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Brazilian & African Religions:     more detail

African religions and the valorisation of Brazilians of African descent: Paper presented at a seminar, Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ife, February 1977 by Pierre Verger, 1977 African religions and the valorisation of Brazilians of African descent by Pierre Verger, 1977 Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the African-Portuguese World, 1441-1770 by James H. Sweet, 2003-09-29 Fragments of Bone: Neo-African Religions in a New World Manipulating the Sacred: Yoruba Art, Ritual, and Resistance in Brazilian Candomble (African American Life Series) by Mikelle Smith Omari-Tunkara, 2006-01-01 BRAZIL: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Countries and Their Cultures</i> by MAXINE L. MARGOLIS, MARIA ENEDINA BEZERRA, et all 2001 Afro-Brazilian: History of Brazil, Religion in Brazil, Capoeira, Music of Brazil, Macumba, Umbanda, Brazilian cuisine, List of Brazilians of Black African descent, Chica da Silva (person). Sàngó in Africa and the African Diaspora (African Expressive Cultures) MUSIC, RELIGION, AND PERCEPTIONS OF CRIME IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY RIO DE JANEIRO: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, 2nd ed.</i> by Marc Hertzman, 2006 Nago Grandma and White Papa: Candomble and the Creation of Afro-Brazilian Identity (Translation of the Books in the Series Latin America in Translation/En Traduccion/Em Traducao) by Beatriz Gois Dantas, 2009-09-15 Afro-Brazilian music and rituals (Working paper) by José Jorge de Carvalho, 2000 Capoeira: A Tale of Martial Arts Mastery, Mysticism and Love by Khafra K Om-Ra-Seti, 2004-03-31

lists with details

1. African, Indigenous And Syncretic Religions In Latin America
   Bibliography is based on the readings used for the african religions in the Americas class at Rice University. The Taste of Blood Spirit Possession in brazilian Candomblé. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.  
   http://www.lasculturas.com/lib/libOrisaInd.php

2. Candomblé, Umbanda & Afro-Brazilian Religions
   african ethnic or cultural groups—nações (nations). The greatest influence ofthe Fon, and hence closest similarity to vodun, in Afrobrazilian religions  
   http://www.thebraziliansound.com/afro1.htm
   
   Extractions: Music of Brazil (Temple University Press, 1998) African heritage survives in modern Brazil in a variety of manifestations. Brazilian Portuguese has incorporated many Yoruba and other African words. The cuisine in Bahia is quite similar to that of West Africa. And Brazilian music, dance, and culture in general are heavily rooted in Africa. In fact, Brazil has the largest African-descended population outside of Africa. In 1980, Brazil's population was 44.5 percent black or mulatto, according to the government census, and it is clear that more than half of all Brazilians have at least one ancestor from the mother continent. Afro-Brazilian religions, despite past suppression by the Catholic Church and Brazilian government, have became firmly rooted in the national culture. The enslaved Yoruba, Ewe, and other peoples brought their animist beliefs from Africa to the New World. These religions are probably thousands of years old, predating Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Their belief systems were maintained for millennia, not on parchment or tablets, but as living oral traditions in ritual and music handed down from generation to generation. The Yoruba, who had the greatest influence on Afro-Brazilian religion, came primarily from what is now Nigeria. Their òrìsà tradition, carried across the Atlantic Ocean, was transformed in Brazil into

3. African Traditional Religion
   Caribbean religions. Haiti african Religion syncretism. Caribbean religions. brazilian Myths Fantastic Creatures  
   http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel
   
   Extractions: Map of Africa showing the spread of African Traditional Religion TARGETED LINKS A Yoruba Naming Ceremony Funeral Ceremonies of the Ibo Yoruba Belief- An Introduction, Man and the Gods in Yoruba Belief, ... Ancient Africa A Great Oral Tradition MEETING POINTS OF THE THREE GREAT RELIGIONS IN AFRICA African Traditional Religion And ISLAM

4. U. Mary WWW Resources - By Subject - Religions Of Africa
   religions of Africa and the african Diaspora NOTE The links on this page are raw material constituting the collection phase of directory development. studyweb.com brazilian and african religions. ucalgary.ca - african religions  
   http://it.umary.edu/Library/research/www_subjects/religion_africa.html
   
