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Oxidation and removal of atmospheric constituents involve complex sequences of reactions which can lead to the production of photo-oxidants such as ozone. In order to understand and model these complex reaction sequences, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms and accurate estimates of kinetic parameters for relevant gas-phase atmospheric reactions. This book presents recent advances in the field and includes the following topics: e.g. the oxidation of simple organic compounds, NOx kinetics and mechanisms, OH radical production and rate constants for the OH attack on more complex organic compounds, peroxy and alkoxy radical reactions, photo-oxidation of aromatic and biogenic compounds, and the interaction between radical species. ... Read more

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Tropospheric ozone has long been recognized as a major environmental concern. Levels of ozone concentration have grown dramatically and the effects of ozone exposure have been examined in virtually thousands of studies worldwide. This timely new reference presents the state of the art in ozone regulation, human health effects, agricultural implications, and the economics of ozone reduction. Tropospheric Ozone guides you through the history of air pollution legislation and cites government initiatives to reduce ozone emissions. Ozone concentration data is supplied for a variety of geographic regions in examining the causes of ozone concentration and its potential effects on human populations, crops, and forests. Important issues such as crop yield, plant growth, and crop losses due to exposure are addressed, which will help develop an understanding of the economic implications of agricultural damage. New information is presented regarding risk assessment and human monitoring studies. EPA guidelines are reviewed, and potential health problems associated with ozone exposure are discussed in a practical, informative format. This valuable reference will benefit air pollution engineers, environmental consultants, government agency employees, regulators, industry professionals, health professionals, crop and soil scientists, environmental health and safety professionals, risk assessment professionals, and students in the environmental sciences. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Trace gas measurements in the Leventina valley in southern Switzerland were performed in August and September 2001. Highest concentrations of secondary air pollutants (ozone and formaldehyde) were measured at an elevated site during nights with southerly winds. The analysis of ozone data at an elevated site in southern Switzerland from 1991 to 1998 corroborated that enhanced pollutant levels originating from the residual layer of the Po Basin led to an increase of ozone during spring and summer nocturnal southerly advection. Average differences of up to more than 20ppb were found when comparing the nighttime ozone mixing ratios during persistent southerly and northerly advection. The impact of the nocturnal trans-Alpine transport on the residual layer north of the Alps could be shown by means of a case study and an analysis of a perennial time series of ozone for an elevated station north of the Alpine crest. The afternoon spring and summer ozone concentrations in the boundary layer north of the Alps were on average 2.5ppb higher after persistent southerly advection and fair weather conditions in the previous night. This concentration increase due to nocturnal trans-Alpine transport was estimated to be responsible for additional 5% of hours with ozone levels above the Swiss national air quality standard. ... Read more

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Ozone depletion in the stratosphere and increases in greenhouse gases in the troposphere are both subjects of growing concern - even alarm - among scientists, policymakers, and the public. At the same time, recent data show that these atmospheric developments are interconnected and in turn profoundly affect climatic conditions. This volume presents the most up-to-date data and theories available on ozone depletion, greenhouse gases, and climatic change. These questions and more are addressed: What is the current understanding of the processes that destroy ozone in the atmosphere? And what role do greenhouse gases play in ozone depletion? ... Read more

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The U.S. Climate Change Science Program is in the process of producing 21 draft assessments that investigate changes in the Earth's climate and related systems. These assessments are designed to inform decision makers about the scientific underpinnings of a range of environmental issues, such as stratospheric ozone. This National Research Council report reviews one of these assessments, Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) 2.4, Trends in Emissions of Ozone Depletion Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery, and Implications for Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure. This assessment is noted as being the first-ever attempt to look at the United States contribution to ozone-depleting substances and ozone recovery.This National Research Council book commends the assessment's authoring team for comprehensively covering the scientific basis of ozone and ozone-depleting substances, but recommends several ways that the assessment could be improved. Suggestions include clarifying the discussion on climate effects of ozone and revising the approach to estimating U.S. contributions to production, consumption, and emission of ozone-depleting substances.The assessment could also be improved by reorganizing and editing to accommodate intended audiences. ... Read more