21. U.S. Surveillance Laws information and records obtained under this section only as provided in guidelinesapproved by the Attorney General for foreign intelligence collection and http://www.tscm.com/USC18_121.html

UNITED STATES CODE TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 121 - STORED WIRE AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSACTIONAL RECORDS ACCESS (a) Duty to Provide. - A wire or electronic communication service provider shall comply with a request for subscriber information and toll billing records information, or electronic communication transactional records in its custody or possession made by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation under subsection (b) of this section. (b) Required Certification. - The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or his designee in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director, may - (1) request the name, address, length of service, and toll billing records of a person or entity if the Director (or his designee in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director) certifies in writing to the wire or electronic communication service provider to which the request is made that - (A) the name, address, length of service, and toll billing records sought are relevant to an authorized foreign counterintelligence investigation; and (B) there are specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe that the person or entity to whom the information sought pertains is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power as defined in section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 ); and

22. FISA (PL 105-511) Summary FISA foreign intelligence Surveillance Act. PL 95511 (S.1566). Public Law95-511 (10/25/78) SPONSOR Sen Kennedy (introduced 5/18/77) SUMMARY http://www.loyola.edu/dept/politics/intel/FISA-Summary.html

FISA: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act PL 95-511 (S.1566) Public Law: 95-511 (10/25/78) SPONSOR: Sen Kennedy (introduced 5/18/77) SUMMARY: (REVISED AS OF 10/05/78 Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 95-1720) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act - Title I: Electronic Surveillance within the United States for Foreign Intelligence Purposes - Permits the President, acting through the Attorney General, to authorize electronic surveillances for foreign intelligence purposes without a court order in certain circumstances. Requires the Attorney General: (1) to certify that the minimization procedures governing these surveillances meet certain standards; and (2) to forward such procedures to the House and Senate intelligence committees at least 30 days prior to their going into effect. Provides for the Attorney General to direct a specified common carrier to render assistance. Directs the Attorney General to transmit a copy of the certification for electronic surveillance to the appropriate court where it is to be maintained under security measures and remain seal, except in certain circumstances. Requires the Chief Justice of the United States to designate seven district court judges, who shall constitute a special court, each of whom shall have jurisdiction to hear applications for and grant orders approving electronic surveillance anywhere within the United States. Requires the Chief Justice to designate three Federal judges to comprise a special court of appeals which shall have jurisdiction to hear an appeal by the United States from the denial of any application. Grants the United States a further right to appeal an affirmance of denial to the Supreme Court. Provides that such judges shall serve for a maximum of seven years and shall not be eligible for redesignation.

23. Attorney General Guidelines For FBI Foreign Intelligence Collection And Foreign FBI foreign intelligence COLLECTION. SECRET. ATTORNEY GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR FBIforeign intelligence COLLECTION AND FOREIGN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE INVESTIGATIONS. http://cryptome.org/fbi-fic-fci.htm

12 March 2000.Thanks to Jeffrey Richelson and Michael Evans. Source: Hardcopy from the National Security Archives This is one of three related documents on regulation of US intelligence agency surveillance and investigation of U.S. persons. The other two: NSA: "United States Signal Intelligence Directive (USSID) 18:" http://cryptome.org/nsa-ussid18.htm "DoD 5240.1-R, Procedures Governing the Activities of DoD Intelligence Components That Affect United States Persons:" http://cryptome.org/dod5240-1-r.htm See related National Security Agency report to Congress on "Legal Standards for the Intelligence Community in Conducting Electronic Surveillance:" http://www.fas.org/irp/nsa/standards.html See Jeffrey Richelson's report in the March issue of Bulletin of Atomic Scientists http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/2000/ma00/ma00richelson.html Overstruck text indicates declassification. [34 pages] ATTORNEY GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR FBI FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION AND FOREIGN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE INVESTIGATIONS EFFECTIVE: APRIL 18, 1983

24. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act -- Legal Bibliography From Mike Yared mike_yared@hotmail.com To intelforum@his.com Subject ForeignIntelligence Surveillance Act (Biblio) Date Thu, 18 Jan 2001 145543 http://cryptome.org/fisa-biblio.htm

19 January 2001. FISA is the principal US law that covers electronic surveillance, physical searches and other covert activities. It is overseen by the FISA court, all of whose proceedings are held in secret. Targets of FISA activities and proceedings are denied full US Constitutional protection and privileges. To: intelforum@his.com Subject: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (Biblio) Date: Thu, 18 Jan 2001 14:55:43 -0500 Law review articles on the FISA are: United States. Pub. L. 95-511, Oct. 25, 1978; 92 Stat. 1783; 50 U.S.C. (sections) 1801-1811. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. Birkenstock, Gregory E. "The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and standards of probable cause: an alternative analysis." 80 Georgetown Law Journal 843-871 (February 1992). Chiarella, Louis A. and Michael A. Newton. "'So Judge, how do I get that FISA warrant?': the policy and procedure for conducting electronic surveillance." Army Lawyer 25-36 (October 1997). Cinquegrana, Americo R. "The walls (and wires) have ears: The background and first ten years of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978." 137 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 793-828 (January 1989).

25. KNOWN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE WARNINGS OF 9/11 KNOWN foreign intelligence WARNINGS OF 9/11 Other Sections of theTimeline The Complete Timeline (excluding Day of 9/11) warning http://www.unansweredquestions.org/timeline/foreignwarnings.html

26. Engine Of Immortality - Canadian Newspapers From 1752 Until Today foreign intelligence. Venice, Octo. www.historybuff.com/library/reffirstten.html.foreign intelligence includes pointers to many different information sources. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/halifaxgazette/h28-120-e.html

Foreign Intelligence Venice, Octo. 7. They write from Constantinople, That the Inhabitants who retired into the Country to avoid the Plague, are far from being secure, as the Air is infected for twenty Leagues round. From the Halifax Gazette , March 23, 1752, p. 1 Other valuable information on the Halifax Gazette and the history of the first printing press in Canada may be found on the following sites: The Oldest Newspaper in Canada A compendium of articles on the first Nova Scotia newspapers, which includes, at the bottom of the page, an article on the Halifax Gazette . The article explains the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625/news01.html Significant Historical Happenings: 1752 Peter Landry's site sets the historical context for the printing of the Halifax Gazette http://blupete.com/Hist/Dates/1752.htm Print Culture in the Maritimes An excellent historical guide to early print sources. It was prepared as part of the celebration of Canada's print culture by Patricia Belier, Gwendolyn Davies, Bertrum H. MacDonald, Karen Smith, and Eric Swanick, in May 1997 (revised August 1997) and is accompanied by a bibliography. www.library.utoronto.ca/hbic/marit.htm

27. National Foreign Intelligence Program The National foreign intelligence Program. Environmental Crimes ViolentCrimes Major Offenders Program National foreign intelligence Program. http://baltimore.fbi.gov/nfip.htm

The National Foreign Intelligence Program Important responsibilities of the FBI's Baltimore Division are foreign counterintelligence and counter terrorism within the United States, economic espionage, and the ANSIR (Awareness of National Security Issues and Response) Program. Special Agents working these programs strive to detect and thwart the intelligence collection activities of foreign powers and their agents, and take aggressive measures to reduce the vulnerabilities of the United States to terrorism. Detection and Neutralization of Espionage The detection and neutralization of espionage is a principal responsibility of the FBI. The FBI's effort to detect and neutralize acts of espionage is dependent upon a robust and multifaceted counterintelligence effort, which includes information provided by the public sector. Counterterrorism The FBI is responsible for countering and investigating terrorist acts inside the United States and against U.S. interests abroad. The FBI defines terrorism as, "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segments thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." Economic Espionage The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 made espionage a federal felony punishable by 15 years imprisonment for anyone who delivers or steals a trade secret on behalf of a foreign power. A second felony was created by the statute that makes the commercial theft of trade secrets in cases not involving foreign powers a criminal act. Under the statute, a trade secret can be defined as reasonably protected proprietary information that has independent value to its rightful possessor.