   Extractions: Back: Welder Library Web Resources Home WWW Resources by Subject Area NOTE: The links on this page are raw material constituting the collection phase of directory development. (See About This Directory for information on phases of development.) They have not yet been re-examined and weeded. When they are, about half the links here now will have been discarded as insufficiently fruitful and a somewhat smaller number of brand new and more rewarding links will have been added. Unprocessed pages like this are also likely to have a higher number of broken links. To learn how to work around them, please read about Error Messages if you haven't already done so. Page Index: Overview Articles Ifa - Yoruba Santeria - La Regla Lucumi ... Other Directories of African Religions OVERVIEW porchfour - Religions of the World African caribbean religions - Face of the Gods InquiceWeb ARTICLES aril.org - The African Experience of God through the Eyes of an Akan Woman, by Mercy Amba Oduyoye berkeley.edu - Drum is the Ear of God ncsu.edu - African Religion utexas.edu - The Demise of Traditional Religion in African Culture IFA - YORUBA indiana.edu - Yoruba Art in Wood and Metal

5. African Religions
   Santeria, and brazilian Candomble. 5. be able to critically assess the representation of african religions in the media,  
   http://www.ncsu.edu/chass/mds/AfrRelSyl.htm
   
   Extractions: SAMPLE SYLLABUS: AFRICAN RELIGIONS Africana Studies / Multidisciplinary Studies Instructor: Dr. Deidre H. Crumbley (deidre_crumbley@ncsu.edu) Course Meets on T and TH in HA 154 / 1:05-2: 20 PM Office Hours: Room #7 2806 Hillsborough Street COURSE JUSTIFICATION: Do Africans believe in a transcendent God or do they worship idols. Do Africans have a “religious faith” or is what they believed best described as “superstition”? Do and can Africans worship without bloody rituals? Africa has been known to the West since the time of Herodotus, yet such questions are still being raised by American college graduates, laden with antiquated and inaccurate conceptions about African culture and religion. This deficit is significant for two reasons. First, religion provides an ideational window through which outsiders not only view but also evaluate the community of faith. If the faith is deemed “superstitious blood-letting” the humanity of the believers is diminished, and this readily informs the ideological underpinning of policy formation related to these people. Secondly, African religion is not a local phenomenon.

6. African & African American Religions
   african and african American religions. The original african religions, no longer reside solely These Africianbrazilian religions are Candomblé in Bahia, Xangô in Pernambuco and  
   http://www.silverstitches.com/religions/africa.html
   
   Extractions: African and African American Religions The original African religions, no longer reside solely in Africa. They have traveled the world over, to every country where slaves have been traded and sold. The traditional African religious systems include Bakongo, Akan, Vodoun, and Ifa'Orisha. In some areas, such as Brazil, the different rites and local names have changed in order to hide behind the popular religion in the area. These Africian-Brazilian religions are Candomblé in Bahia, Xangô in Pernambuco and Alagoas, Tambor de Mina in Maranhão and Pará, Batuque in Rio Grande do Sul, and Macumba in Rio de Janeiro. I also need to mention Umbanda, which is a blend of African, American and European religious traditions. The Beliefs There is widespread belief in a supreme God, unique and transcendent. Africans have a sense of the sacred and a sense of mystery; there is high reverence for sacred places, persons and objects; sacred times are celebrated. Belief in the afterlife is incorporated in myths and in funeral ceremonies.

7. Africana.com: Gateway To The Black World.Screen Name Service
   resonant with Old World african worldviews, these essay explores how three religions,Haitian Vodou, Cuban Santería, and brazilian Umbanda, illustrate  
   http://www.africana.com/Articles/tt_326.htm

8. Africana.com: Gateway To The Black World.Screen Name Service
   Dahomean Vodun, Cuban Santeria and brazilian Candomble – is In addition, manypeople of african descent are to different kinds of religions and spiritual  
   http://www.africana.com/DailyArticles/index_20000716.htm

9. Beliefnet.com
   Afrobrazilian religions, view by date. A discussion of Candomblé, Umbanda, andother african-derived religions of  
   http://www.beliefnet.com/boards/discussion_list.asp?boardID=13972

10. Candomble, Umbanda, Macumba In Brazil (Books)
    Sacred Leaves Of Candomblé african Magic, Medicine And Religion In Brazil byRobert A. Voeks. Excerpt Candomblé, Umbanda Afrobrazilian religions.  
    http://www.thebraziliansound.com/candombl.htm

11. WebPagan.com African And Afro-based Religions Afro-Brazilian
    WebPagan directory for Afrobrazilian home african And Afro-based religions Afro-brazilian. Afro-brazilian. brazilian Terreiro, Ifa/Orisha religion of  
    http://www.webpagan.com/Afro-Brazilian_161

12. Herbs And Healing In Orisha And Other African Traditional Religions
    Herbs and Healing, Herbs and Healing in Orisha and other african Traditional religions. PlantasMedicinais A brazilian database of medicinal plants.  
    http://www.lasculturas.com/lib/libIfaEwe.php

