Geometry.Net - Basic_T: Turkey Culture

Turkey
turkey culture - Art Museums. What's this about a wooden horse? turkey- culture - Celebrations. So, does everyone celebrate St. Patrick's day?
http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/tourViewSite.cgi?tour_id=7141
The Guide Istanbul
Part of The Guide series covering different destinations in turkey, it provides detailed information about Istanbul including accommodations, art and culture, embassies, emergency and health information, and restaurants.
http://www.theguideturkey.com/istanbul/index.htm

Extractions: Istanbul has become one of the hottest, most exciting cities to visit in the world. The Guide is Istanbul's longest running English language guide magazine. The information is in-depth, carefully researched, and consistently updated so you are always in the know. Let us show you the ins and outs to this historic city...
Culture In Turkey
turkey culture and History culture. turkey - culture ATATURK The Creator ofModern turkey - ATATURK Creator of Modern turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk .
http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/culture_and_history/culture/turkey_turkey_1.htm
T.C. Kultur Bakanligi / Ministry Of Culture, Republic Of Turkey
Top 10 Turkish Sites.
http://www.discoverturkey.com/
Tufts Turkish Students Society (TTSS)
Promotes Turkish culture and supports students from turkey studying at Tufts. Constitution, news from turkey, and related links available.
http://www.tufts.edu/as/stu-org/ttss/
Kurd
An ethnolinguistic group inhabiting the mountainous crescent that extends from the Euphrates River in northern Syria and turkey to Kermanshah in Iran.
http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7855

