Geometry.Net - Basic_I: Indonesia History

Asian History Indonesia
Review of the reference book with indonesia as an example.Category Regional Asia indonesia Society and Culture historyColumbia Chronolgies of Asian history and Culture indonesian historyhistory of indonesia. www.cosmopolis.ch No. 12, December
http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/cosmo12/asianhistory.htm

Extractions: The Columbia Chronologies of Asian History And Culture , edited by John S. Bowman offers an overview of political history, arts, culture, thought and religion, science and technology, economics and everyday life of all Asian countries from the Paleolithic era through 1998. The more than 30 Asian countries are individually analyzed on 580 pages. According to its political, military, economic and demographic weight, a state gets more or less space. China is treated on 115, Japan on 75 and India on 120 pages. The almost 100 pages of appendices contain information on National and Independence days, scientific-technological achievements in Asia and a chronological comparative overview of what happened in Asia and Europe at a given time. The detailed index takes another 70 pages. To make a long story short, this is the most comprehensive Asian history available. The only, but crucial thing missing in this reference work is a bibliography which would allow a reader to dig further on a specific issue. Let's take the entry on Indonesia as an example. Its story is summarized on 15 pages. The description begins with the Pleistocene epoch (approximately 1,8 million to 8 thousand B.C.). Early evidence (2000 B.C.- A.D. 500), early Kingdoms (500-1377) and the rise of the Islamic kingdoms (1290-1682) are the subsequent parts of the entry. The European presence in Indonesia takes a bit more than four pages. In 1511, Portuguese explorers captured the port of Malacca, erected a fort there and settled in, but Portuguese corruption and disorganization soon led to the loss of the sea-trade control of Malacca and to the rise of Sumatran maritime trade centers. In 1595-98, the first expeditions to the East Indies by competing Dutch trade companies took place. In 1602, the Dutch East India Company was formed with a merger of the competing companies. England also entered the spice trade. In 1605, the Dutch East India Company occupied Ambon and established its headquarters.
Specialists In Tailor Made Diving Holidays To South East Asia: Liveaboard Diving
. indonesia history. indonesia - 13,500 islands this sprawling archipelago'smotto is 'unity in diversity'. indonesia - histor y. indonesia - history.
http://www.symbiosis-travel.com/destinations/indonesia/ihistory.htm

Extractions: During the 15-20th century there was a marked Portuguese and Spanish influence because of the spice trade - then the Dutch East India Company established a foothold in Java itself. However, this was not consolidated until early 20thC, shortly before invasion by the Japanese. The export of rubber, coffee, tin and oil transformed the country through the injection of cash flow and this coincided with a large scale conversion to Christianity.
Ricklefs M. C. History: World/Military, Java (Indonesia), History, Paku Buwana,
Ricklefs MC history World/Military, Java (indonesia), history, Paku Buwana, II, Sunan of Surakarta , Southeast Asia history, Islamic history, history
http://www.cleverbook-outlet.com/Ricklefs-M-C-The-Seen-and-Unse-0824820525.html
KITLV - Project For A Netherlands Oral History Archive On Indonesia 1940-1962
Recently this has resulted in the foundation of the Stichting Mondelinge GeschiedenisIndonesië (Foundation for the Oral history of indonesia).
http://www.iias.nl/institutes/kitlv/oralh.html

Extractions: Since August 1994 a group of Dutch historians has taken the initiative to constitute a national archive of interviews with Dutchmen about their life experiences during the late colonial period (1940-1962). Recently this has resulted in the foundation of the (Foundation for the Oral History of Indonesia). Staff members from the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology (KITLV), the Netherlands State Institute for War Documentation (RIOD), the International Institute of Social History (IISG), the History Department of the Royal Dutch Army together with the universities of Amsterdam, Leiden and Utrecht participate in this Foundation. Chairperson is professor dr. Heather Sutherland of Amsterdam Free University. The coordinator is Fridus Steijlen. There are three main scientific aspects to the project: recording the life histories of representative samples of the Indies society; creating a resource base (the archive); and conducting research. The respondents to be interviewed should belong to all levels of colonial society, for instance, persons active in the commercial and agricultural sectors, in the civil service, in technical and free professions, in the armed forces and the police, and in the religious missions. The necessity and urgency of this project are both high. There has been no attempt to systematically preserve the oral history of a period which engages the minds and emotions of a considerable segment of the Dutch population. While people talk, the last "Indische generatie" is dying out.
History Of Indonesia Mirror Site Aad 'Arcengel' Engelfriet
(Dutch), (Dutch). (Dutch). The history of indonesia. Together with all the connectedlinks it includes more than 250 pages, describing the history of indonesia.
http://home.iae.nl/users/arcengel/Indonesia/100.htm

