41. CyberSpace Search! http//www.asemangasht.com; Books Compare Prices for iran history of iranhistory of - Compare book prices at Nextag for thousands of stores. http://www.cyberspace.com/cgi-bin/cs_search.cgi?Terms=history iran

42. Arash.com History of Iran (political). This Division. iran history a research byUniversity of Cambridge; iran history by Peter Avery Iranology prof. http://www.arash.com/arash/iran/history/

Home About Arash Iran Web related ... Links Information about country of Iran (Persia) History of Iran (political) This section will be updated as I collect more information about each era in Iran's political history. This section is not complete, but since I've been getting many requests to put this section up, I decided to publish it now and update it as I continue my research. Early tribes forming Old time 9000 - 2000 B.C. Beginning of civilization in Mesopotamia and west of Iran Confederation of tribes Before Aryan 2320 - 1032 B.C. Native tribes and dynesties of Iran and Mesopotamia Area Aryan migration to Iran 1400 - 600 B.C. Mâd (Medes) 708 - 549 B.C. Dîûkes (Deiokes) Ejdehâk (Astyages) United kingdom Hakhâmaneshî (Achamenides) 549 - 330 B.C. Kûrosh (Cyrus) Dâryûsh (Darius) III Kingdom War with Eskandar e Maghdûnî (Alexander from Mecadonia) 334 - 323 B.C. Solûkîan (Selucid) 312 - 256 B.C. Sûlûkûs (Selecus) Ântîâkûs (Antiocus) III Uprising of Pârt-hâ against Solûkîan (Parthians against Selucid) 256 - 250 B.C. Ashkânîân - Pârt-hâ (Arsacids - Parthians) 250 B.C. - 220 A.D.

43. Iran Between Two Revolutions Ervand Abrahamian Asian / Middle Eastern History Pe Iran Between Two Revolutions Ervand Abrahamian Asian / Middle Easternhistory Persian Empire iran history (Asia). Iran Between Two http://www.books-2buy.co.uk/Ervand-Abrahamian-Iran-Between-Two-Revoluti-06911013

Iran Between Two Revolutions Ervand Abrahamian Asian / Middle Eastern history Persian Empire Iran History (Asia) Subject: Asian / Middle Eastern history Persian Empire Iran History (Asia) Title: Iran Between Two Revolutions Author: Ervand Abrahamian Selma E Herr Learning Activiti... Karl J Smith Mathematics for B... John Olson Administration of H... Michael A Horvat Physical Educ... ... Obermeier Siegfried Don Juan ...

44. Www.ed.ac.uk/~bhm/iran-history.html Similar pages iran historyHistory Early History to the Zand Dynasty Iran has a long and rich history. Fora detailed description of the Persian Empire, see Persia . iran history. http://www.ed.ac.uk/~bhm/iran-history.html

45. I.T.A. Iran History History of Iran started in 7th BC century by migration of Aryans who caused thecreation of Medes dynasty that formed the first civilization in the world. http://www.irantkd.org/iranhistory.htm

Martial arts have an immemorial background in Iranian history. History of Iran started in 7th B.C century by migration of Aryans who caused the creation of Medes Dynasty that formed the first civilization in the world. Thereafter Medes divided into several areas so that in 600 B.C the great Korus, founder of Iran's kingship, capture Baboul and Ashora in a war and founded Achaemenian dynasty. After him, the great Daryus who was a powerful king got the sovereign of Iran and tried to expand the boarder of Iran. He moved forward the boarders to Sibery in north, China in east, Egypt in west and Persian Golf States in south. In that periods, due to existing permanent competition between Iran and Rome, both empires equipped themselves to different weapons as well as finding the best possible milirary arrangement against each other. Daryus was the first king who created a great academy for teaching martial arts to military officers with the intention of educating them techniques of fighting. This academy was directly managed under supervision of imperial court and the officers were classically trained fighting techniques and different types of weapons as well as teaching duel techniques. Teaching method of the great Daryus in fightng was remained as a pattern for the latter dynasty especially the Arsacides. The Arsacides developed these clubs as well as establishing in any under controlled countries. For this reason the said dynasty (250 B.C to 224 A.D) had no permanent army and just collect their solders from these centers for fighting. The latter dynasty was the Sassanide that governed in Iran during 3 to 7 A.D. centuries. They were in a very classic manner in respect of military techniques and martial arts in comparison with the former dynasties.