Extractions: Society-KURD The Kurds are an ethnolinguistic group inhabiting the mountainous crescent that extends from the Euphrates River in northern Syria and Turkey to Kermanshah in Iran. This area is generally designated as Kurdistan and lies approximately between lat. 35 degrees-40 degrees N by long. 37 degrees-47 degrees E. Kurdistan has neither political nor geographical unity, being a semi-continuous territory divided among the modern nations of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and the USSR. At the treaty of Sevres in 1920, it was proposed that Kurdistan be made a political unit; but this proposal was eventually dropped and Kurdistan never came into existence as a nation. The Kurdish language belongs to the Indo-European linguistic stock, and has many similarities to Farsi (Persian). Three major dialects are spoken by the Kurds, but with the development of modern Kurdish nationalism, there has been great emphasis on language unity within Kurdistan (Barth 1953: 11). Estimates of the total Kurdish population vary considerably, ranging from 1,500,000 to 4,000,000. The Royal Institute of International Affairs gives a figure of 3,000,000 around 1951 (Barth 1953: 11), with the greatest single concentration (ca. 2,000,000) located on the Turkish-Iraqi border. The census of Iraq for the year 1947 records 1,000,000 Kurds concentrated in the northern and northeastern sections of that country. Many of the Kurds are urbanized and Arabized or Turkicized, being Kurdish by descent only. The Kurds were early converts to Islam, with the majority belonging to the Shafi'i school of Sunnite Muslims. Several Kurdish groups in Iran belong to the Shi'ite sect of Ahl-il-Hakk (Ali Ilahi). The Kurds today show a considerable diversity in their economic patterns, ranging from pastoral nomads to settled farmers. The great majority of the population are subsistence farmers practicing some degree of localized transhumance. Wheat and barley are the two primary cereals grown. Of secondary importance are rice, peas, lentils, and garden vegetables. Tobacco is the main cash crop. Of the domestic animals, goats and sheep are most important for their hair, wool, and dairy products, while cattle are kept as work animals for plowing and harvesting. Horses are few in number since they are luxury animals, owned primarily by the wealthy. The basic diet centers around bread, dairy products, dates, tea, and meat. The wealthy are able to afford a more varied diet and consume more rice, meat, and fruits. Pork and alcoholic beverages are taboo to the Islamized Kurds. Throughout the Kurdistan area there are two basic and distinctive types of social organization: (1) a so-called "tribal" system based on descent, and (2) a feudal system based on class and land ownership. The nomadic Kurds belong to the descent type, while the settled population, the agriculturists, may be dichotomized between freeholding, organized farmers (descent) and sharecropping tenants (feudal). The feudal-type village structure is progressively being absorbed into the modern structure of the respective national states. Kurdish towns serve as trade and administrative centers, and have more complex patterns of social relations. The tribal areas are characterized by small endogamous communities with strong patterns of localism and traditionalism. In the villages farmers generally own and work their own land, sometimes hiring outside labor for assistance. Mutual renting or borrowing of livestock may occur, especially at harvest time when cattle are used for threshing. Grazing land is owned by the village as a whole, while herd animals are individually owned. Herding is usually done by one or more full-time shepherds serving the whole community. The village is composed of economically independent households, each of which is usually occupied by a single nuclear family; some households include an extended patrilocal family. Within the household the division of labor is clear-cut and follows the traditional rural pattern of men working the fields and women attending to the household tasks. Marriage patterns are based on Koranic law. The Kurds practice kingroup endogamy with the preferred and statistically most frequent mate being the patrilateral parallel cousin. Bride price is present but is not fixed as to amount, this being dependent on the wealth and status of the families involved. The bride price is completely eliminated for marriages involving sister exchange. Polygyny, although permitted by Islam, is relatively uncommon, being confined mostly to the wealthy. The levirate is frequently practiced, but the sororate does not occur. In accordance with Muslim practice, the husband has a right to divorce his wife at any time without specifying his reasons. Following divorce, the woman returns to her father's house leaving the children with their father. Residence in marriage is ideally patrilocal, but the usual household consists of a nuclear family. Traditionally, the father or senior adult male has complete and unquestionable control of the household; but in actual practice it has been observed that Kurdish women often have considerable influence within the family circle (some have even attained prominence on a higher political level). Nevertheless, obedience of the female to the male, and of the young to the old, is still both the ideal and the general rule. The Kurdish kinship system is distinguished by its small number of basic terms, twelve in all. From the standpoint of the male, affinal relatives are of secondary importance. The group of relatives covered by the basic twelve terms is a bilateral kin group and includes all individuals in the elementary families of which ego or ego's parents are members during their lifetime. Kurdish kinship terms measure genealogical distance between new kin without showing unilineal emphasis. Kurdish political organization of the tribal type is based on a segmentary lineage system. A political confederacy, called ashiret, is headed by a paramount leader (beg), and is composed of a number of units each of which is called a tira. Each tira is taxed by the ashiret in terms of armed men and servants who serve in the camp of the beg. These tira represent the primary political and land-owning groups in the society with membership inherited patrilineally; in other words, each tira is the equivalent of a maximal lineage. Each tira is headed by a raiz or leader, whose position is hereditary. During crisis situations, tira leaders meet to form a deliberative body or council for the purpose of decision-making. Population pressure and internal strife sometimes lead to the split of a tira with the eventual formation of a new unit. The whole tira rarely camps as a single unit, but instead divides into a number of tent camps called khel, roughly corresponding to a lineage segment and held together by both economic and kinship ties. The khel is headed by an older man selected informally on the basis of his high prestige, power, and capabilities. Each khel is in turn made up of from 20 to 30 households, and approximates in size, composition, and roles the corresponding political unit represented by the villages of the sedentary Kurds. Instead of being farmers, however, the men are engaged in fulltime herding and stock breeding. Due primarily to the Kurdish practice of endogamy, genealogical and local groups usually coincide and represent the organizational units in the formal political sense. At the village level, a mukhtar (mayor or headman) is elected to serve as an intermediary between the village and the higher political administration. Frequently, the mukhtar is appointed by the higher administration in an attempt to achieve a balance of power in the village or full cooperation with the national government. Vinogradov (1965) is a cultural summary based on material in this file, and provides a good introduction to the Kurds. Additional sources to consult are Leach (1940) and Johnson (1940). Culture summary by John M. Beierle Barth, Fredrik. Principles of social organization in southern Kurdistan. Oslo, Brodrene Jorgensen Boktr., 1953. 146 p. illus., maps, tables. Leach, Edmund Ronald. Social and economic organisation of the Rowanduz Kurds. London, Published for The London School of Economics and Political Science by P. Lund, Humphries, 1940. 74 p. illus., maps. Johnson, J. C. A. The Kurds of Iraq. I. Geographical Magazine, 10 (1940): 382-393. Johnson, J. C. A. The Kurds of Iraq. II. Geographical Magazine, 11 (1940): 50-59. Vinogradov, Amal. Kurd cultural summary. 13 l. Typescript. Unpublished manuscriptNew Haven, Human Relations Area Files, 1965. 7855
CNN - Turkey Takes Aim At Islamic Schools - July 10, 1997
CNN.com
http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9707/10/turkey.islamic.culture/