Extractions: ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) ARCENGEL The History of Indonesia mirror site (text only) Ancient Kingdoms and the Coming of Islam Great Kings and Trade Empires Court Intrigues and the Dutch Chaos and Resistance Dutch Imperialisme New Nationalism Perang Dunia II War of Independence The Sukarno years The Suharto years "Dvipantara" or "Jawa Dwipa" kingdom is reported by Indian scholars to be in Java and Sumatra.
HistoryWinter2000
history OF indonesia. by Jonathan Huza. Professor indonesia's historyis one which has been influenced by outsiders and foreigners. The
http://www.cyberport.uqam.ca/english/countries/Indonesi/HistoryWinter2000.htm

Extractions: Indonesia is an old country, steeped in history. Scientists believe it goes back a long way to when 500,000 years ago Java man inhabited the islands. Indonesia's history is one which has been influenced by outsiders and foreigners. The Dutch, Japanese and Indians, just to name a few, have had something to do with Indonesia's past and their culture of today. Foreigners from India and Persia brought new religions to Indonesia and changed the country forever. Indonesia is believed to have existed 4 million years ago, when it was part of the Asian mainland. The beginning of Indonesian history began when the ice started to melt just North of Europe and the American continent. Many other species of man were thought to have lived and evolved on the islands and the mainland Indonesia. India played a vital role in the development of the history and culture of Indonesia today. Indian settlers, mostly those from Southern India began to migrate to Indonesia during the 1st to 7th century AD. Indians introduced new religions and helped refine the Sanskrit language, which eventually caused the spread of Indian civilization into Indonesia . Moslem merchants from India and Persia established trade routes with Indonesia in the 13th century AD. Along with their goods the traders also brought the Islamic faith with them. Soon many Indonesians, particularly those along the coastal areas of Java, were converted, so began the
IndonesiaWebLinks
history/indonhist.htm. Asian Info indonesia's history and Backgroundhttp//www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/indonesia/prohistory.htm.
http://www.aems.uiuc.edu/HTML/IndonesiaWebLinks.htm
History Of USAID/Indonesia
USAID recently marked its 50 th year of development cooperation with indonesia. Inthe 1970s, indonesia's oil boom fueled unprecedented economic growth.
http://www.usaid.gov/id/history-intro.html

Extractions: USAID recently marked its 50 th Indonesia and the United States signed their first economic and technical cooperation agreement in 1950. This agreement provided $80 million in grants for commodities and technical services. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, predecessor agencies to USAID focused on overcoming food shortages, solving critical health problems, rehabilitating transportation facilities, and developing nascent industries. The U.S. helped develop a strong cadre of skilled Indonesians by sending promising young people for education abroad and by bringing American teachers and trainers to Indonesia. U.S. technical and financial assistance to commerce, industry, and government helped lay the foundation for Indonesia's later economic growth. In 1966 a permanent USAID Mission was established in Jakarta. Through the late 1960s, USAID continued overseas training, supported vital infrastructure development and the fledgling private sector, and assisted in the government's efforts to curb the country's explosive population growth rate. In the 1970s, Indonesia's oil boom fueled unprecedented economic growth. Remarkable social progress was made in this period, with USAID playing a major role in two important Indonesian achievements: self-sufficiency in rice production and a dramatic reduction in the birth rate. The Agency also emphasized rural development, funding intermediate and low technology projects in agriculture, health, population, and education.
UNDP - About Indonesia
expected, and the commitment to the concept of democracy by the elite resultedin the period 195057 being the freest and most open in indonesia's history.
http://www.undp.or.id/general/about_history.asp

