1. The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Indigenous Studies CWIS George Manuel Librar Collection of links to indigenousstudies resources is categorized by region, including the Pacific, africa, Asia and the Middle East. political struggles waged by indigenous peoples seek to achieve the Amazigh/berber. Amazigh Heritage http://www.cwis.org/wwwvl/indig-vl.html

The WWW Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree Library of Congress The World Wide Web Virtual Library: INDIGENOUS STUDIES The Center For World Indigenous Studies (CWIS) and the Chief George Manuel Library are pleased to support and contribute to the development and maintenance of the World Wide Web Virtual Library The Indigenous Studies Virtual Library provides links to: General Indigenous Studies Resources I ndigenous Resources for Africa Indigenous Resources for Asia and the Middle East Indigenous Resources for Indigenous Resources for Europe Indigenous Resources for North America Indigenous Resources for the Pacific Other Useful Resources Other World Wide Web Virtual Library Sites If you wish to register a resource with the Indigenous Studies WWW Virtual Library, please use our Site Submission Form . For other inquiries, please e-mail the Chief George Manuel Library Librarian This site is maintained in conjunction with the Australian National University's Aboriginal Studies WWW Virtual Library Circumpolar WWW Virtual Library containing links to Circumpolar Indigenous resources.

2. GeoNative - Tamazight - Berber berber. berber. The berber or Amazigh peoples live in Northern africa throughout the Mediterranian But no country does recognise this indigenous language. Islamic states north of http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9860/tamaz.html

Tamazight Berber Berber The Berber or Amazigh peoples live in Northern Africa throughout the Mediterranian coast, the Sahara and Sahel. Before the arrival of Arabs, this was a Berber world. The Amazigh territory, this broad homeland, is also referred as Tamazgha. Nowadays, there are great groups in Morocco (as well as in Ceuta and Melilla ) and Algeria , important communitites in Mali, Niger and Lybia, and smaller groups in Tunis, Mauritania, Burkina-Faso and Egypt (Siwa oasis). The Tuareg or Imajaghen of the desert are one branch of the Amazigh. There may be around 20 million speakers of Tamazight or Berber, a broad group of dialects or languages, that can be considered in an unitary way. But no country does recognise this indigenous language. Islamic states north of the Sahara are considered Arab and only Arab. This idea is extended among many Amazigh as well, who consider themselves to be "Arabs", although ethnic consciousness is also high among many. Tamazight Berbereak, Amazigh herria, Ipar Afrikako (Mediterranioko kostaldeko, Saharako eta Saheleko parte handi bateko) benetako jatorrizko biztanleak dira. Arabiarrak iritsi aurretik, hau mundu Berberea zen, eurek Tamazgha deitzen duten lurraldea. Gaur egunean, talde handiak bizi dira

3. Berbers in North africa, Tunisia, being berber is synonymous with being an illiterate peasantdressed in traditional garments. As with other indigenous peoples in the http://i-cias.com/e.o/berbers.htm

READER ADS: culture vulture PUT YOUR AD HERE - FREE ... Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Berbers People living in North Africa , from Morocco 's west coast to the oasis Siwa in Egypt , from Tunisia 's north tip to the oases in mid- Sahara Berbers are making up a clear majority of the population of North Africa in terms of race and in terms of identity, a considerable minority. The difference between race and identity here is central to understand what being Berber is all about. The influx of Arabs to North Africa, has been far too small up through history to, defend the large numbers of people now claiming to be Arabs. And the influx of other peoples to North Africa has not been of any size since the Vandals in the 5th century. In terms of race, Berbers represent 80% of the population in Morocco and Algeria, more than 60% in Tunisia and Libya and 2% in Egypt, making up more than 50 million people. In addition there are about 4 million Berbers living in Europe, primarily in France. But as the Arabization has swept away th indigenous language from many regions, as well as the Berber identity, many people with Berber forefathers, are now claiming to be Arabs. In terms of identity Berbers represent 40% of all Moroccans, 30% of all Algerians, 5% of all Tunisians, and 10% of all Libyans and 0,5% of all Egyptians, making up more than 20 million people. An estimated half of the ethnic Berbers living in Europe regard themselves as Berbers, making up 2 million. Berbers are just as most other peoples in the world, blended with other people. There are differences between Berbers which have inspired many stories, of European slaves and war captives, bringing blond hair and red hair as well as green and blue eyes into the Berber race. The origin of Berbers is not certain either, some believe they may have come from Europe, but it is safest to consider the Berbers as the original population of North Africa.

4. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And InstitutionsWORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY I Tribal World Books for books on the tribal art of the indigenous peoples of africa. africa Page 1 of 3 the arts of tribal peoples of North America, africa, and the South Pacific Imazighen (the free people)) (Keywords Culture, tradition, africa, Morocco, berber). http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigbib.html

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions (2100 citations) Compiled by Charlotte Hess November 21, 2001 Abay, Fetien, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Waters-Bayer 1999. "Dynamics in IK: Innovation in Land Husbandry in Ethiopia." Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor Abbink, John. 1993. "Ethnic Conflict in the 'Tribal Zone': the Dizi and Suri in Southern Sudan." The Journal of Modern African Studies Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James M. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Acres, B. D. 1984. "Local Farmers' Experience of Soils Combined with Reconnaissance Soil Survey for Land Use Planning: An Example from Tanzania."

5. Agraw N Imazighen N Umad'al, Amazigh World Congress, Congrès Mondial Amazigh for berber association based in Northern africa and the spread information, in particularto the berber associations, on the Decade of indigenous peoples. http://www.tamurt-imazighen.com/tamazgha/agraw/agraw2_eng.html

President Speech at the Geneva, August 1st 1996 Meeting of the UN Decade for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Madam Chairperson, Ladies and gentlemen members of the office, Dear friends representative of Indigenous Peoples, Hello! My name is Mabrouk Ferkal and I am president of the "Congrès Mondial Amazigh" (CMA). In name of the CMA, I would like to thank the organisers of this session of the UN Decade for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples for the invitation. Our organisation has its place among you since it has the honour of representing the Indigenous People of Northern Africa, Imazighen (the Berbers). Our organisation is participating for the first time in the already established Working Group for Indigenous Peoples. Despite its creation less than one year ago, it has this opportunity because its Parisian headquarters allowed us to have easy access to information, which is not the case for berber association based in Northern Africa and the Sahel. Concerning this matter, we must draw your attention to the fact that the North-African governments did not make any efforts to spread information, in particular to the Berber associations, on the Decade of Indigenous Peoples. This explains the absence of Berber associations among the Working Group and shows, once more, the will of these States to pursue their politics of assimilation of the Berber People. We regret the attitude of the North-African States and are asking you to intervene with their governments and to require that the necessary be done so that the Decade can be celebrated by the Berber People, and to enable the associations which defend the linguistic, cultural and identity rights to participate in the coming sessions of the Working Group.

6. Bibliography Of Indigenous Knowledge And InstitutionsWORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY I Annotated illustrated links to Saharan mythology, beliefs, lore, art, and archaeology. ancestors of contemporary berber (Amazigh, or Free People, is their name for themselves) and Tuareg peoples. brief sites on North africa's indigenous berbers are taken from the http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/wsl/indigeno.htm

WORKSHOP RESEARCH LIBRARY Indigenous Knowledge and Institutions Compiled by Charlotte Hess January 2000 Maffi, Luisa, ED. 1996. "Endangered Languages, Endangered Knowledge, Endangered Environments: Abstracts of Presentations for the Working Conference, Berkeley, CA, October 25-27, 1996." Acharya, Bipin Kumar. 1994. "Nature Cure and Indigenous Healing Practices in Nepal: A Medical Anthropological Perspective." In Anthropology of Nepal: Peoples, Problems, and Processes . M. Allen, ed. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point. Acheson, James. 1994. "Transaction Costs and Business Strategies in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics . J. Acheson, ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 12). Acheson, James M. 1990. "The Management of Common Property in a Mexican Indian Pueblo." Presented at "Designing Sustainability on the Commons," the first annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Duke University, Durham, NC, September 27-30, 1990. Adamowicz, W., T. Beckley, and W. Phillips 1998. "In Search of Forest Resource Values on Indigenous Peoples: Are Nonmarket Valuation Techniques Applicable?"

