21. Ecosystems Habitats Biodiversity (World Resource Institute,WRI) Landscape Ecology and biogeography (CSUBioinformatics). Bioshere, Bioshere (EB). ecosystems, Ecoregions and biomes, http://www.biodiversity.nl/ecoplaces.htm

22. Introduction To Biogeography biomes include tropical rainforest, savanna grassland, boreal forest and sea levelrise on ecosystems, we use an approach known as Historical biogeography. http://www.valdosta.edu/~grissino/geog4900/lect_1.htm

Geography 4900 Introduction to Biogeography Lecture 1 I. Introduction to Biogeography Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plants and animals over the surface of the Earth in both a spatial and temporal context. The discipline is important because administrators, politicians, policy-makers, and consulting firms are looking more and more to scientists who study the Earth, its environs and its organisms, to better manage the future to ensure its well-being. Notice both "spatial" and "temporal" contexts are mentioned, because biogeography is concerned with the analysis and explanation of patterns of distribution , and with the understanding of changes in these distributions that have taken place in the past and which are taking place to this day. The goal of the Biogeographer, as for all scientists, is to eventually provide rules and scientific laws , arising from proven theories, that can account for such patterns in distributions over space and time. These rules provide a general framework of understanding of our environment that can subsequently be used for predictions about the consequences of human-alteration of the natural world. Hence, the goal of Biogeography is to

23. Introduction To Biogeography 10, Discuss course syllabus, Jan. 12, Introduction to biogeography, Chap. 1. 4. Feb.1416, ecosystems and climate, Chap. 4. Feb. 18, biomes I; Outlines Due, Chap. 4. http://www.valdosta.edu/~grissino/geog4900/geog4900no.htm

Geography 4900 Introduction to Biogeography Lecture Notes Click on the date or topic to bring up the lecture notes for that day. Remember: I do not place the notes online until after the lecture! Date Topic Reading Jan. 10 Discuss course syllabus Jan. 12 Introduction to Biogeography Chap. 1 Jan. 14 ... Feb. 9 Exam 1 Feb. 11 Communities Chap. 4 Feb. 14-16 ... Mar. 1 Exam 2 Mar. 3 Island biogeography I Chap. 13 Mar. 6-8 ... Mar. 24 Exam 3 Apr. 5 Evidence from the glacial record Chap. 9 Apr. 7 ... May 5 Exam 4, 8:00-10:00 Go back to Geography 4900 Main Page grissino@valdosta.edu

24. Final Review Geography 316 biogeography Fall 2002. Final Exam Review Review the following termsand concepts for the exam. biomes and ecosystems biomes what are they http://bss.sfsu.edu/geog/bholzman/courses/316/finalrevF02.htm

GEOGRAPHY 316: BIOGEOGRAPHY B. Holzman, PhD Geography 316: Biogeography Fall Final Exam Review Review the following terms and concepts for the exam. Concentrate on lecture notes, reserved readings and rely on the text where needed (use the text for clarification or further detail). Physical Geography Terms and Concepts: Earth as a Sphere what is the earth size/ shape what are latitude/longitude perihelion/aphelion solstice and equinoxes Declination of the sun (know how to calculate it given a location and date) where are the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn Rotation and Revolution and their effects on the planet's biosphere Declination of the sun (know how to calculate it given a location and date) Biodiversity : Biodiversity (define) Taxonomic Classes (Kingdom. Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) Morphological and Biological species concept Define Succession (primary and secondary) what types of plants would you expect at the various stages of succession Biomes and Ecosystems: Biomes what are they know the characteristics of each i.e. location, climate, soil, flora and fauna, as well as human impacts

25. Test 1 Review:  Biogeography Geography 316 biogeography Fall 2002. Food Chains/Trophic Levels ecosystems,Food chains. biomes Definitions Structural Components (life form, size http://bss.sfsu.edu/geog/bholzman/courses/316/316review1F02.htm