46. Innovative Library /All Locations Iran Great Britain Foreign Relations, c1979, 1. iran history, 6. iran history19th Century, 1965, 1. iran history 1905 1911, c1989, 1. iran history 1909,3. http://www.iii.com:90/kids/10,862/search/dIran -- History -- 1905-1911/diran his

47. World History Archives: History Of Iran History of Iran. Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not theauthor of the documents in World History Archives and does not http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/index-m.html

History of Iran Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of West Asia in general Retrospective history Imperialism and Struggle in Iran By Ali Azad, in Workers World. Overview of Iranian history since 1953. Labor Iranian Oil-Workers Arrested From the Committee for the Defence and Support of the Iranian Oil Workers. 16 February, 1997. Iranian Oil Workers Strike After Arrests? In ICEM Update, No. 9/1997. 17 February, 1997. Oil workers struck on 16 February, and the government has now outlawed all oil-workers organization and refuses to enter into collective bargaining. Workers demand higher wages In ICFTU On Line, 12 September, 1997. Industrial workers protest over wages. The only legal channels for discussion is through guilds and Islamic work-based councils, which are directly controlled by the government. The Oil worker strikes of last December and these suggest there is movement in Iran toward independent labor organization. Politics Shi'a religious leaders as victims of human rights violations From Amnesty International. 3 JUNE, 1997.

48. Iran, History, Land And People,Oil, Iran, Iranian, History, Land A general overview of events and people in the region now part of iran from the time of the Aryans Category Regional Middle East iran Society and Culture history......iran, history, Land and People, The Aryans. About 6,500 Years ago, successive iran,history, Glory Days by picture. To read article in Parsi http://www.sanibrite.ca/iran/

Iran, History, Land and People The Aryans About 6,500 Years ago, successive waves of people were migrating into a land which is now called Iran and northern Iraq. They called themselves the black-headed (dark- haired) people. We know them as the Aryan/Sumerian, ancestors of Iranians and the land in which they settled as the land of Sumer (Iran Plateau) The Aryans/Sumerians established the first recognizable civilization with a workable system of government. Their other achievements include the invention of WHEELED VEHICLES and the use of written language. The ancient Iranians developed the scientific practice of agriculture; on the arts side, a distinctive style of architecture and a complex religion which is reflected in their literature. Summer lasted well over 1,000 years before it fell to Semite warrior people from the north, the AKKADIANS, and even then Sumerian culture continued to dominate the new empire. Many legends surround the person of the Akkadian leader, Sargon I (2637-2582 BC.). He was once cup-bearer to the king of Kish. The legend goes that he was found as a baby floating on the river in a basket made of reeds. AKKAD TAKES OVER ARYANS About 1,000 years after civilization began in Sailk and Sumer Saragon of Akkad conquered the Sumerians various states and founded the Akkadian empire which lasted for about 200 years (2371-2159 BC.). Sargon's first triumph was to make himself king of the city of Akkad. The city of Kish was added to his domain. Later, he conquered many other cities and stretched his kingdom chain to reach as far as Nipour.

49. Iran - A Brief History iran A Brief history From Pre-Achaemenid to World War I iran's history as a nation of people speaking an Indo-European language did not begin until the middle of the second millennium B.C. http://www.tamasha.com/information/Iran_General_Information/History.htm

IRAN - A Brief History From Pre-Achaemenid to World War I Pre-Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire Alexander the Great The Parthians ... World War I Pre-Achaemenid Iran Iran's history as a nation of people speaking an Indo-European language did not begin until the middle of the second millennium B.C. Before then, Iran was occupied by peoples with a variety of cultures. There are numerous artifacts attesting to settled agriculture, permanent sun-dried- brick dwellings, and pottery-making from the sixth millennium B.C. The most advanced area technologically was ancient Susiana, present-day Khuzestan Province. By the fourth millennium, the inhabitants of Susiana, the Elamites, were using semipictographic writing, probably learned from the highly advanced civilization of Sumer in Mesopotamia (ancient name for much of the area now known as Iraq), to the west. Sumerian influence in art, literature, and religion also became particularly strong when the Elamites were occupied by, or at least came under the domination of, two Mesopotamian cultures, those of Akkad and Ur, during the middle of the third millennium. By 2000 B.C. the Elamites had become sufficiently unified to destroy the city of Ur. Elamite civilization developed rapidly from that point, and, by the fourteenth century B.C., its art was at its most impressive. Back to Top Immigration of the Medes and the Persians Small groups of nomadic, horse-riding peoples speaking Indo-European languages began moving into the Iranian cultural area from Central Asia near the end of the second millennium B.C. Population pressures, overgrazing in their home area, and hostile neighbors may have prompted these migrations. Some of the groups settled in eastern Iran, but others, those who were to leave significant historical records, pushed farther west toward the Zagros Mountains.