Extractions: Web posted at: 11:20 p.m. EDT (0320 GMT) SULTANBEYLI, Turkey (CNN) Islamic schools have become the focus of a struggle between a new secular government and what it fears is the country's tilt toward Islamic fundamentalism. The government is considering passing laws to keep children in elementary schools longer so that they will have less time or no time at all, preferably to go to Islamic schools. CNN's Peter Arnett reports from Sultanbeyli, Turkey 3 min., 15 sec. VXtreme streaming video The fear is that the Islamic schools will be used to indoctrinate the young into the kind of radical Islamic fundamentalism that has cropped up in many parts of the world. In the Istanbul suburb of Sultanbeyli, for example, an army commander ordered a statue of Kemal Ataturk , the founder of modern Turkey, erected in the center of town. The idea was to remind everyone of Turkey's strong secular tradition. But there are others who think the government needn't be so fearful.
TURKEY AND TURKISH CULTURE LINKS
htm http//www.petentour.com/turkey.asp http//pw1.netcom.com/~wandaron/mesop.htmlTURKISH culture http//www.iexplore.com/dmap/turkey/culture http//www.u
http://www.geocities.com/guide_turkish/
The Guide Turkey
Information and entertainment resources about turkey, accommodations, history, culture, travel tips, nightlife, and restaurants.
http://www.theguideturkey.com

Extractions: Turkey has it all. Whether youre traveling around the country or hanging out in one spot, The Guide Turkey will show you the best of every city and region from an insiders point of view, keeping you up-to-date on everything thats going on, and making sure that your stay here is an unforgettable experience. ÝSTANBUL ANTALYA BODRUM ANKARA ÝZMÝR
Turkey Travel: Culture Shock! Turkey (Culture Shock! Guides)
culture Shock! turkey (culture Shock! Guides) by Arin Bayraktroglu BuyThis Book Now! Keywords culture Shock! turkey (culture Shock!
http://bookstore.myturkeycenter.com/n_1558686126.htm

Extractions: Whether you travel for business, pleasure, or a combination of the two, the ever-popular CULTURE SHOCK! series belongs in your backpack or briefcase. Get the nuts-and-bolts information you need to survive and thrive wherever you go. CULTURE SHOCK! country guides are easy-to-read, accurate, and entertaining crash courses in local customs and etiquette. CULTURE SHOCK! practical guides offer the inside information you need whether you're a student, a parent, a globetrotter, or a working traveler. CULTURE SHOCK! AT YOUR DOOR guides equip you for daily life in some of the world's most cosmopolitan cities. And CULTURE SHOCK! SUCCESS SECRETS guides offer relevant, practical information with the real-life insights and cultural know-how that can make the difference between business success and failure. Each CULTURE SHOCK! title is written by someone who's lived and worked in the country, and each book is packed with practical, accurate, and enjoyable information to help you find your way and feel at home.
Turkey Travel: Culture Shock! Turkey (Culture Shock! Guides)
Search the net for culture guides shock travel turkey
http://bookstore.myturkeycenter.com/b_1558686126.htm

Extractions: Visit MySleepCenter Most people agree that a good night's sleep is the best way to enhance their day. Yet more than 20 million Americans begin their day crippled by life threatening sleep disorders. Many do not even realize that many of their problems could be caused by an undiagnosed sleep disorder. Sleep researchers now believe that sleep disturbances are a leading cause of high blood pressure, strokes, chronic fatigue, and auto accidents.
Moon And Stars Project
A nonprofit organization dedicated to highlighting the changing face of Turkish arts and culture and establishing a two-way cultural interaction between the United States and turkey.
http://www.moonandstarsproject.org/
Turkey And Turkish Culture :Hotels World Travel And Tourist Information.
and diverse culture, drawing on influences beyond analysis. It's important howeverto remember that you're essentially dealing with a modern turkey that is
http://www.hotels-europe.com/info-countries/turkey/turkey-culture.htm

