Bonnie Greer - The Guardian Available in the UK and USA Born in London England, Paul Crooks ofte n wondered, as a child, whether it was possible to trace his African ancestors. The thought of raiding archives, with no guarantee of success, was daunting. Yet it surprised him to find that the British Colonial Office kept good records of those who inhabited the British West Indies. When he began se arching, he set himself the task of finding the first African in his lineage to carry the family name, Crooks. From documents in archives and repositories in London and Jamaica he found a great-great-great-grandfather (John Alexander Crooks). He also found a great-great-great-great-grandmother (Ami Djaba). He discovered both were born in Africa over 200 years ago but laboured on a Jamaican sugar plantation in the Parish of Hanover at place called Cousins Cove. Paul also discovered that his Ancestors lived at a time when slaves in a normally sedate Jamaican parish erupted into civil unrest. It became known as the Baptist War, and it precipitated the ending of slavery in the British West Indies. When it was over, John Alexander Crooks uprooted his family and headed for the country and high up into hills - like so many of his generation - to begin a new life.

96. History Of Life Of Jamaica history of Life of jamaica Limited. Any The two most significant acquisitionsin the history of Life of jamaica occurred in 1980. These http://www.life-of-ja.com/company/aboutlojCorporate.htm

Home Services Products Chat ... Message Board History of Life of Jamaica Limited A ny history of Life of Jamaica must return to the point where the mantle of British rule was thrown off and Jamaican stood forth as a free nation. Independence, on August 6, 1962, brought a sense of urgency, purpose and challenge. The spirit of nationalism was an everywhere-political, economic and cultural sphere. The 1960s saw a Jamaican Miss World, Marcus Garvey as the first National Hero, the establishment of Air Jamaica as the national airline and a number of breakthroughs in business, education and the arts. The process of change, spearheaded by the Government of Sir Alexander Bustamante, was underway. All over the country, people felt the urge to develop new projects, to explore new ideas, to accomplish new missions. In this atmosphere, the idea of establishing a locally controlled life insurance company took root in the minds of six enterprising young Jamaicans: Danny Williams, Adrian Foreman, Manley McAdam, Donald Davidson, Herbert Hall and Peter Rousseau. Already a successful team working with the 54-year-old branch of North American Life Assurance Company of Canada (NALACO), the group became obsessed with the desire to set up a local life insurance company on the NALACO base.

97. About Jamaica : Bob Marley School For The Arts Institute The jamaica Pages from Fortune City. jamaica's history, geography,;emblems, sports, travel, tourism, pictures, people, and music. http://www.bobartsinstitute.edu/Jamaica.htm

Welcome to Jamaica Mirror courtesy "ReggaeFusion - The Encyclopedia of Jamaica's Music Industry" Jamaica, the birthplace of reggae and the late Bob Marley, is an enchanting island with rugged Blue Mountains, a lush semi-tropical interior, rich in exotic flora and fauna with rivers that lead to hundreds of silver sand beaches. In this tropical paradise, the 'Isle of Springs', visitors are easily seduced by its greenery, tranquil mountain ranges, beautiful white-sand beaches and its crystal-clear blue seas. Climate Jamaica's average daytime temperature is 75 degrees in winter, 80 degrees in summer. Year-round, temperatures are usually 5 to 10 degrees cooler in the mountains. Typically sunny year-round. Rainy in May, June, September and October. Geography Jamaica is the third largest Caribbean island, measuring 146 miles at its widest point. Primarily of volcanic origin, the lush island features a mountain ridge that peaks at the Blue Mountains (7,402 feet). Many white-sand beaches and crystal-clear seas surround the island. Located 90 miles south of Cuba, this awesome tropical island offers tourists a wide variety of activities.

98. Jamaica - Jamaicans.com Has Everything You Need To Know About Jamaica And Jamaic Comprehensive guide to jamaica covering the island's history, culture, recipes, music, photos and tourist destinations. http://www.jamaicans.com/

Bulletin Boards Find an Old Friend Free Email Shopping ... Calendar of Events Join the daily discussions now on our Jamaica bulletin boards French Spanish CHANNELS Travel Guide Hotel Guide, Trip Reports, Attractions Jamaican Recipes Typical meals, Traditional recipes Destination Guide Jamaican Culture Folk Songs, Anancy Stories, Jamaican phrases Speak Jamaican Glossary, Sound Clips, Learning Patois Jamaica Overview Jamaican Music Reggae Timeline, Artists, Sound clips Photo Gallery Jamaica photos, Scenes Jamaica Primetime Featured Articles, People to Watch, Opinions, Tidbits Jamaicans Overseas Jamaicans Abroad, Overview, City Guides

99. The History Of Jamaica The Arawaks. The first people the Columbus saw when arrived in Jamaicawere a brownskinned people called the Arawaks. Fishermen http://members.tripod.com/~Livi_d/history/history.htm

This magazine is updated every weekend The Maroons Cudjoe The Arawaks The first people the Columbus saw when arrived in Jamaica were a brown-skinned people called the Arawaks. Fishermen in their canoes, cultivators clearing land, boys snaring birds, all gazed with wonder at the strange ships whose great square sails resembled the wings of some enormous bird. Also watching was the grave and stately cacique, whose crown of green, white, and red stones, and whose feathered cape, showed him to be their leader. Those people were of middle height, plump in build, and had straight black hair which they usually wore long, and decorated with parrot feathers. Their foreheads were flat and sloping, for like the Maya, mothers bound their babies' heads between two boards in order to create this shape, which they found beautiful. All wondered about the tall, fair-skinned strangers, curious to know who they were, and what they wanted from the inhabitants of these tiny tropical islands. For over fourteen hundred years the Indians had inhabited the mountainous and fertile islands of the Caribbean. At about the time of Jesus' birth they had left their original homes in

100. Scout Association Of Jamaica Official site, includes program information, contacts, and history. http://jascouts.tripod.com

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