7. FWB, Fall 1994/Winter 1995 To reduce North africa to one cultural model would and economic development of theBerber homelands. the Draft Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples. http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/fwc/Issue9/berber-2.html

B ERBERS The Berber Role in the Liberation Struggle At the beginning of the 19th century, political anarchy and economic dependency in the Maghreb made the region vulnerable to the imperial intentions of Europeans, especially the French. The region was under the control of the Ottoman Turks, in 1830, when the French took control of Algiers and then gradually extended military control over the coastal region.8 From the beginning, French imperial policy in North Africa proved to be destructive and violent.9 Militarily, the French controlled the whole region, with the exception of wide pockets in the Atlas Mountain highlands (that were inhabited primarily by Berbers). The colonial French deliberately destroyed the local Maghreb economy while opening the gates to settlement by French civilians. The colonial administration used modern capitalistic interpretations of Roman Law as a means to dispossess the population (including the Berbers) of its territorial domain. By confounding pasture land with uncultivated land, and jointly owned property with collective property, and by extending the limits of forest lands, the French confined their colonized subjects to progressively diminished space and resources.10 The colonial policy was intended to divide and rule. Juridically, the French applied their own laws, while breaking down the Islamic legal structure. The policy of containment of Berbers (confining their territorial space), while suppressing the Islamic judicial system, drove a wedge between the traditional Arab elites and the Berber peasants. In Morocco (where the same French colonial policy as that conducted in Algeria led indirectly to the current national crisis between Arabs and Berbers), the French provided segregated schools for the Berbers, while they tried to rally Berber tribes to the tricolor behind Al-Glawi, a powerful

8. Mail Africa International - Algeria who mixed with various invading peoples from the Arab Middle East, southern Europe,and subSaharan africa. and Islamization of the indigenous berber population http://www.mailafrica.net/travel/country.php?country=Algeria

9. Mythinglinks/AFRICA/Egypt & The Sahara: The Sahara a collection of resources on North africa with a whose linguistic roots are relatedto the berber's .. it unethical to explore indigenous peoples' lore and http://www.mythinglinks.org/afr~sahara.html

MYTHING LINKS Kathleen Jenks, Ph.D. GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS THE SAHARA Berber Woman (From the "Libyana" site: see below) http://www.myrine.at/Amazons/libya.html Since Robert Graves and others argue that Medusa and her Gorgon sisters originated in Libya (Neith, one of the earliest Egyptian goddesses, also seems to have come from Libya in ancient times, Libyans and the Delta peoples of Egypt seem to have mingled freely), it isn't surprising that Greece's Amazon mythology might draw from northern Africa as well as Turkey. This engrossing site is on African Amazons, the probable ancestors of contemporary Berber ( Amazigh, or Free People, is their name for themselves) and Tuareg peoples. The site is a little difficult to navigate so just click on all hypertext available (including "cap" on the opening page). There's a page full of Amazons as they were portrayed in ancient Greek art; there's another on Tin Hinan, an ancient Tuareg queen so revered that the gold in her tomb was never looted; there's a page on the Berbers, another on the Tuareg, another on ancient language and art from the Sahara. A trial membership to this group is offered with it you get free downloads of ancient art as well as translated texts concerning the Amazons. http://www.arab.net/libya/culture/la_berbers.html

10. Amazigh History and referred to the indigenous peoples they encountered as speakers adopted berber and berber coined the implying that the inhabitants of North africa. http://www.libyamazigh.org/history.htm