Extractions: CULTURE Being 'Turkish' seems to be a geographical label as much as anything else. Everybody and their uncle have been through Anatolia in the last 5.000 years and the result is a rich and diverse culture, drawing on influences beyond analysis. It's important however to remember that you're essentially dealing with a modern Turkey that is less than 100 years old. 1998 saw the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Turkish Republic, an event which almost all Turks, no matter what their political beliefs, see as the point at which the idea of 'Turkey' was preserved and the country as a whole brought into the 20th Century. In conversation with Turks you'll often hear the newness or youth of the country referred to as the reason for many things you'll remark upon. 99% of Turks are Muslim. Turkey is however a militantly secular country and life here is far removed from that under fundamentalist regimes. This is a key factor if you want to achieve any understanding of the way that politics and society work here. At times you'll forget that you're in an Islamic country and only be reminded next time you hear the call to prayer, broadcast through a dodgy PA system from the nearest mosque. The mix of cultural influences and traditions here is one of the things that draws tourists to the country and, well, come and see for yourself.
The Guide Bodrum
Part of The Guide series covering different destinations in turkey, it provides detailed information about Bodrum including accommodations, art and culture, embassies, emergency and health information and restaurants.
http://www.theguideturkey.com/bodrum/index.htm

Extractions: Known for its vibrant nightlife, its location on the magnificent Turquoise Sea, and its intricate history, Bodrum has become the most popular vacation spot for Turks and foreigners alike. The Guide Bodrum is in-depth, carefully researched, and consistently updated so you are always in the know. Let us show you the ins and outs to the party capital of southern Turkey
About Marmaris - Culture In Marmaris Turkey
ABOUT MARMARIS culture IN turkey. There are some surprising things aboutthe Turkish culture which visitors should know before they arrive.
http://www.aboutmarmaris.com/culture/culture.htm

Extractions: www.aboutmarmaris.com There are some surprising things about the Turkish culture which visitors should know before they arrive. In this section of our website you will learn about, sensitive subjects, sexual culture, cleanliness and much more. Most of the items are fun to read, so go ahead, learn before you burn, that red face can be avoided.
Guide To Turkey - Best Western Hotel Spectra
General guide for tourists and travelers interested in turkey. Includes information on the travel, culture, history, geography, cuisine, tourism and service providers of turkey.
http://hotelspectra.com/turkeyguide/

Extractions: Last modified: March 19, 2001 var ORDER= ""; var SERVER= ""; var CONTENTGROUP= ""; // You may customize the values of the above three variables to suit your website. // Simply insert your own values between the double-quotes. // The lines below show some examples: // var ORDER= "D2,Business to Consumer,Pocket FM Radio,Audio Products,10,499.99;"; // var SERVER= "Name of this web server"; // var CONTENTGROUP = "Content group name for this page";
Ggg The 201th Exhibition Sadik Karamustafa Graphic Design Exhibition
Numerous events introducing turkey's culture have been scheduled in2003, which has been declared the Year of turkey in Japan.
http://www.dnp.co.jp/gallery/ggg/gki/g201/g201ki_e.html

Extractions: One of Turkey's leading graphic designers, Karamustafa has turned out innumerable posters with bold colorful designs that at first glance look like collages. The balance displayed by his work is unique to Turkey, a country at the crossroads between Asia and Europe that is a crucible for cultural interaction between East and West. An artist who is well versed in history and literature as well as culture, Karamustafa offers a fascinating interpretation of the social function and meaning of graphic design. "For me, as a graphic designer," he observes, "design is an adventure, a lifelong journey." The present exhibition introduces posters produced by Karamustafa for cultural events, along with book designs that are representative of his work. Numerous events introducing Turkey's culture have been scheduled in 2003, which has been declared the "Year of Turkey" in Japan. The present exhibition especially will focus attention on the nature of Turkey today. Please spread the word about the following events.
Turkey.com Discussion Forum - Powered By VBulletin
View today's active threads, Welcome to our newest member, muratyavas. Forum,Posts, Threads, Last Post, Moderator. Guest Book. turkey.com Home Pages. culture.
http://www.turkey.com/forums/index.php3?categoryid=2
Pravda.RU Fifth International Arms Show To Open In Ankara
2001.09.26 TULA CARTRIDGE FACTORY TO PARTICIPATE IN WEAPONS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONIN turkey. 2001.09.23 BRITAIN FOR ANOTHER RUSSIAN culture SEASON.
http://english.pravda.ru/culture/2001/09/27/

Extractions: The Fifth International Show of Defence, Aerospace and Naval Hardware, IDEF-2001, will be launched on Thursday in the Turkish capital of Ankara. The show is held once in two years under the aegis of the Turkish National Defence Ministry and with participation of the Turkish foundation for support and development of the Armed Forces. More details
Turkey & Turkish Culture
turkey Turkish culture. This page contains information on turkey,Turks, and the Turkish culture. This first section are for the
http://members.aol.com/ekinci/turk1.html

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