13. Smithsonian Institution: National Museum Of African Art Branch Library
    and practices; syncretic religious movements; Christianity and Islam in Africa;Afrobrazilian cults; Santería; Vodun and other african religions in the New  
    http://www.loc.gov/rr/main/religion/afa.html
    
    Extractions: ext. 286 Fax Number: Contact Persons: Janet Stanley, Librarian Email Address: libmail@sil.si.edu Internet Catalog Address: telnet to siris.si.edu or http://www.siris.si.edu/ Access Policies Hours of Service: MondayFriday 9:00 a.m.-5:15 p.m. Open to the public: Yes, appointment strongly encouraged Photocopying: Yes Interlibrary loan: Yes Return to top of page Description of Collections Books and monographs: The collection holds approximately 1,000 books, primarily 20th century imprints. Subject emphases include African religions, including works on indigenous belief systems and practices; syncretic religious movements; Christianity and Islam in Africa; Afro-Brazilian cults; Santería; Vodun and other African religions in the New World.

14. Religious Movements Homepage: Macumba
    Making System of an africanbrazilian, Macumba Community in Salvador, Brazil. in Peter B. Clarke (ed.) New Trends and Developments in african religions.  
    http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jkh8x/soc257/nrms/macu.html
    
    Extractions: Name: Macumba is the "umbrella" term used for two principle forms of African spirit worship: Candomble and Umbanda . It is the Brazilian equivalent of Voudon and Santeria . Although macumba is associated with black magic, a more appropriate term is Quimbanda Founder: Black slaves shipped to Brazil in the 1550s brought the worship of African Gods, or orishas , to Brazil. Date of Birth: Not applicable Birth Place: Most of the slaves who incorporated their religion into Brazilian culture were from Africa. Year Founded: Brief History: When the Portugese began shipping slaves to Brazil in the sixteenth century, the country already had an amalgamation of religions. Catholicism was desperately trying to rid the area of the native Indian beliefs. The slaves found their beliefs in spirits and magic synonymous with native faiths. The two intertwined; while the slaves outwardly worshipped under the Catholic faith, they covertly carried on their religious beliefs until their liberation in 1888. At least fifteen generations of slaves had grown up with a belief in the orishas Candomble , like Santeria, resembles Yoruban religions. The name derives from the celebration held on coffee plantations by the blacks. The first center for

15. African Voices: Brazilian Tenda
    Songs and prayers in african languages, dance steps, drum rhythms, and herbal Practionersof Afrobrazilian religions tell of how Oxalá shapes each human body  
    http://www.rit.edu/~africa/diaspora/tendaPg1.shtml
    
    Extractions: Afro-Brazilian religion T hree-and-a-half to five million enslaved Africans were taken to Brazil between the early 1500s and 1888. They brought with them diverse religions, including Christianity, Islam, and the worship of Yoruba and Kongo divinities. Africans and their descendants in turn encountered religions practiced by Native Americans. African raffia, beads, cowrie shells, woven straw. Bahia, Brazil 1996 Omolu's ritual broom Omolu: God of Infectious Disease T his raffia mask conceals the face of the secretive Omolu, who dances bent over like an old man and carries a palm broom to sweep away illness. In the past, Omolu was considered the god of smallpox, able to inflict or to cure the disease. Today, Brazilian AIDS patients appeal to Omolu for relief from their illness. A T he cowrie shells adorning his mask symbolize Omolu's wealth, fertility, and knowledge as he heals the sick and protects the healthy. Tenda Omulu A H ere you will find many objects associated with the gods of Candomblé, each of whom has a distinct personality and history. Candomblé mediates interactions between the gods, or orixás, in the "House of Heaven" and people in the "House of Life." People offer objects and foods to the orixás, sending their prayers to the House of Heaven. Priests interpret messages sent by the spirits to the House of Life. A Shopping List Stop by Tenda Omolu and look for: B eads: worn by followers of the orixás, a cloth-covered basket used in rituals that reveal the will of the gods, herbs for healing and ritual incense to purify the air, pottery to hold sacred objects and offerings to the gods, statues of "Old Blacks" who represent kind spirits twin statues that represent the Catholic saints Cosme and Damean as well as the Ibeji, the twin gods of Candomblé, white corn wrapped in plantain leaves, used as an offering for the orixás.

16. Brazil
    the center of Candomble and other traditional african religions. As a result ofinternal migration during the 20th century, Afrobrazilian and syncretistic  
    http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5575.htm
    
    Extractions: The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy continued to contribute to the generally free practice of religion. The generally amicable relationship among religions in society contributed to the free practice of religion, although a rivalry exists among various religious groups vying for greater numbers of adherents. The U.S. Government discusses religious freedom issues with the Government in the context of its overall dialog and policy of promoting human rights. Section I. Religious Demography The country has total land area of 3,281,865 square miles, and its population is approximately 172.8 million. Sunni and Shi'a Islam are practiced predominantly by immigrants from Arab countries who have arrived in the country during the past 25 years. Shintoism is maintained to a limited degree among the Japanese-Brazilian community. Foreign missionary groups, including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) and several evangelical organizations, operate freely throughout the country.