Geography 316: Biogeography Fall 2002 Exam 1 Review Review the following terms and concepts for the exam. Concentrate on lecture notes, assignments, quizzes. Rely on the text for clarification or further detail, remember the reserved readings). Physical Geography Terms and Concepts: Earth as a Sphere earth size/ shape meridians/parallels latitude/longitude earth's rotation effects of rotation axial tilt perihelion/aphelion solstice and equinoxes Rotation and Revolution and their effects on the planet's biosphere Declination of the sun ( know how to calculate it given a location and date) Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn Biodiversity What does it mean? terms Species, population, community, ecosystem naming things (taxonomy) Gradients in Biodiversity Primary productivity , structure and composition what types of plants would you expect at the various stages of succession Characteristics of each seral stage Taxonomic Classes (Kingdom. Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) Morphological and Biological species concepts Ecosystems/Processes Definitions Biotic Structure of the Ecosystem Laws of Thermodynamics Food Chains/Trophic Levels Ecosystems, Food chains

26. Objectives Of The Biogeography Study Group (IGU-BSG) 1996-2000 The overall aim of the Study Group is to promote biogeography as a of plant andanimal communities (at scales ranging from ecosystems to biomes) and how http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/igu/bsg.html

Objectives of the Biogeography Study Group (IGU-BSG) 1996-2000 The overall aim of the Study Group is to promote biogeography as a relevant sub-discipline of geography. There is some evidence that biogeographical teaching within geography might have declined in recent years, consequently the promotion of the subject is of vital importance to geography as a discipline and to strengthen biogeographical influence in international fora (e.g. IGBP). In particular, we wish to stimulate biogeographical research and teaching amongst young researchers and within developing countries. This overall aim will be achieved through the following objectives: Within the overall framework of the Study Group's activities, attention will be focused on the following issues: a) The need to understand the functioning of plant and animal communities (at scales ranging from ecosystems to biomes) and how they influence physical processes at the earth-atmosphere interface. Within this context the roles of ecosystem studies, palaeoecology, geoecology, modelling, scaling, remote sensing and GIS will be addressed. b) To provide spatial and temporal structure and explanation to the increasing amounts of information on plant and animal species that are becoming available. Within this context the roles of palaeoecology, landscape ecology, remote sensing and GIS will be addressed.

27. Section 2 Lecture 1 which are the main focus for biogeography (Fig 1b). Investigations are undertakenat a variety of scales the biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, microhabitats. http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/sciences/geography/staff/harrist/ipg files/sect2

To consider the biosphere as an assemblage of dynamic ecosystems and to examine the basic structure, functions and processes of terrestrial and aquatic systems. biosphere; biogeography; ecosystem; autotrophic; heterotrophic; energy flows; thermodynamics; entropy; photosynthesis; food chain; primary productivity biomass; biogeochemical cycles; nutrient pools. Biogeography The biosphere is generally considered to be "that portion of the earth in which organisms and people can live" (Odum, 1993, p.26). It merges impercephibly into the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. (Fig 1a) Within the biosphere, organisms interact with each other and with their abiotic environment in complex ways. It is these relationships and the resultant spatial and temporal patterns of life-forms which are the main focus for biogeography (Fig 1b). Investigations are undertaken at a variety of scales : the biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, micro-habitats. The most common/useful scale used by many biogeographers is that of the ecosystem. This term was coined by Tansley in 1935 to denote biotic and abiotic components considered as a whole. "Ecosystem" is aterm which not only describes particular groups of organisms interacting with each other and with their non-living environment, but it is also a concept. Ecosystems are generally considered to be open, dynamic systems with identifiable structures and functions (Fig 2.) Any given ecosystem contains

28. Zeal.com Symlinks to this category, United States New Library Sciences Ecology biogeography biomes ecosystems@ Edit Remove. Contributed, May 17, 1999 624 PM. http://www.zeal.com/category/profile.jhtml?cid=330298

29. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Sciences - Earth & Environment - Ecol Browse this complete archive of notes from a course on biogeography.Topics include ecosystems, biomes and island biogeography. http://www.zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=10022142