28. National Archives Of Australia - The Collection - Security And Intelligence - Fo foreign intelligence. In the late 1940s, a special operations organisationwas established within the Department of Defence. In 1952 http://www.naa.gov.au/the_collection/security/foreign_intelligence.html

Foreign Intelligence In the late 1940s, a special operations organisation was established within the Department of Defence. In 1952 this became the Australian Secret Service. This organisation was transferred from the Department of Defence to the Department of External Affairs in 1954, and became the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS). Although there is a public right of access to ASIS records after 30 years, like ASIO, ASIS generally only transfers records to the National Archives in response to requests from researchers. Few ASIS records are available for public access. All are held by the National Archives in Canberra, and most consist of innocuous items of correspondence or press clippings. These include – Australian Secret Service - Records on Indonesia Australian Secret Service - Transfer from the Department of Defence to the Department of External Affairs Australian Secret Service - Records on Singapore and Malaya Report to the Minister for External Affairs by Brigadier Dudley W Clarke on the use of propaganda, economic warfare, infiltration of agents and other covert action to counter communist subversion in South East Asia ; and Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) - Records on Formosa (Taiwan) and the Chinese Nationalist offshore islands (Quemoy, Matsu)

29. Warning; Foreign Intelligence Using Internet 2, No. 344. Warning; Internet Used by foreign intelligence Operatives By CL Staten,Senior Analyst (ENN) Chicago, IL According to reports from the Defense http://www.emergency.com/net-warn.htm

Excerpted from the ENN Daily Report - 12/09/06 - Vol. 2, No. 344 Warning; Internet Used by Foreign Intelligence Operatives By: C. L. Staten, Senior Analyst (ENN) Chicago, IL According to reports from the Defense Investigative Service, the Internet is one of the fastest growing areas of intelligence gathering by foreign governments and potential enemies of the United States and her allies. It is believed that foreign entities are making extensive use of the "net" in an attempt to both gather military and commercial information, as well as to spread disinformation. Particularly from Eastern European, Middle Eastern, and Far Eastern regions, numerous contacts have reportedly been made via the Internet to American defense contractors, software producers, and related industries...all asking for "proprietary or sensitive" information. Often these contacts suggest unsolicited offers to act as sales agents, consultants, or representatives in other countries. Others suggest that the writer is working for a "friendly" foreign government or military agency. Another ploy involves asking for product information, schematics, blueprints, or other proprietary information about the targeted companies or their products. Free samples of software and/or actual working models are also often requested.

30. KGB Organization Of The Committee For State Security - Russia / Soviet Intellige The foreign intelligence Role of the Committee for State Security. The SecondChief Directorate also played a role in foreign intelligence in 1989. http://www.ulfsbo.nu/kgb/kgb_8.html

Shareholders' Rights Program. Doing Business in "Wild East". Gazprom - Russia to sell gas shares overseas. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (Taxes). ... Concluding and Transitional Provisions GALLERY Chronology - President Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin. (2 pages) Who is Who HISTORY From the Pre-Petrine Period (year 860) to Present. Soviet Directory, an Introduction. Russia. October -93. Federal Commission on Securities and the Capital Market of the Russian Federation. ... ORGANIZATION a. Structure b. Functions and Internal Organization c. Party Control d. Personnel DOMESTIC SECURITY a. Legal Prerogatives b. Policy c. Special Departments in the Armed Forces FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE a. Organization b. Intelligence and Counterintelligence c. Active Measures d. Influence on Foreign Policy INTERNAL SECURITY TROOPS a. Border Troops b. Security Troops Vagit Alekperov Boris Berezovsky Vladimir Bogdanov ... Vladimir Vinogradov The Foreign Intelligence Role of the Committee for State Security. The KGB played an important role in furthering Soviet foreign policy objectives abroad. In addition to straightforward intelligence collection and counterintelligence, the KGB participated in the Kremlin's program of active measures. KGB officials also contributed to foreign policy decision making. Organization The First Chief Directorate of the KGB was responsible for KGB operations abroad. The longtime head of the First Chief Directorate, Vladimir Kriuchkov, who had served under Andropov and his successors, was named head of the KGB in 1988.