50. Iransaga - Persia Or Iran, A Brief History This section of iransaga provides an insight into Persian history pretwentieth century.Category Regional Middle East iran Society and Culture history...... The following chapters provide a brief insight into the history of iran prior tothe 20 th Century Persian history. 1. iran before the iranians. 2. The Medes. http://www.art-arena.com/history.html

Persia or Iran A Brief History Pre-Twentieth Century "History is a mirror of the past And a lesson for the present." (A Persian Proverb) The country has always been known to its own people as Iran (land of the Aryans), although for centuries it was referred to as Persia (Pars or Fars, a province in southern Iran) by the Europeans, mainly due to the writings of Greek historians. In 1935 the Government specified that it should be called Iran; however, in 1949 they allowed both names to be used. Most people today, know Persia or Iran through its carpets, its caviar, its costly war with its neighbour Iraq, or through its importance as one of the world's major oil-producing nations. Yet, Persia has one of the richest and oldest cultures in the world. For more than three thousand years Persia was a melting pot of civilizations and demographic movements between Asia and Europe. Under Cyrus the Great, it became the centre of the world's first empire. Successive invasions by the Greeks, Arabs, Mongols and Turks developed the nation's culture through rich and diverse philosophical, artistic, scientific and religious influences. Persia's first vigorous growth began in the Neolithic era, and by the third millennium B.C. it had developed into a civilization of great sophistication. The infiltration of the Aryan peoples into Iran during the second millennium B.C. paved that way for the Achaemenian dynasty, whose achievements were gloriously represented in the great palaces of

51. Iran, Iranian, History, Land, And People, Rebirth, Incarnation, iran's odyssey through history, from Cyrus to Khomeini, with its complex shiftingalliances and dubious loyalties, has been instrumental in shaping and http://www.sanibrite.ca/iran/iran.asp

52. Timeline Of Iranian HIstory (8000BCEpresent) Highlights of iranian (Persian) history.Category Society history Timelines......From Ancient Persia to Contemporary iran covers the highlights of iran's historyin a brief, easy to read, factually acurate and inexpensive timeline. http://www.mage.com/TLbody.html

From Ancient Persia to Contemporary Iran covers the highlights of Iran's history in a brief, easy to read, factually acurate and inexpensive timeline. The full-color 11" x 5" brochure opens accordion-style to the size of 11" x 35." The highest quality paper and printing process have been used to make it a lovely gift for all occasions and a wonderful way to introduce someone to the history and cultural heritage of Iran. (This publication focuses on the history of Iran and does not address contemporary events.) The periods covered are: Predynastic Era 8000 BC The Agricultural Revolution made possible permanent settlements and the creation of complex civilizations. The Iranian plateau became the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations in history. 5000 BC The Haji Firuz Tepe Wine Jar, discovered in Iran, is the oldest archaeological finding of wine-making in the world. 3900 BC Sialk (near Kashan), the first city on the Iranian plateau, was built. 1500-800 BC The Persians and the Medes, two groups of Aryan nomads, migrated to the Iranian plateau from central Asia. 1000 BC The Prophet Zoroaster was one of the first prophets to introduce the concepts of: monotheism, duality of good and evil, mankind's free choice between the two alternatives, messianic redemption, resurrection, final judgement, heaven (the word "paradise" comes from Old Persian), hell and the notion of an almighty, kind, loving and forgiving God. He believed man's salvation in life and in the afterlife could only be ensured through Good Thoughts, Good Words and Good Deeds. Many of these concepts had a profound influence on Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Persians adopted Zoroastrianism at a time when Greeks and, later, Romans still practiced polytheistic religions. (There is some dispute concerning Zoroaster's exact period.)

53. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Iran | History that Persian history was documented. The Achaemenian Dynasty is recognised as thefounder of the Persian Empire, leading to the eventual creation of iran. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/iran/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Iran History The first distinct people to emerge on the Iranian plateau were probably the Elamites, who established a city at Shush in the far south-west. The Aryans came to the region in the second millennium BC, bringing with them some agricultural and domestic skills. It wasn't until the middle of the 6th century BC, when the Achaemenian king Cyrus the Great ruled the region, that Persian history was documented. The Achaemenian Dynasty is recognised as the founder of the Persian Empire, leading to the eventual creation of Iran. In the 4th century BC Alexander the Great invaded Persia after conquering most of Greece, Egypt, Turkey and Iraq. Despite three conciliatory offers from Darius III for a negotiated peace, Alexander entered Shush. From there, he took some time to cross the mountains to the east, but eventually entered Persepolis. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, the empire was divided into three squabbling dynasties, with Persia controlled by the Macedonian Seleucids. But the Seleucids had problems controlling the numerous feisty ethnic minorities, in particular the nomadic Parthians who came to control most of Persia until the 3rd century AD. The Sassanians came from the central regions of Persia not under direct control of the Parthians. They were an industrious Zoroastrian gang who promoted urban development and encouraged trade, but who eventually set to squabbling and were overrun by the Arabs in 637. The Arabs ruled until 1050, converting most of the population to Islam and introducing the new Persian script and Islamic culture. They were brought down by a Turkish dynasty, which captured Esfahan in 1051. Despite numerous rebellions, the Turks hung onto power until they were swept clean away by Genghis Khan's rampaging Mongols in the early 13th century. When the Mongols ran out of leaders in the late 14th century, the Timurid Dynasty filled the breach, but was then pressured by Turkmen tribes, Ottoman Turks and European colonialists such as Portugal.

54. Iran, Iranian, History, Land, And People, Rebirth, Incarnation, This page is dedicated to all iranians and lovers of iran who would never consent to the decay of their Motherland The site focuses on iran or iranian petition, iranian views, messages that are reflected to iranian Human Rights, stoning, flagging http://www.sanibrite.ca/iran/iran.html

This site has been changed from sanibrite.ca/iran/iran.html to sanibrite.ca/iran/iran.asp you will be redirected please change in your records

55. Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) A short history and military analysis of the war by the Federation of American Scientists. http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/iran-iraq.htm

FAS Military Analysis DOD 101 US Ops ... Join FAS Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) The Iran-Iraq War was multifaceted and included religious schisms, border disputes, and political differences. Conflicts contributing to the outbreak of hostilities ranged from centuries-old Sunni-versus-Shia and Arab-versus-Persian religious and ethnic disputes, to a personal animosity between Saddam Hussein and Ayatollah Khomeini. Above all, Iraq launched the war in an effort to consolidate its rising power in the Arab world and to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Phebe Marr, a noted analyst of Iraqi affairs, stated that "the war was more immediately the result of poor political judgement and miscalculation on the part of Saddam Hussein," and "the decision to invade, taken at a moment of Iranian weakness, was Saddam's". Iraq and Iran had engaged in border clashes for many years and had revived the dormant Shatt al Arab waterway dispute in 1979. Iraq claimed the 200-kilometer channel up to the Iranian shore as its territory, while Iran insisted that the thalwega line running down the middle of the waterwaynegotiated last in 1975, was the official border. The Iraqis, especially the Baath leadership, regarded the 1975 treaty as merely a truce, not a definitive settlement. The Iraqis also perceived revolutionary Iran's Islamic agenda as threatening to their pan-Arabism. Khomeini, bitter over his expulsion from Iraq in 1977 after fifteen years in An Najaf, vowed to avenge Shia victims of Baathist repression. Baghdad became more confident, however, as it watched the once invincible Imperial Iranian Army disintegrate, as most of its highest ranking officers were executed. In Khuzestan (Arabistan to the Iraqis), Iraqi intelligence officers incited riots over labor disputes, and in the Kurdish region, a new rebellion caused the Khomeini government severe troubles.

56. Churches Of Iran - History, Architecture And Pictures By Churches of iran history, Architecture and Pictures by Gholamhosayn Arab,a famous iranian Photographer - Published by Rasaneh Kaj, Esfahan iran. http://www.farsinet.com/iranchurches/

Churches of Iran - Cover Page History and Architecture of Churches of Iran - Cover Page Go To Page: [ Cover Related Links: [ History of Christians in Iran Directory of Iranian Churches Please send your questions, comments and suggestions to iranchurches@farsinet.com Webpage Created, Managed and Hosted by FarsiNet Easter eCards What's New? News ... ZanAmu

57. Chronology Of Persian History - History Of Iran - History Of Persia - Iran In Th iran in the Bible history of Persia and Persian Kings according to the Bible.Wise Men of the East, also called Magi, or Three Kings of the Orient. http://www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/chronolg.html