30. Biomes Of North America Lecture Notes - Part 7: Tropics Loss and Degradation A technical report by Reed F. Noss, Edward T. LaRoe III J. Michael Scott biogeography from Nearctica ecosystems, biomes, and Habitats http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/biome/lec35g.html

Images (c) by James L. Reveal, Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland, unless otherwise credited. Biomes of North America Lecture Notes Part 7: Tropics Low montane rain forest edge, Cerro Pierre, Panama (above) Montane rain forest, Panama (below, right) XV. Tropics A. Location: Central America, Caribbean islands, equatorial South America and western Africa, southeastern Asia from India to Malaysia, northern Australia, and many Pacific Islands. Forests cover about seven percent of the earth's surface, half of that is tropical. Restricted to southern Florida in the continental United States. B. Features: 1. Vast number of densely spaced trees and enormous diversity of species, sites and sounds 2. General lack of seasonality. Precipitation about 80-160 in (200-400 cm) or more in North America 4. Mean average temperature is 70-80° F (22-27° C) for most of the region. 5. Frost and freezing temperates restricted to tropical mountains. 6. High humidity, narrow temperature fluctuation, uniform day-length; growing season up to 365 days a year. 7. Soils are geologically old and therefore generally poor in

31. Biogeography Home Page Biogeographer newsletter of the biogeography Specialty Group of species, naturalcommunities and ecosystems and natural Aquatic biomes; The World's biomes by http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biogeog.html

GEOG 335. Biogeography Home Page This page provides entry to general information about the course as well as to the current class schedule, assignment descriptions, exam dates, on-line exercises, supplementary materials, and a glossary of terms. Course Description WebCT Course Supplements (online) Life Zones Biomes Zoogeographic Provinces General Review Questions on Song of the Dodo Ranges of North American Breeding Birds Speciation model Virtual field trip samples Big Bend National Park Deep Lock Quarry, Ohio Glacier National Park Indian Peaks, Colorado ... Glossary Other sites with useful information: The Biogeographer newsletter of the Biogeography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographerssee what biogeographers are doing Plate tectonics: description and animations Museum of Paleontology , UC-Berkeley: On-line exhibits dealing with the history of life which may be accessed according to time period or taxon. Also contains exhibit on evolution and a glossary. Especially relevant to this course is the exhibit on the

32. Online Glossary Of Terms: B diversity), and variety of ecosystems (ecosystem diversity). biogeography Field ofphysical geography that studies The distribution of the biomes is controlled http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/physgeoglos/b.html

A B C D ... Z - B - Background Extinction Normal extinction of species that occurs as a result of changes in local environmental conditions. Also see mass extinction Backscattering Portion of solar radiation directed back into space as a result of particle scattering in the atmosphere Backshore Area behind the shore . This coastal feature is located between the beach berm and the backshore slope Backshore slope Sloping bank landward of the shore . This coastal feature is composed of relatively non-mobile sediments Backswamp Marshy low lying area in a stream 's floodplain . Commonly found behind levees Backwash The return water flow of swash . This sheet of water flows back to ocean because of gravity Bacteria Simple single celled prokaryotic organisms. Many different species of bacteria exist. Some species of bacteria can be pathogenic causing disease in larger more complex organisms. Many species of bacteria play a major role in the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems through aerobic and anaerobic decomposition . Finally, some species form

33. BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS - BGB1003 and biotic features which characterise the biomes, ecosystems, Zoogeographical and awide range of biomes such as Brown, JH Lomolino, MV (1998) biogeography. http://www.apu.ac.uk/appsci/lifesci/lifemods/bgb1003.htm

Department of Life Sciences Module Description Life Sciences Module List > Biomes and Ecosystems BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS Level: B Module Code: BGB1003 Year: 1 Module Credits: 10 Pre-Requisites: None Co-Requisites: None Pre-Requisite For: None Semester: 2 Module Leader: Toby Carter Module Description: This module will investigate the climatic and biotic features which characterise the Biomes, Ecosystems, Zoogeographical and Phytogeographical Realms of the World. The students will be introduced to ecological energetics and consider the productivity of the different systems. Examples will be drawn from a wide range of biomes such as Arctic/Antarctic tundra, taiga, boreal and temperate forests, oceans, temperate grasslands, savannahs, deserts and tropical rainforest. Recommended Background Reading: Archibald, E.O. (1995) Ecology of World Vegetation. .C.U.P. Colinvaux, P.A. (1993) 2nd Ed. Ecology . John Wiley. Biogeography . Sinauer Assessments: Coursework: 66% Exam: 34% Module Resources: This area holds downloadable lecture notes and other documentation relevant to this module. To access these files you must have a valid username and password which you can obtain from the module leader.

34. BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS - BGB1003 features which characterise the biomes, ecosystems, Zoogeographical and a wide rangeof biomes such as JH and Lomolino, MV (1998) biogeography, Sinauer Videos http://www.apu.ac.uk/dso/catalogue/cambridge/levelb/Biology/BGB1003.html

BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS Module Code: BGB1003 Level: 1 Module Credits: 10 Pre-Requisites: None Co-Requisites: None Semester 2 The module will investigate the climatic and biotic features which characterise the Biomes, Ecosystems, Zoogeographical and Phytogeographical Realms of the World. The students will be introduced to ecological energetics and consider the productivity of the different systems. Examples will be drawn from a wide range of biomes such as Arctic/Antarctic tundra, taiga, boreal and temperate forests, oceans, temperate grasslands, savannahs, deserts and tropical rainforest Recommended Background Reading: Archibald, E.O. (1995) Ecology of World Vegetation , Chapman and Hall Chapman, J.L., and Reiss, M.J. (1998) 2nd ed. Ecology, Principles and Apllications , C.U.P. Colinvaux, P.A (1993) 2nd ed. Ecology , John Wiley Brown, J.H. and Lomolino, M.V. (1998) Biogeography , Sinauer Videos - BBC Living Planet The Private Life of Plants Assessments: 40% Computer based exercise 30% Essay 30% Computer based exam Back to: Subject Forward Planner or First Page or Main List of Subjects Updated: October 2002

35. Biomes | Ecosystems | Ecology | Robberecht of world biomes, which are continentalsized ecosystems. fauna, and the major humaninfluences on biomes. biogeography An ecological and evolutionary approach http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/biomes/

World Biomes Professor R. Robberecht Department of Rangeland Ecology College of Natural Resources University of Idaho Email: ecology@uidaho.edu Course Description Reference Materials A comprehensive survey and analysis of world biomes, which are continental-sized ecosystems. Students will work on team projects with computer-based information technology (geographical information systems, digital media, and interactive multimedia programs) to analyze the structure and function of biomes. This will include a comprehensive analysis of the interrelationships among the environment, flora and fauna, and the major human influences on biomes. Prerequisites are a course in general ecology (e.g., Range 221 or Biology 331), general botany (e.g., Botany 311), and an advanced course in community ecology (e.g., Range 459 or Botany 432), or permission. Textbooks Required Archibold, A. 1995. Ecology of World Vegetation Optional Cox, C.B., and P.D. Moore 2000. Biogeography: An ecological and evolutionary approach. Sixth edition. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, USA. Recommend reference materials: Brewer, R. 1994.

36. Ecologylinks Internet Links Antarctica Arctic Habitats Guide Biodiversity - Internet Links biogeography- Internet Links biogeography, ecosystems and biomes Birds - Field http://yalesecondary.sd34.bc.ca/Subject Weblinks/ecologylinks.html

YALE SECONDARY SCHOOL LIBRARY WEBLINKS ECOLOGY Agroecology - Internet Links Amphibians - Field Guide Animalia - Internet Links Antarctica ... Wildflowers - Field Guide ECOLOGY RELATED TOPICS Animal Ecology Aquatic Ecology Biodiversity Biogeography ... Wildlife Ecology and Management ECOLOGY RELATED INTERNET LINKS A B C D-F ... V-Z (SEE ALSO: GEOGRAPHY - PHYSICAL EARTH SCIENCE , AND ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE RETURN TO SUBJECT WEBLINKS INDEX RETURN TO YALE SECONDARY SCHOOL LIBRARY HOMEPAGE