17. International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Brazil
    the center of Candomble and other traditional african religions. As a result ofinternal migration during the 20 th century, Afrobrazilian and syncretistic  
    http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2002/14034.htm
    
    Extractions: The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects the right in practice. There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy continued to contribute to the generally free practice of religion. The generally amicable relationship among religions in society contributed to religious freedom. The U.S. Government discusses religious freedom issues with the Government in the context of its overall dialog and policy of promoting human rights. Section I. Religious Demography The country has a total land area of 3,281,865 square miles, and its population is approximately 170 million (based on 2000 census results). Nearly all major religions and religious organizations are present in the country. Many citizens worship in more than one church or participate in the rituals of more than one religion. Information obtained from the 2000 census indicated that approximately 74 percent of the population identify themselves as Roman Catholic, although only a small percentage of that number regularly attend Mass. Approximately 15 percent of the population identify themselves as Protestants, an estimated 85 percent of which are Pentecostal/evangelical. Evangelical churches have grown rapidly and have challenged the religious stronghold of the Catholic Church. Denominations include the Assembly of God and the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Lutherans and Baptists make up the bulk of the remaining Protestants and are centered in the southern part of the country, where the majority of German and northern European immigrants concentrated during the 19

18. African-Based Religions
    Ashe! Ile Axe Opo Afonja. An introduction to Candomble, an Afrobrazilian religion. Theoldest surviving internet forum on on african religions. santeria.  
    http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/AfroCuban.html
    
    Extractions: Palo Monte Vodou Candomble ... Newsgroups, List Goups, etc Translation Sites Babel Fish Dictionary. com T here are a variety of interesting sites focused on African and Afro-Caribbean Religions. This page has pulled together links I find interesting. Some of these sites I agree with, others I don'tall are interesting. But don't believe everything you read! M y introduction to discusses the basic cosmology of Orisha religion in the New World. M y bibliography of African-based religious lists books you may find interesting. The listed books should be generally available in the larger bookstores and libraries. M y FAQ answers many of the questions I have received concerning these religions. Please check it out before sending me email requesting help. Orisha List Home Page . The official webpage for the OrishaList mail list . This site has recently moved and is in the process of being re-installed. On former site the contributors have put together a wide ranging page with lots of interesting articles. This was the source for the readings of the year from Oyotunji Village. OrishaNet . Another view of Lukumi put together by Baba Eyiogbe, a babalawo in Seattle. More good information here, including a Lucumi Vocabulary page. Worth a visit for the beautiful picture of Oshun on the opening page.

19. Introducing Mary Ann Clark
    focus on the african elements in the religions of the The AfroBaptist Ritual in theafrican Diaspora. Taste of Blood Spirit Possession in brazilian Candomblé  
    http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/Bibliography.html
    
    Extractions: African Religions in the Americas Reading List More Information About: Surveys and Overviews African Traditional Religions Black Church in America Candomble ... Vodoun E veryone has his or her own reading list for these religions. This list is based on the readings I use for my African Religions in the Americas class. Not all are used in class, some I use for background material. E ach of these authors brings their own background and belief system to their work. I don't agree completely with what any of these authors say (including Clark, 1998), but together they present a good introduction to these religions. The key ( ) indicates those books I usually suggest be read first. I f you have found some book especially enlightening and feel it should be added to the list, please feel free to send me the information. (I don't guarantee I will follow your suggestions, only that I will consider it.) Murphy, Joseph M. 1994.

20. The African Influence On Brazilian Popular Culture
    brazilian society and as a way to resist imposed Catholicism. african slaves fromYoruba found a means of coexisting with Catholicism by forming religions  
    http://www.chatham.edu/PTI/Latin America & U.S.Pop culture/Jackson_02.htm
    
    Extractions: Standards Overview Initially, I wanted to create a unit that would give my students a global perspective on popular culture. Several weeks into the class on Latin American Popular culture I realized how much of an influence United States popular culture has on Latin America popular culture. Creating a curriculum that would focus on the African influence on popular culture in the United States and in Latin America seemed to be an interesting prospect. Teen interest is always focused on popular culture. Taking that interest and using it as a motivation for an in depth study of the African influence on Latin American popular culture, specifically in Brazil, seemed to be a project that would have great success. When teaching English, I hope to bring to my students a new understanding of the African influence on Brazilian popular culture. The African influence is evident in the plethora of genres of popular culture in Brazil.

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