Extractions: From Independence to the Soeharto Era The result was that Indonesians were poorly equipped to manage their own affairs, much less to run a sophisticated democratic form of government when they achieved independence. The institutions to support a democratic system were lacking, and the Indonesians themselves had inherited from their Dutch and Japanese rulers the traditions and legal structure of a highly authoritarian system. Moreover, the bulk of the population was poor, illiterate, and used to paternalistic rule, while those who were politically informed constituted a very thin layer of urban society. Nonetheless the newly independent nation's rulers did better than expected, and the commitment to the concept of democracy by the elite resulted in the period 1950-57 being the freest and most open in Indonesia's history. It was followed by two periods of authoritarianism: Sukarno's "Guided Democracy" (1957-65) and Soeharto's "New Order" (1966-98). The period from December 1949 until July 1955 was tumultuous with monumental administrative problems, outbreaks of dissent and violence in several parts of the archipelago, and the coming and going of five cabinets. With the opposition becoming increasingly vocal over the delay in holding national elections, it was decided that polling for an elected parliament would take place in September 1955 with elections for a Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution that December. The ensuring election campaign further aggravated regional and intergroup frictions, and this is worth bearing in mind in case history should repeat itself.
U.S. Criminal History In Indonesia
US Criminal history in indonesia. The history of US support for indonesia's repressionrepresents the normal pattern of US global hegemonic policies.
http://www.brianwillson.com/awolcrimhist.html

Extractions: before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Daniel Patrick Moynihan, then-U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, in a cable to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on Jan. 23, 1976 muting U.N. opposition to Indonesia's Dec. 7, 1975 invasion of East Timor "It is the explicit policy of the Indonesian security forces to meet peaceful and unarmed civilian protests with force. Military training from the United States thus directly undermines the democratic movement in Indonesia."
Sejarah Indonesia: Indonesian Time-Line
An Online TimeLine of indonesia. Beginnings to 1500 the Old Kingdomsand the coming of Islam 1500 to 1670 Great Kings and Trade
http://www.gimonca.com/sejarah/sejarah.html
Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Indonesia | Introduction
Warnings, demographics, events, postcards and travel suggestions.Category Regional Asia indonesia Guides and Directoriesindonesia But another frequent visitor to indonesia is the war correspondentcovering the latest uprising, coup, terrorist attack or riot.
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_east_asia/indonesia/

Extractions: Indonesia The floating emerald islands of the Indonesian archipelago have, for centuries, been a magnet to a diverse range of people. Chinese and Indian traders, European colonisers, proselytising missionaries, wayward adventurers, mining companies, intrepid travellers and package tourists have all, at one time or another, been attracted by its sandalwood and spices breezes, its Bali Hai lifestyle and its magnificent beaches, mountains and volcanoes. But another frequent visitor to Indonesia is the war correspondent covering the latest uprising, coup, terrorist attack or riot. The myth of a paradisical country blessed with natural resources is often put to the test by deep racial divides, religious warring, high-handed autocracy, government corruption, economic mismanagment and natural disasters. The latest round of sectarian violence and military muscle-flexing has made Indonesia a problematic destination for most western travellers. Religious violence and clashes between the military and independence movements have made many areas unsafe to travellers, including the popular holiday destination of Bali. On 12 October, 2002, a series of bomb blasts targeting Western tourists claimed around 200 lives and left many hundreds more injured or missing. A bomb exploded outside the popular Sari Club, near Kuta Beach late at night, claiming hundreds of Western holiday-makers. Australian and US government officials are pointing the finger at Indonesian extremist groups, however a cleric associated with the revolutionary Jemaah Islamiah group, Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, has denied involvement.
Sejarah Indonesia: Indonesian Time-Line
An Online TimeLine of indonesia.
http://www.skypoint.com/~gimonca/sejarah/sejarah.html

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