37. Biomes3 Biodiversity Internet Links. biogeography - Internet Links. biogeography,ecosystems and biomes. Birds - Field Guide. Botany and Systematics. http://yalesecondary.sd34.bc.ca/assignments/biomes3.html

38. Anthro 348: Biomes & Biogeography biomes biogeography (and a review of Primates B. biomes 1. Rain forests in zonesalong Amazon Orinoco Communities and ecosystems, 2nd ed. Mamillan, New York http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~palombit/L348-02-Biomes.html

Anthropology 348, Primate Socioecology I. Biomes: General Types A. Some definitions Biome = "grouping of natural communities broadly similar in vegetation structure" Community Ecocline = gradual transition zones between biomes (usually no discrete, hard-and-fast boundaries) Tropical Temperate Biomes Rain forest Rain forest Elfinwood Taiga Seasonal/Monsoon forest Tundra Grassland II. A few general features of these biomes A. Rain forest 1. Much rain: "everwet" conditions 3. broad-leaved, non-decidous trees B. Seasonal / Monsoon Forest 1. Rainfall less with distinct "dry" season 2. Greater percentage of deciduous trees C. Woodland / Thornwood / Shrubland 1. Woodland: trees more widely spaced, more undergrowth 2. Thornwood a. Small, spiny trees with drought-resistant (often deciduous) leaves b. Succulent trees, conserving water in trunks/stems D. Savanna, Grassland, Savanna-Mosaic 1. Dominated by grasses 3. Gallery forest = stands of forests along riverways, surrounded by savanna 4. Rainfall highly seasonal

39. GEOGRAPHY 333: BIOGEOGRAPHY F. global communities the earth's biomes G. ecosystems barrens streams and pondsurban ecosystems VII Island biogeography A. types of islands B. geography and http://marauder.millersville.edu/~kschreib/GEOG333.htm

GEOGRAPHY 333: BIOGEOGRAPHY Dr. Kathy Schreiber 101 Luzerne Hall, x3630 Office Hours: M 3-4:30, T 2:30-4, W,F 3-4, or by appointment Course Description This course investigates underlying processes leading to the current spatial distribution of flora and fauna across the earth. Both ecological and evolutionary approaches are used to explore the effect of biological, physical, and human cultural forces on the formation of earth’s major terrestrial biomes and taxonomic distributions. Course also covers the concepts of tolerance, adaptation, diversity, island biogeography, and community biogeography, and includes application of biogeography to conservation theory and practice. At the end of the course, students should be able to: -describe the features and theorized formation of a number of biogeographic patterns, -discuss the relationship of historical influences such as plate tectonics, paleogeography, and paleoclimate to these patterns, -explain the relationship between local features of the physical and biological environment and organism success, abundance, and range, -describe the human impact on the distribution and diversity of life on earth.

40. Undergrad science; different approaches in biogeography; vegetation types and ecological systems;terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation regions and biomes (focus on http://general.rau.ac.za/geography/Undergrad.htm

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Undergraduate Courses COURSES DESCRIPTION PREREQUISITE Geography 1 Population Geography Political Geography Climatology Geomorphology Geography 2 Economic Geography Urban Geography Geography 3 Geo-Informatics: Integrated application and management of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Cartography 2A or 2B Statistical methods A or Analytical techniques A 2A, 2B and 3A Geography 1A Population Geography (GGF5011): Introduction to human geography and the concept of "geographical space"; population geography (population, resources, environmental impact), population distribution, population dynamics (and growth), results of population growth (socio-economic), population control (zero population growth, policy, planning; humans and their environment (impact, problems, overpopulation, environmental carrying capacity, resources, change, impact evaluation). Political Geography (GGF5991): Spatial political organisation. Political geography of the world order; sovereign states (development, structure, processes); geography of political participation, political instability; the new world order: a futuristic scenario. Back to table Geography 1B Climatology (GGF5031): A spatial study of the earth's atmosphere, weather and climate.

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