31. Pravda.RU Vladimir Putin's Statement Is Considered In The USA As A Very Emphatic 1155 RUSSIA'S foreign intelligence SERVICE KEEPS IN TOUCH WITH US SECRET SERVICESAfter the terrorist attack on the USA, Russia's foreign intelligence Service http://english.pravda.ru/accidents/2001/09/12/

Sep, 12 2001 Accidents Culture Diplomatic Economics ... About [an error occurred while processing this directive] Pravda.RU:Accidents WORK TO CUT OFF KURSK FIRST COMPARTMENT MIGHT END IN 24 HOURS According to expert estimates, 80% of the work to cut off the Kursk nuclear submarine's first compartment has been completed by now. Provided the cutting saw operates non-stop, the first compartment might be cut off within 24 hours, reported the North Fleet staff with reference to the information received from Vice Admiral Mikhail Motsak, the head of the special purpose expedition. More detail US AMBASSADOR TO RUSSIA: OSAMA BIN LADEN CAN STAND BEHIND US TRAGEDY US ambassador to Russia Alexander Vershbow does not rule out that international terrorist #1 Osama bin Laden can stand behind the series of terrorist acts which occurred in the USA on Tuesday. Mr Vershbow stressed that Osama bin Laden has already got blood on his hands. RUSSIA'S FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE KEEPS IN TOUCH WITH US SECRET SERVICES After the terrorist attack on the USA, Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service /FIS/ has kept in touch with the secret services of the United States and other countries, reported Tatiana Samolis, the press secretary to the FIS director. More detail RUSSIAN SENATOR CONVINCED OSAMA BIN LADEN STANDS BEHIND US TERROR ACTS The terror acts of last Tuesday are certain to have been committed by international terrorists led by Osama bin Laden. Deputy chairman of the Federation Council /upper house/ defense committee Vladimir Kulakov said as much adding he had no doubt about it.

32. Pravda.RU “BRIGADE GENERAL” CAPTURED AT NIGHT IN URUS-MARTAN WEARING JUST UNDE 1025 RUSSIAN DEFENSE MINISTER DISMISSES REPORTS ON foreign intelligence ABSORBINGMILITARY INTELLIGENCE Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov has bluntly http://english.pravda.ru/politics/2001/08/30/

Say what you want! PRAVDA.Ru will hear you! Aug, 30 2001 In Russian Em Portugues Former USSR Top Stories ... About Pravda.RU:Politics Venezuela's President To Pay Official Visit To Russia An official visit by the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, to Russia will take place on May 14 through 17. More details Government Okays Drastic Aviation Industry Reform At a sitting on Friday the Russian government took a decision to elaborate a set of measures for deep-going reform and development of the aviation industry. More details Berezovsky returns to Russia and to politics Famous businessman, who called himself a “political emigrant” recently, stated about his intention to return to Russia, and to become a head of a new opposition party. Boris Berezovsky made this statement in his interview for Washington Post. More details Chubais swaps television companies too often Anatoli Chubais who currently fills the post of CEO at Russia’s giant RAO UES utility monopoly, has made up his mind to sell the REN-TV television networks which he has apparently become sick of. Now he seems to be keen to acquire a “homeless” TNT television channel left on the ruins of the Most company instead, a well-informed source at the RAO UES administration reports. More details Russian Foreign Minister Meets In Helsinki With His Finnish Counterpart And Finnish President Russian foreign minister Igor Ivanov has arrived in Helsinki, the capital of Finland from the city of Joensuu located in the north-east of the country. In his flight the Russian foreign minister was accompanied by Finnish foreign minister Erkki Tuomioja.

33. UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY - WHAT WE DO IC Logo, National foreign intelligence Program, The DoD portion of the Nationalforeign intelligence Program (NFIP) primarily consists of two programs http://www.intelligence.gov/2-business_nfip.shtml

National Foreign Intelligence Program Current Affairs The Character of Intelligence The Business of Intelligence Planning and Direction ... Recommended Reading The National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP) includes a variety of national-level intelligence programs with budgets approved by the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) which are submitted to the President and Congress as a single consolidated program. The NFIP provides funding for those departments and agencies constituting the US Intelligence Community, as defined in Executive Order 12333. The Central Intelligence Agency Program (CIAP) is the primary NFIP program outside the DoD, which funds the activities of the CIA. The DoD portion of the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP) primarily consists of two programs: The Consolidated Cryptologic Program (CCP), overseen by the National Security Agency (NSA) funds NSA's national-level cryptologic (SIGINT and COMSEC) activities, along with the cryptologic components of the Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) and the Air Intelligence Agency (AIA), and the Naval Security Group Command.

34. CNN.com - The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court - August 23, 2002 The foreign intelligence Surveillance Court is a secret court that overseesspying in the United States. The foreign intelligence Surveillance Court. http://www.cnn.com/2002/LAW/08/23/inv.fisc.explainer/

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 dictionary The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court By Kelli Arena CNN Justice Correspondent WASHINGTON (CNN) The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court is a secret court that oversees spying in the United States. It was set up to oversee implementation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Judges on that court ruled that the Justice Department is misinterpreting its new powers under the U.S.A. Patriot Act that Congress passed last October. The court said the Justice Department's plan to allow prosecutors to become involved in intelligence investigations goes too far. The court also mandated that whenever an intelligence official wants to talk with a prosecutor, a Justice Department lawyer must participate to ensure nothing improper is said. LEGAL RESOURCES Latest Legal News Law Library FindLaw Consumer Center Select a topic Bankruptcy Discrimination Divorce Estate Planning Landlord-Tenant Personal Injury Taxes The Justice Department has appealed the decision, saying the U.S.A. Patriot Act allows for a freer flow of communication between the intelligence side and the law enforcement/prosecution side.

35. The Memory Hole > Members Of The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Of Revi Members of the foreign intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Created in 1978 by the foreign intelligence Surveillance Act http://www.thememoryhole.org/spy/fiscr-members.htm

Members of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act , the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court is a star chamber that secretly issues warrants for US agencies to electronically surveil or physically search parties thought to be engaged in terrorism. The court operates in complete secrecy. We don't even know the identities of the eleven judges who make up the FISC. The only publicly-available information it releases is the number of warrants it grants per year. To date it has received over 13,000 requests, and it has granted every single one of them. In a recent, unprecedented action, the Court declared that the "Justice Department's plan to allow prosecutors to become involved in intelligence investigations goes too far" [ CNN ]. (It also revealed that the FBI has lied to it in 75 cases.) Ashcroft has appealed this stinging rebuke, thereby invoking the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, whichas you might guessreviews the decisions of the FISC. The Review Court has never met before now, since no agency or department has had reason to object to the Court's rubberstamping ways. Although the judges on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court are a mystery, the three judges who comprise the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review have been revealed. In the

36. The Memory Hole > Members Of The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Members of the President's foreign intelligence Advisory Board Asof midAugust 2002, the President's foreign intelligence Advisory http://www.thememoryhole.org/spy/pfiab.htm