What the Bible Says About Persia Persians in the Bible Persia and the Bible Persian Kings in the Bible ... Magi (Majusian) Wisemen from East seeking Jesus King Darius orders Daniel to the Den of Lions King Cyrus - A Just Ruler King Cyrus allows Jews to return to Israel King Cyrus is called by God to serve Him ... God's Plan for Iran Iranian Christian Church of San Jose History of the Christians in Iran Churches of Iran Related Links Translate this page Chronology of Persian History - History of Persia Prophet Zoroaster 688-551 B.C. (Some sources put the date back to 2200 B.C.) The ACHAEMENIAN DYNASTY 559-330 B.C. Death of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenians 530 B.C. Rule of Darius, the second great Achaemenian ruler 522-486 B.C. Xerxes, the king 486-465 B.C. Alexander, the Macedonian, conquers Persia 330 B.C. THE SELEUCID DYNASTY 312-247 B.C. THE PARTHIAN DYNASTY 247 B.C.-A.D. 226 THE SASSANID DYNASTY Rule of Ardeshir , the founder of the Sassanids Death of the Sassanid king Shapur 1 Death of the prophet Mani, the founder of Manichaesim Mazdakism End of 5th and 6th c.

58. Wc1958-7s A map of the iranIraq war produced by the US Military Academy. http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/dhistorymaps/WC1958Pages/wc19581-7s.htm

Click on map for larger view Return to Wars and Conflicts Since 1958

59. MapZones.com History iran, history, Back to Top. Arab Muslim armies began their conquestof the Persian Sassanian Empire in ad 636 and during the next five http://www.mapzones.com/world/middle_east/iran/historyindex.php

Country Info Iran Introduction Iran General Data Iran Maps Iran Culture ... Iran Time and Date Iran History Back to Top Arab Muslim armies began their conquest of the Persian Sassanian Empire in ad 636 and during the next five years conquered all of Iran, with the exception of the Elburz Mountains and the Caspian coastal plain. They finally put an end to the Sassanid dynasty in 651. For the next two centuries, most of Iran (which at that time extended beyond Herat in what now is western Afghanistan) remained part of the Arab Islamic empire. The caliphs (successive Islamic leaders) ruled initially from Medina in present-day Saudi Arabia, then from Damascus, Syria, and finally from Baghdad, Iraq, as each city became the seat of the caliphate. Beginning in the late 9th century, however, independent kingdoms arose in eastern Iran; by the mid-11th century, the Arab caliph in Baghdad had lost effective control of virtually all of Iran, although most of the local dynasties continued to recognize his religious authority. The 270 members of the unicameral legislature—the Majles, or the Islamic Consultative Assembly—are elected for four-year terms; recognized minorities have token representation. The Majles enacts all legislation and is empowered to impeach the president with a two-thirds majority vote. A 12-member Council of Guardians supervises elections and determines the constitutionality of all laws passed by the Majles, as well as their conformity to Islamic principles; six theologians are appointed by the faqih, and six other Islamic jurists are nominated by the High Council of the Judiciary and approved by the Majles. The Committee to Determine the Expediency of the Islamic Order, made up of jurists from the Council of Guardians and selected government officials, resolves disputes between the council and the Majles. The National Security Council oversees the country's policies on defense and security.

60. Bashiri Working Papers On Central Asia And Iran Includes several articles and photos about the history, culture and art of iran. Both original and translated works. http://www.iles.umn.edu/faculty/bashiri/title.html

Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran Prepared by Professor Iraj Bashiri e-mail: bashi001@umn.edu web: bashiris.com Central Asia Iran Tajikistan Update ... Tajikistan in the 20th Century Introductory Note: The cultures of Central Asia and Iran share a number of remarkable features. They are Islamic, albeit Sunnite and Shi'ite, and they enjoy a common cosmology and mythology. Additionally, they share the same early history. Indeed, until the rise of the Western Turks and the subsequent coming of the Turks and Mongols to Central Asia, the primary population of the region was Iranian. As descendants of the earlier Indo-European peoples, they followed the teachings of Zoroaster and worshiped his God, Ahura Mazda. From the foregoing, we can conclude that any social, political, or ideological study of the early history of this region must take this common heritage into consideration. To respect the shared values of the Iranian and the Central Asian peoples, therefore, the following arrangement is adhered to. The more recent events appear under "Central Asia" and "Iran" respectively. The ancient and medieval issues that cannot be logically divided appear under "Central Asia and Iran." This web page covers a vast area from Africa to India and from Kazakhstan to the Persian Gulf. It also

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