Substance and Origins: Since the dawn of history, Imazighen have been the indigenous inhabitants of North Africa, their territory stretching from Egypt to Mauritania and from the Mediterranean to the boundaries of historic sub-Saharan Black Africa. Various empires and peoples have conquered portions of historic Tamazgha , beginning with the Phoenicians and Greeks and continuing through the Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks, French, British, Spanish, and Italians. Imazighen have been subjected to various religious beliefs: their own early pantheistic concepts; the polytheistic dogmas of the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans; and monotheistic Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Since the 13th century, most Imazighen have professed the Islamic faith and Islam has sunk most deeply into their psyches. Throughout their history, the Imazighen have always had their heroes or heroines who have defended their ancestral homeland but then succumbed to the superior "civilization" might of their conquerors. In 814 B.C., for example, Amazigh chief Larbas negotiated a deal to marry Princess Dido, daughter of the King of Tyre, in return for a small piece of real estate that eventually became Qart Hadasht (i.e., the New City, or Carthage). King Juba and king Massinissa intrigued with the Romans against the Carthaginians. Royal prince Jugurtha learned Roman fighting techniques and then led a formidable rebellion from 106 to 104 B.C. according to the Roman historian Sallust's account of the Jugurthine War.

11. Mali: Afropop Country -- West Africa, Berber Music, Wassoulou, Griot Music, Afri Dogon, Tamascheck, Soninke, Songhoi, Tuareg and other peoples. for cultural diversityunusual in modern africa. griot music and other indigenous Malian sounds http://www.afropop.org/explore/country_info/ID/2/Mali/

@import "/afp_main.css"; /* ie */ Home Radio Explore Community ... Back to Country Page Mali History runs deep in Mali. In the 13th century, long before French colonizers arrived, the peaceful and productive Malian Empire spread through much of today's West Africa, far beyond the country's present borders. Many different ethnic groups came together under a visionary Manding king, Sunjata Keita, to control the trans-Saharan trade of salt and gold. The empire enjoyed two centuries of peace and glory, and that golden era lives on today in songs and stories. Contemporary Mali is far poorer and more challenged than the Empire at its height, or indeed than the Songhai and Bambara kingdoms that followed Mali and preceded the French colonial era. The Manding now rub shoulders and share scant resources with Fulani (Peul), Bambara, Bobo, Dogon, Tamascheck, Soninke, Songhoi, Tuareg and other peoples. But recalling the inclusive vision of Sunjata, Malians mostly get along and show a respect for cultural diversity unusual in modern Africa. Today, Mali can boast a dazzling variety of ethnic music fusions styles, from the hunter-derived Wassoulou sound of the south, to Bambara, Bobo and Senufo pop from the east, to the other-worldly northern styles, epitomized in the music of Ali Farka Toure. In part because most of these ethnic styles use five-note (pentatonic) scales, listeners find in them clear links to American blues. This is a complex and mysterious subject as full of surprising twists and turns as Mali's seemingly endless stream of pentatonic music styles.

12. AMAZIGH SITES Images of traditional berbers (Amazigh) of north africa. United Nations Working Groupon indigenous peoples, in Geneva berber World/Monde de berberIn English http://www.waac.org/library/listsites/amazigh.html

13. North Africa - History - Galleyslaves Books humans in the Mahgreb, through the rise of the formidable berber kingdoms of of thesedisparate peoples, regarded as the indigenous peoples of North africa. http://www.galleyslaves.com/northafr-hist.htm

North Africa history -Galleyslaves Books Book covers with publisher's comments. Any comments of our own are in blue italic. GS#4540 Ordering Information T Almohads from the Almoravids and for explaining the dazzling wealth and art of Roman North Africa. contains: A-Z Historical Gazetteer; Chronology of Major Events; List of Rulers; Historical Maps; Illustrations. Hannibal: Enemy of Rome , by Leonard Cottrell, (Da Capo Press, Inc., 1992), first published in 1961, 257pp, illustrated, $12.55 (paperback). GS#5563 Ordering Information I n the year 216 B.C., Hannibal of Carthage, faced with an opposing Roman army twice the size of his own, outwitted the enemy at Cannae by means of a strategy which has become a classic of its kind. As a result of his famous "double pincer" maneuver, 70,000 Roman soldiers died within the space of a few hours on a field the size of New York's Central Park. Yet, as devastating and startling as Cannae was, it was only one of a long list of incredible achievements. Hannibal's fantastic 1000-mile march across the Alps from Spain to Italy was one of the wonders of ancient times. He began his hazardous journey with 90,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry, and 37 elephants. By the time he reached the valley of the Po, more than 30,000 troops and many of his elephants had perished, but he still managed to stay in Italy for more than sixteen years. Blending biography and military adventure, Hannibal