Members of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board is refusing to release the names of its members. Unfortunately for them, the White House released a list of members in October 2001. Here they are: Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft (Chairman) Cresencio S. Arcos of Florida Jim Barksdale of Mississippi Robert Addsion Day of California Stephen Friedman of New York Alfred Lerner of Ohio Ray Lee Hunt of Texas Rita E. Hauser of New York David E. Jeremiah of Virginia Arnold Lee Kanter of Virginia James Calhoun Langdon, Jr. of the District of Columbia Marie Elizabeth Pate-Cornell of California John Harrison Streicker of New York Peter Barton Wilson of California Phillip David Zelikow of Virginia Related article: "Who's On PFIAB-A Bush Secret...Or Not?" (updated version) by David Corn, The Nation Website , 14 Aug 2002.

37. JURIST - Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act - FISA foreign intelligence SURVEILLANCE ACT. JURIST LEGALNEWS foreign intelligence Surveillance Act. http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/issues/issue_fisa.htm

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT JURIST LEGAL NEWS >> Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

38. Report Foreign Intelligence Activities Reporting foreign intelligence Activity. You are required to reportthe following to your security or counterintelligence office http://rf-web.tamu.edu/security/SECGUIDE/S4self/Intel.htm

Reporting Foreign Intelligence Activity You are required to report the following to your security or counterintelligence office: Any effort by any individual, regardless of nationality , to obtain illegal or unauthorized access to classified information or to compromise you or any other cleared employee. In addition, all contacts by you or any other cleared employee with known or suspected intelligence officers from any country, or any contact which suggests that you or any other employee may be the target of the intelligence service of another country or other clandestine group shall be reported. Any other known, suspected, attempted, or planned activity that threatens U.S. national security. This includes unauthorized release of or access to any classified or otherwise sensitive information, intrusion into an automated information system containing classified or otherwise sensitive information, or information relating to terrorism, sabotage, subversion, or illegal diversion of U.S. technology to a foreign country. Knowledge of any activity by a foreign country or organization that suggests that country or organization may have unauthorized knowledge of U.S. national security information, processes or capabilities. This is called reporting "anomalies" and is explained further in

39. President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board THE WHITE HOUSE. President's foreign intelligence Advisory Board. President's ForeignIntelligence Advisory Board. President's foreign intelligence Advisory Board. http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/pfiab/

T H E W H I T E H O U S E President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Help Site Map Text Only President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Introduction Role History Operations ... Appendix Introduction The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities. The PFIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board , also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities. Operating under Executive Order 12863 signed by President Clinton on September 13, 1993, the PFIAB currently has eleven members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who are qualified on the basis of achievement, experience and independence. Warren Rudman , the chairman, currently heads the board. The Role of The Board Unique within the government, the PFIAB has traditionally been tasked with providing the President with an independent source of advice on the effectiveness with which the intelligence community is meeting the nation's intelligence needs and the vigor and insight with which the community plans for the future. The History Of The Board The Board was established in 1956 by President Eisenhower and was originally called the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities. It gained its current name under President Kennedy and it has served all Presidents since that time except for President Carter.

40. President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board President's foreign intelligence Advisory Board. President's foreign intelligenceAdvisory Board. President's foreign intelligence Advisory Board. Current Board. http://clinton4.nara.gov/textonly/WH/EOP/pfiab/

President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Introduction Role History Operations ... PDF Information Introduction The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities. The PFIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board , also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities. Operating under Executive Order 12863 signed by President Clinton on September 13, 1993, the PFIAB currently has eleven members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who are qualified on the basis of achievement, experience and independence. Warren Rudman , the chairman, currently heads the board. The Role of The Board Unique within the government, the PFIAB has traditionally been tasked with providing the President with an independent source of advice on the effectiveness with which the intelligence community is meeting the nation's intelligence needs and the vigor and insight with which the community plans for the future. The History Of The Board The Board was established in 1956 by President Eisenhower and was originally called the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities. It gained its current name under President Kennedy and it has served all Presidents since that time except for President Carter.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 110    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20