14. People Of The Furthest West: Extraordinary Moroccan Journeys | 1-888-584-2281 X Morocco's history began with the berbers, the indigenous people of The originalinhabitants of North africa, the berberspeaking peoples now only http://www.morocco-travel-agency.com/peopleofthefurthestwest.html

Home Page In The Maghreb People Of The Furthest West Three Millennia Of History General Information Cities and Regions Arts and Culture ... Reading List Almost thirty million people harmoniously inhabit the modern kingdom of Morocco. The great majority of them descent from two peoples, Berbers and Arabs . No matter what their origins, all Moroccans share the values of profound hospitality, charity, and generosity that profoundly inform contemporary Moroccan culture. Morocco's history began with the Berbers, the indigenous people of uncertain origin who have inhabited the country for literally thousands of years. The original inhabitants of North Africa, the Berber-speaking peoples now only makeup about 40 percent of the peoples of Morocco and 20 percent of Algeria's population. But once dialects of the Berber language were spoken throughout all of North Africa, and parts of Spain and Sicily during the Middle Ages. Much as many other peoples in the world, Berbers have blended with other people. There are differences between Berbers which have inspired many stories, of European slaves and war captives, bringing blond hair and red hair as well as green and blue eyes into the Berber race.

15. Morocco.com Discussion Forum - Uncertain Origin in N.africa, Tunisia, being berber is synonymous with being an iliterate peasantdressed in traditional garments. As with other indigenous peoples in the world http://www.morocco.com/forums/showthread.php3?threadid=1393&pagenumber=3

16. Morocco.com Discussion Forum - What Is The Origin Of Berber Culture? up in the maghreb, mingled with the indigenous peoples there between the various tribesof berber also, which and subsaharan regions of North africa before the http://www.morocco.com/forums/showthread.php3?threadid=3230&pagenumber=1

17. NATIVE-L (July 1993): Dutch Gov't: Indigenous Peoples on the indigenous peoples living within their territories, despite a genuine wishto deal fairly with them. africa North africa is home to several berber tribes http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9307/0074.html

Dutch gov't: indigenous peoples innusuppnl@gn.apc.org Tue, 13 Jul 1993 10:27:00 PDT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: ecologist@gn.apc.org: "SSP: SUBMERGENCE " Previous article: Human Rights Coordinator: "Help Hawaiian Sovereignty Tribunal" Note: This is a publication from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs / Development Cooperation, which you may find of interest. It was put here for your information by the Innu Support Group. Notes appear at the end. I N F O R M A T I O N Voorlichtingsdienst Ontwikkelingssamenwerking, bezuidenhoutseweg 67, postbus 20061, 2500 EB 's Gravenhage, tel. +31-70-3486486 Number: 11(E) Date: 14 may 1993 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE NETHERLANDS FOREIGN POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION On 29 March 1993, the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr P.H. Kooijmans, and the Netherlands Minister for Development Cooperation, Mr J.P. Pronk, sent a memorandum to the Netherlands Parliament, to inform it about the Netherlands Government policy with respect to the issue of indigenous peoples in the context of foreign policy and development cooperation. In the memorandum, the Ministers also respond to the reports

18. Indigenous Peoples Under The Rule Of Islam map, starting from the tip of north west africa, all through are death traps for thenative berber and its indigenous peoples Under the Rule of Islam, Part II. http://www.atour.com/religion/docs/20010803a.html

19. Indigenous Peoples Under The Rule Of Islam, Part VI Instead of reviving the berber language, Islam extinguishes it in the Middle East,North africa, Indonesia and indigenous peoples Under the Rule of Islam, Final http://www.atour.com/religion/docs/20011018b.html

20. IPACC - Regional Information: North Africa Regional Summary North africa. the history, language and culture of Amazigh (berber)people being indigenous peoples in Algeria are at grave risk of continued http://www.ipacc.org.za/regional/regional.asp?Region=North_Africa

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